International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries最新文献

Background

Sesame oil has several polyphenols with possible anti-diabetic and antioxidative characteristics. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of sesame oil on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consequences. 

Objective

We aimed to investigate the effects of sesame oil as one of the safest edible oils and whether it could be an adjuvant therapy to medications in T2DM patients.

Methods

Fifty-six patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, receiving sesame oil (SO) as the intervention group (n = 28) or sunflower seeds oil (SSO) as the placebo group (n = 28) for 8 weeks. We assessed anthropometric, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indicators. We used paired sample t-test/Wilcoxon test and an unpaired t-test to examine the differences among and between the arms.

Results

The results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced significantly in the SO group (1.33 ± 1.26, p = 0.001). However, the results in the SSO group were vice versa, and MDA noticeably increased in the control group after eight weeks (− 2.08 ± 1.01, p < 0.001). Despite the in-group changes, no significant differences were spotted in anthropometric, glycemia, lipid profile, and inflammatory indicators between both intervention and control groups.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a possible antioxidative effect of sesame oil by decreasing MDA with no effects on other measured outcomes. This is a safe and effective option for relieving oxidative stress, as the supplementation with sesame oil for 8 weeks was not associated with harmful effects.

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects 537 million of the population worldwide whereby continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been implemented in the management of diabetes.

Introduction

CGM tracks glucose levels for 24 h without interruption via sensor detection which provides a large data set for blood glucose prediction in diabetic patients. By incorporating the Internet-of-Things healthcare systems into wearable CGM devices, the artificial intelligence-based CGM models facilitate diabetes management by assisting with blood glucose trend analysis, blood glucose profile and diabetic risk prediction, early warning of the potential glycemic events predicted, and insulin dose optimization.

Conclusion

The development of AI-based technology has improved the overall outcome of diabetes management. The AI algorithms with different approaches are helpful in clinical decision-making and health-related data tracking, particularly in diabetes glucose management.

Background

It has been reported that exercise could improve diabetes via the VitD-FGF23-sKlotho axis.

Objective

We evaluated the effects of 8 weeks of endurance and resistance training on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), soluble klotho (s-Klotho), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VitD), and diabetes biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal type 2 diabetic (T2DM) women.

Methods

Thirty overweight/obese postmenopausal women with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups, including endurance exercise (3 days/week of walking and jogging), resistance exercise (60 min weight resistance training 3 days/week), and control groups (no physical activity and dietary change). Before and after the 8-week training, serum levels of FGF23, s-Klotho, VitD, blood sugar, lipid profile, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as anthropometric, physiological, and cardiac characteristics were evaluated.

Results

The endurance or resistance training did not significantly change the anthropometric and cardiac parameters (p > 0.05), and only fat percent, resting heart rate, and systolic blood pressure levels were significantly decreased after the endurance exercise (p < 0.05). Both endurance and training exercises could improve serum levels of insulin and glucose. The serum levels of FGF23 and s-Klotho were significantly increased in the endurance and resistance groups (p < 0.05), while no significant change was found in the VitD levels.

Conclusion

Physical exercises, especially the endurance feature of the training modality, could increase serum FGF23 and s-Klotho levels and decrease FBG and HbA1c levels in postmenopausal T2DM women which might be a sign of improvement in glucose metabolism through regulation of VitD-FGF23-s-klotho axis.

Background

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Recently, some studies determined the relationship between diabetes and abnormality of indices of thyroid hormone sensitivity. Thyroid dysfunction may play a role in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objective

In the present study, we aim to determine central and peripheral thyroid hormone resistance by evaluating indices of thyroid hormone sensitivity and thyroid function tests and to investigate its effect on the etiology of GDM.

Methods

A total of 1416 euthyroid pregnant women were included in this study. Of these, 241 (17%) had GDM and 1175 (83%) did not have GDM. We evaluated the association of indices of sensitivity to thyroid hormones including TFQI_FT4, TFQI_FT3, TSHI, TT4RI, and FT3/FT4, with GDM in pregnant euthyroid women.

Results

We found higher FT3, TFQI_FT3, and FT3/FT4 ratio in the GDM group. The present study also showed that significantly increased FT3 and TFQI_FT3 levels were associated with a higher risk of GDM after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as age and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusions

FT3 and TFQI_FT3 were independently associated with the risk of GDM. The results of the present study may shed light on future studies by providing new information on the association of FT3 at the first antenatal visit with GDM.

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) remains a gold standard for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes all over the world and also in India. The original OGTT was a five sample test which included fasting, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Later, the test was modified in the US to two sample test 0 and 120 min, i.e., fasting and 2 h after 75 g glucose and this has been in practice all over the world. Traditional diabetologists continue to measure some of the intermediate samples, particularly the 60 min or 1 h value which identifies individuals even before the fasting or 2 h value becomes abnormal. Thus, even before the stage of prediabetes when one has a normal fasting and 2 h value, a raised 1 h value above 155 mg/dl has been shown to predict who will progress to diabetes. A group of 22 international experts recently got together and the IDF Position Statement on the 1 h value was published which shows why the 1 h value in the OGTT should be reintroduced in the routine lab testing of OGTT. This article is an endorsement of the IDF Position Statement on the 1 h value. Introducing the 1 h value in the OGTT is particularly relevant to India which has one of the fastest conversions of prediabetes to diabetes and also a very rapid loss of beta cell function. Identifying early stages of intermediate hyperglycemia can help to prevent diabetes and also reverse the condition.

Background

A divergent fracture pattern is seen in patients living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). These patients are at risk for fractures at unusual distal sites over and above the fractures occurring at major osteoporotic sites. Avascular necrosis (AVN) involving the talus has not been reported previously in T1D.

