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Improved Approximation Algorithms for Matroid and Knapsack Means Problems 拟阵和背包均值问题的改进逼近算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1142/s012905412246008x
Ao Zhao, Yang Zhou, Qian Liu
Both matroid means and knapsack means are variations of the classic [Formula: see text]-means problem in which we replace the cardinality constraint by matroid constraint or knapsack constraint respectively. In this paper, we give a 64-approximation algorithm for the matroid means problem and a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for the knapsack means problem by using a simpler and more efficient rounding method. We improve previous 304 approximate ratio for the former and 20016 approximate ratio for the latter. In the rounding process, the application of integrality of the intersection of submodular (or matroid) polyhedra provides strong theoretical support. Moreover, we extend this method to matroid means problem with penalties, and give 64 and 880-approximate algorithms for uniform penalties and nonuniform penalties problem.
拟阵均值和背包均值都是经典[公式:见正文]均值问题的变体,在该问题中,我们分别用拟阵约束或背包约束代替基数约束。在本文中,我们用一种更简单、更有效的舍入方法,给出了拟阵均值问题的64近似算法和背包均值问题的[公式:见正文]近似算法。我们对前者的304近似比率和后者的20016近似比率进行了改进。在舍入过程中,子模(或拟阵)多面体的交的完整性的应用提供了强有力的理论支持。此外,我们将该方法推广到带罚分的拟阵均值问题,并给出了一致罚分和非均匀罚分问题的64和880近似算法。
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引用次数: 0
The Hardest LL(k) Language 最难的英语语言
4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1142/s012905412344001x
Mikhail Mrykhin, Alexander Okhotin
This paper establishes an analogue of Greibach’s hardest language theorem (“The hardest context-free language”, SIAM J. Comp., 1973, http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0202025 ) for the classical family of LL([Formula: see text]) languages. The first result is that there is a language [Formula: see text] defined by an LL(1) grammar in the Greibach normal form, to which every language [Formula: see text] defined by an LL(1) grammar in the Greibach normal form can be reduced by a homomorphism, that is, [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. Then it is shown that this statement does not hold for the full class of LL([Formula: see text]) languages. The other hardest language theorem is then established in the following form: there is a language [Formula: see text] defined by an LL(1) grammar in the Greibach normal form, such that, for every language [Formula: see text] defined by an LL([Formula: see text]) grammar, with [Formula: see text], there exists a homomorphism [Formula: see text], for which [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a new symbol. The results lead to two robust language families: the closures of the languages defined by LL(1) grammars in the Greibach normal form under inverse homomorphisms and under inverse finite transductions.
本文建立了一个类似于Greibach最难语言定理(“最难上下文无关语言”,SIAM J. Comp., 1973, http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0202025)的经典LL(公式:见文本)语言族。第一个结果是存在一种由Greibach范式的LL(1)语法定义的语言[公式:见文],而每一种由Greibach范式的LL(1)语法定义的语言[公式:见文]都可以被同态约简,即当且仅当[公式:见文]。然后证明,这一说法并不适用于LL([公式:见文本])语言的整个类。然后其他困难的语言定理是成立于以下形式:有一个语言(公式:看到文本)定义为一种LL(1)文法Greibach范式,这样,每一个语言(公式:看到文本)定义为一个会([公式:看到文本])语法,(公式:看到文本),存在一个同态(公式:看到文本),因为(公式:看到文本)当且仅当[公式:看到文本][公式:看到文本][公式:看到文本],在[公式:看到文本]是一个新的象征。这些结果导致了两个鲁棒语系:在逆同态和逆有限转导下,由LL(1)语法在Greibach范式下定义的语言闭包。
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引用次数: 1
Reachability Analysis of Self Modifying Code 自修改代码的可达性分析
4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122500290
Tayssir Touili, Xin Ye
A Self modifying code is code that modifies its own instructions during execution time. It is nowadays widely used, especially in malware to make the code hard to analyse and to detect by anti-viruses. Thus, the analysis of such self modifying programs is a big challenge. Pushdown systems (PDSs) is a natural model that is extensively used for the analysis of sequential programs because they allow to accurately model procedure calls and mimic the program’s stack. In this work, we propose to extend the PushDown System model with self-modifying rules. We call the new model Self-Modifying PushDown System (SM-PDS). A SM-PDS is a PDS that can modify its own set of transitions during execution. We show how SM-PDSs can be used to naturally represent self-modifying programs and provide efficient algorithms to compute the backward and forward reachable configurations of SM-PDSs. We implemented our techniques in a tool and obtained encouraging results. In particular, we successfully applied our tool for the detection of self-modifying malware.
自我修改代码是指在执行过程中修改自身指令的代码。它现在被广泛使用,特别是在恶意软件中,使代码难以被反病毒程序分析和检测。因此,分析这样的自我修改程序是一个很大的挑战。下推系统(pds)是一种自然模型,广泛用于顺序程序的分析,因为它们允许对过程调用进行精确建模并模拟程序的堆栈。在这项工作中,我们提出用自修改规则扩展PushDown系统模型。我们称之为自修改下推系统(SM-PDS)。SM-PDS是一个可以在执行期间修改自己的转换集的PDS。我们展示了如何使用sm - pdp自然地表示自修改程序,并提供了有效的算法来计算sm - pdp的向后和向前可达配置。我们在一个工具中实现了我们的技术,并获得了令人鼓舞的结果。特别是,我们成功地应用了我们的工具来检测自我修改的恶意软件。
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引用次数: 0
Graph Algorithm Based Submodular Function for Sparsest Cut Problem 基于子模函数的最稀疏切割问题图算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460029
Xiaoyan Zhang, Hong Chang, Longkun Guo, D. Du, Gaokai Zou, Yu-Si Xiong
Sparsest cut problems are very important graph partitions, which have been widely applied in expander graphs, Markov chains, and image segmentation. In this paper, we study the edge-weighted version of the Sparse Cut Problem, which minimizes the ratio of the total weight of edges between blocks and the total weight of edges incident to vertices in one block. We first prove that the problem is even NP-hard for an edge-weighted graph with bridges. Then, we combine and generalize submodular functions and principal partition to design a graph algorithm to improve the initial bipartition, which runs in polynomial time by using network flow as its subroutines.
稀疏割问题是一个非常重要的图分割问题,在扩展图、马尔可夫链和图像分割中得到了广泛的应用。在本文中,我们研究了稀疏割问题的边加权版本,该版本最小化了块之间边的总权重与一个块中顶点的边的总重量之比。我们首先证明了对于带桥的边加权图,这个问题甚至是NP困难的。然后,我们结合并推广了子模函数和主划分,设计了一种图算法来改进初始二分法,该算法以网络流为子程序,在多项式时间内运行。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Approximation Algorithms for Bin Packing with Conflicts 带冲突装箱的改进逼近算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460054
Zhihua Huang, An Zhang, G. Dósa, Yong Chen, Chenling Xiong
Given a set of items, and a conflict graph defined on the item set, the problem of bin packing with conflicts asks for a partition of items into a minimum number of independent sets so that the total size of items in each independent set does not exceed the bin capacity. As a generalization of both classic bin packing and classic vertex coloring, it is hard to approximate the problem on general graphs. We present new approximation algorithms for bipartite graphs and split graphs. The absolute approximation ratios are shown to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively, both improving the existing results.