Case Presentation

We hereby report an exceptional case of a 24-year old patient of T1D, who reported to us 3 months post-partum with swelling and pain over her right ankle. In the third trimester of her pregnancy, she encountered trivial trauma to her right ankle. One month after delivery, she developed fragility fractures over her left 2nd to 4th metatarsal heads. On further workup, she was found to have low bone mass and avascular necrosis of right talus on magnetic resonance imaging. On follow up 1 year later, she continued to have low bone mass although her bone mineral density (BMD) increased at the lumbar spine and hip. She was diagnosed with right talar AVN due to fragility fracture sustained in the third trimester with low bone mass consequent to T1D. A possible role of pregnancy- and lactation-related osteoporosis was considered in view of the chronological association with pregnancy.

Conclusion

Our case highlights the fragile skeletal health of patients living with T1D making a case for greater scrutiny of declining bone health in these patients.

Objective

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global metabolic disorder with high cardiovascular risk. Information on remnant cholesterol (RC) among type 2 DM patients is insufficient in Ghana despite the cardiovascular risk it poses. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern, and correlation of remnant cholesterol levels with other lipid parameters among patients with type 2 DM in the New Juaben Municipality of Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 DM patients receiving treatment at St. Joseph Hospital and the Eastern Regional Hospital from January 2022 to May 2022. The sociodemographic details of participants were obtained with a structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected, and analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. These lipid parameters were then used to calculate low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and remnant cholesterol (RC) levels. Data were analyzed accordingly using the IBM SPSS and GraphPad Prism.

Results

A total of 398 participants were recruited (median age of 50), of whom 265(66.6%) were females. The majority of participants had no family history of DM (78.89%) and were aged 46-65 years (42.21%). The prevalence of high remnant cholesterol was found to be 60.3%. Controlling for all significant factors including HDL-C and sex, having high RC was found to be associated with 51% increased odds of having high non-HDL cholesterol (p = 0.001). A subgroup analysis on LDL-C and RC indicated that high LDL-C/high RC was most prevalent among participants 156(39.2%). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL cholesterol, and LDL- cholesterol were all substantially correlated with discordant/concordant LDL-C and RC.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate an increased prevalence of high RC among type 2 DM patients projecting a possible increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications in the future. Much attention should therefore be paid to RC and its correlated non-HDL cholesterol in the treatment and management of type 2 DM.

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder, has seen an escalating incidence each year, thereby imposing significant burdens on both public health and socio-economic structures. Although numerous outstanding studies have focused on the regeneration of diabetic islets, a gap exists in the form of comprehensive bibliometric analyses in this area.

Methods

We employed bibliometric methods to encapsulate and depict the worldwide research directions in this field. Our study engaged in a detailed screening of 552 scholarly articles on diabetic islet regeneration from 2012 to 2022.

Results

Our findings indicate a consistent upward trajectory in both publications and citations. Geographically, China holds the forefront in terms of publication volume, followed closely by the United States, India, and Japan. However, in citation quantity, the United States takes the lead, with China, India, and Italy trailing. Institutional contributions are led by the University of Pennsylvania in publication volume, while Harvard University ranks first in citation frequency. Notably, the Journal of Ethnopharmacology emerged as the most prolific journal and achieved a high citation ranking. The current research focal points encompass cell maturation, regenerative medicine, cellular replacement, and gene expression analysis.

Conclusion

This study offers an exhaustive bibliometric perspective on the global research trends concerning diabetic islet regeneration over the last decade. It highlights that areas such as beta-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement continue to be pivotal in the research landscape for diabetes management.

Introduction

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMTD) is a common group of single-gene hereditary neuropathy characterized by chronic progressive exacerbation of distal limb weakness, sensory abnormalities, and nerve conduction dysfunction. It can be grouped into various subtypes based on the median nerve motor conduction velocity (MNCV) and gene mapping. CMTD1A is the most common subtype, accounting for > 50% of all subtypes, caused by the duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene on chromosome 17. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that frequently causes predominant sensory neuropathy. Diabetes with CMTD is not commonly reported. Especially diabetes type 1 (T1D) with CMTD1A has not been reported so far. This study reports a case of T1D with CMTD1A diagnosed by a gene test.

Results

Upon the clinical manifestations, physical examination, EMG and genetic testing results, we diagnosed the patient as T1D with CMTD1A, and the related literatures were reviewed.

Conclusion

It is not yet clear whether there is a genetic association between the CMTD and diabetes, the genes causing CMTD are perhaps related to T1D and T2D genes. When CMTD and diabetes coexist, the resulting neuropathy is more severe than that observed with either condition alone. We recommend that such patients should strictly control their blood-glucose level to slow down the progression of the disease.

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most encountered chronic diseases in children and adolescents. Sleep as an essential part of life cycles follows a complicated biological pattern.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate and compare the sleep disorders between T1DM and non-diabetic children and adolescents.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a pediatric endocrinology clinic in Qazvin City during 2018–2019. The participated samples in T1DM and non-diabetic groups were 47 and 44 samples, respectively. The Children Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ) was completed by the parents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 22.

Results

The findings showed that the subscales of CSHQ including bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnia, and total sleep disorder score of the diabetic patients were significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The total score of CSHQ in the T1DM children group was higher than that the non-diabetic group, and this observed difference between scores was statistically significant (49.80 vs. 43.77, p < 0.05). The odds of the sleep complications in diabetic group (T1DM) are higher more than three times of the non-diabetic group controlling the confounding effects of the factors including age, sex, and BMI (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.05–9.52).

Conclusion

According to the findings of our study, impaired sleep conditions in the T1DM children group were approximately three times the observed ones in the non-diabetic children group. According to our findings, routine evaluation of sleep disorders in diabetic children and adolescents is recommended.