给定一组项目,以及在项目集上定义的冲突图,带有冲突的bin包装问题要求将项目划分为最小数量的独立集,以便每个独立集中项目的总大小不超过bin容量。作为经典bin包装和经典顶点着色的推广,在一般图上很难近似该问题。我们提出了新的二分图和分裂图的近似算法。绝对近似比分别为[公式:见正文]和[公式:见图正文],均改善了现有结果。
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引用次数: 2
Properties and Algorithm of Lattice Pseudo-Submodular Functions 格伪子模函数的性质与算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460091
Hongxiang Zhang, C. Hao, Yu Cao, Gaidi Li
In this paper, we propose a concept of a lattice pseudo-submodular (LPS) function and consider maximizing a monotone continuous real LPS function [Formula: see text] under a convex polytope constraint. The concept of LPS function was proposed to describe the properties of some discrete functions or nonconvex continuous functions. It is a generalization of the lattice submodular function. For the real LPS maximization problem, we design the monotone Pseudo Frank-Wolfe (PFW) algorithm by taking advantage of the second derivative bound. The PFW algorithm iterates by constantly optimize linear gradient function [Formula: see text], and finally outputs the solution. We theoretically prove that PFK algorithm has an approximation ratio of [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text]), and it needs at least [Formula: see text] rounds (where [Formula: see text] is a parameter given in advance). The PFW algorithm is also useful for multilinear extension of discrete lattice pseudo-submodular maximization problems.
在本文中,我们提出了格伪子模(LPS)函数的概念,并考虑在凸多面体约束下使单调连续实LPS函数[公式:见正文]最大化。提出了LPS函数的概念来描述一些离散函数或非凸连续函数的性质。它是格子模函数的推广。对于真实的LPS最大化问题,我们利用二阶导数界设计了单调伪Frank Wolfe(PFW)算法。PFW算法通过不断优化线性梯度函数进行迭代[公式:见正文],并最终输出解决方案。我们从理论上证明了PFK算法具有[公式:见正文]的近似比(其中[公式:看正文]),并且它至少需要[公式:见正文]轮(其中[方程式:见正文】是预先给定的参数)。PFW算法也适用于离散格伪子模最大化问题的多线性扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Approximate Nash Equilibria for Scheduling Game on Serial-Batching-Machines with Activation Cost 具有激活代价的串行批处理机调度博弈的近似纳什均衡
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460078
Long Zhang, Jiguo Yu, Yuzhong Zhang, D. Du
We consider the scheduling game with activation cost, where jobs as selfish agents compete for processing on serial-batching identical machines. Each job selects a machine (more precisely, a batch on a machine) for processing to minimize his disutility composed of the load of his machine and the fraction of activation cost. We claim that such a game may not admit any Nash equilibrium under the uniform sharing rule. We present an algorithm and prove that the schedule produced by the algorithm is a tight approximate Nash equilibria.
我们考虑具有激活成本的调度博弈,其中作业作为自私的代理在串行批处理相同的机器上竞争处理。每个作业都选择一台机器(更准确地说,是机器上的一批机器)进行处理,以最大限度地减少其由机器负载和激活成本组成的无用性。我们声称,在一致共享规则下,这样的博弈可能不允许任何纳什均衡。我们提出了一个算法,并证明了该算法产生的调度是一个紧近似纳什均衡。
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引用次数: 0
Restricted Existence and Approximation Algorithms for PMMS PMMS的限制存在性和逼近算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460066
Xinru Guo, Sijia Dai, Guichen Gao, Ruikang Ma, Yicheng Xu, Li Ning, Jianping Fan
This paper studies the problem of dividing [Formula: see text] indivisible items among [Formula: see text] agents fairly and efficiently. Specifically, this research concentrates on pairwise maximin share (PMMS), which is defined to be the maximum value that an agent can guarantee for herself if she were to repartition the items with another agent and receive the bundle with the minimum value. PMMS is an important concept in the fair division. However, whether PMMS for indivisible items exists is still open. This work concentrates on PMMS by proving the existence of PMMS on linear graphs with binary valuation functions. Besides, this paper designs an algorithm to approximate PMMS in the case where different agents have identical valuations among the same items, achieving a ratio strictly greater than 0.8, which outperforms the state-of-the-art ratio of 0.781 from Kurokawa [22]. The time complexity of our FFD-based algorithm is [Formula: see text].
本文研究了在[公式:见文]代理之间公平有效地分配[公式:见文]不可分割项目的问题。具体地说,本研究关注的是PMMS (pairwise maximin share), PMMS被定义为一个agent与另一个agent重新分配物品并以最小值接收捆绑包时,她能为自己保证的最大值。PMMS是公平划分中的一个重要概念。然而,不可分割物品的PMMS是否存在仍然是一个开放的问题。本文主要通过证明二元估值函数线性图上PMMS的存在性来研究PMMS。此外,本文还设计了一种算法来近似不同主体对相同物品具有相同估值的PMMS,达到严格大于0.8的比率,优于Kurokawa[22]给出的0.781的最优比率。我们基于ffd的算法的时间复杂度为[公式:见文]。
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引用次数: 0
A Differentially Private Approximation Algorithm for Submodular Maximization Under a Polymatroid Constraint Over the Integer Lattice 整数格上多边形约束下次模最大化的差分私有逼近算法
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-01-14 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460042
Jiaming Hu, C. Hao, Cuixia Miao, Bo Zhao
We consider the problem of local privacy where actions are subsets of a ground multiset and expectation rewards are modeled by a [Formula: see text]decomposable monotone submodular function. For the DR-submodular maximization problem under a polymatroid constraint, Soma and Yoshida [26] provide a continuous greedy algorithm for no-privacy setting. In this paper, we obtain the first differentially private algorithm for DR-submodular maximization subject to a polymatroid constraint. Our algorithm achieves a [Formula: see text]approximation with a little loss and runs in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] times where [Formula: see text] is the rank of the base polymatroid and [Formula: see text] is the size of ground set. Along the way, we analyze the utility and privacy of our algorithm. A concrete experiment to simulate the privacy Uber pickups location problem is provided, and our algorithm performs well within the agreed range.
我们考虑局部隐私问题,其中动作是地面多集的子集,期望回报由[公式:见正文]可分解单调子模函数建模。对于多矩阵约束下的DR子模最大化问题,Soma和Yoshida[26]提供了一种无隐私设置的连续贪婪算法。在本文中,我们获得了第一个在多矩阵约束下DR子模最大化的差分私有算法。我们的算法在稍有损失的情况下实现了[公式:见文本]近似,并在[公式:看文本][公式:见图文本]次中运行,其中[公式:看看文本]是基本多矩阵的秩,[公式:看到文本]是基集的大小。在此过程中,我们分析了算法的实用性和私密性。提供了一个具体的实验来模拟隐私优步皮卡的位置问题,我们的算法在约定的范围内表现良好。
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引用次数: 0
Single-Machine Scheduling with a Deteriorating Maintenance Activity and DeJong’s Learning Effect 具有退化维修活动的单机调度与DeJong学习效应
IF 0.8 4区 计算机科学 Q4 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122460030
Jie Gao, Juan Zou, Yuzhong Zhang
In this paper, we study the single-machine scheduling problems with DeJong’s learning effect and deteriorating maintenance activity, where DeJong’s learning effect is a special position-based learning effect and the duration of the deteriorating maintenance activity is a linear increasing function of its starting time. Our goal is to determine the job sequence of all jobs and the position of the maintenance activity to minimize some performance measures. When the performance measures are the makespan and the total completion time, we show that both of them can be solved in polynomial time. When the performance measure is the total weighted completion time, we develop a pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm under a special case. When the performance measure is the maximum lateness, we show that the earliest due date first (EDD) order is a bad algorithm for the general case, and develop a polynomial time algorithm under a special case.
本文研究了具有DeJong学习效应和退化维修活动的单机调度问题,其中DeJong学习效应是一种特殊的基于位置的学习效应,退化维修活动的持续时间是其开始时间的线性递增函数。我们的目标是确定所有作业的作业顺序和维护活动的位置,以最小化一些性能度量。当性能度量为最大完工时间和总完成时间时,我们证明了它们都可以在多项式时间内求解。当性能指标为总加权完成时间时,给出了一种特殊情况下的伪多项式时间动态规划算法。当性能指标为最大迟到时,我们证明了在一般情况下,最早到期日优先(EDD)顺序是一个不好的算法,并在特殊情况下开发了一个多项式时间算法。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science
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