International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity最新文献

Background: The directionality of longitudinal associations between children's food fussiness and parental feeding behaviors remains contested. This study aimed to assess the dynamic relationship between children's food fussiness and feeding behaviors.

Methods: To disentangle these effects, this study employed cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) using longitudinal data from 588 Chinese children (Mean age = 3.7 years, SD = 0.3, 51.7% boys) across three waves over two years. CLPMs capture between-person associations, while RI-CLPMs isolate within-person dynamics over time. Within-person effects represent how temporary deviations predict subsequent changes beyond stable traits, whereas between-person effects reflect enduring cross-family differences.

Results: Analyses revealed distinct patterns depending on the feeding behavior and model type: for restrictions, the CLPM showed parent-driven effects (restrictions at 3.7 years→ fussiness at 4.8 years, β = -0.104, p = 0.003), whereas the RI-CLPM identified child-driven effects (fussiness at 4.8 years → restrictions at 5.7 years, β = 0.179, p = 0.033). Both models consistently revealed child-driven effects for pressure to eat (CLPM: β = 0.151, p = 0.002; RI-CLPM: β = 0.218, p = 0.013). Food as a reward showed bidirectionality in CLPM (reward at 4.8 years → fussiness at 5.7 years: β = 0.112, p < 0.001; fussiness at 4.8 years→ reward at 5.7 years: β = 0.144, p = 0.005) but no significant cross-lagged paths in the RI-CLPM. Notably, the multi-group analysis revealed no moderating effect of child sex.

Conclusions: After accounting for stable between-person differences, RI-CLPM findings reveal that child food fussiness prospectively drives increases in parental use of restriction and pressure to eat at the within-person level. This suggests that these specific feeding behaviors may function more as reactive responses to children's eating behaviors than as caregiver-initiated strategies.

Background: Encouraging the shift towards more plant-based diets in new generations is one of the major current challenges to preserve population and planetary health. Personal pledges to reduce meat consumption could motivate behaviour change, but have received limited scientific testing. We examined the effect of a "Eat Less Meat" one-month challenge on immediate and long-term meat consumption of university students.

Methods: In January 2023, 366 university students (21 ± 3.2 years old) consented to participate in the "Eat Less Meat" one-month challenge and were randomized to the intervention group (n = 187, challenge in February 2023) or the wait list control group (n = 179, challenge in June 2023). Neither participants nor investigators were masked to group assignment. Participants chose between three meat reduction objectives: consuming meat 0, 3, or 6 times a week. They received a meat-free recipe book and followed an Instagram account where motivational information was posted daily during one month. All the participants completed a food frequency questionnaire in January (T0, before), February (T1, during), and May 2023 (T2, three months after the challenge) and data on meat consumption were analysed using linear mixed models.

Results: The participants in the "Eat less meat" one-month challenge reduced their meat consumption by -67 g/day (95% CI [-82; -53]) during the challenge and by -50 g/day (95% CI [-68; -31]) three months later. The decrease was greater than in the control group by -34 g/day (95% CI [-55; -14]) during the challenge, but there was no significant difference between intervention and control group at three months follow-up.

Conclusions: The "Eat Less Meat" one-month challenge may be a promising strategy to drive short-term reductions in meat consumption and further work to improve longer-term effectiveness is now warranted.

Trial registration: The trial was pre-registered prior to data collection at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05752786).

Background: While food marketing to youth is associated with harmful behavioural and dietary outcomes, few studies have assessed differences in this relationship between countries. This study examined the association between exposure to food marketing and dietary intakes among youth in six countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of International Food Policy Study 2023 Youth Survey data examined the relationship between self-reported exposure to marketing for less healthy (fast food, sugary drinks, sugary cereals, snacks, desserts/treats) and healthy (fruits, vegetables) food categories across various media/settings in the past 30 days and consumption of these foods yesterday among youth 10-17 years-old in Canada, Australia, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States (n=9057). Associations of food consumption with exposure to marketing of food categories and marketing techniques (e.g., characters, famous people) in food advertisements, and differences in associations between countries, were examined using binary and ordinal logistic regression.

Results: In all countries, youth reporting more frequent exposure to marketing of all less healthy food categories had higher odds of having consumed those foods yesterday (p < 0.05 for all), except snacks in Mexico. Compared with no exposure to marketing techniques, exposure to ≥ 1 marketing technique(s) in less healthy food advertisements was associated with higher odds of having consumed sugary drinks (AOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.72), fast food (AOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.40, 2.03), sugary cereals (AOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.51) and desserts/treats yesterday (AOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.71) among youth in all countries. Consumption of snacks was associated with exposure to ≥ 1 marketing technique(s) in less healthy food advertisements in Australia (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.34), Chile (AOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.36) and Mexico (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.26). Positive associations between frequency of exposure to marketing of fruits and vegetables and the number of times these foods were consumed yesterday were observed in all countries (p < 0.05), except vegetable consumption in the UK.

Conclusions: These results support the association between exposure to food marketing and consumption of marketed foods. Findings were similar between countries, reinforcing the need for global implementation of restrictions on food marketing to youth.

Background: Assessing adolescents' dietary intakes in relation to Canada's Food Guide 2019 (CFG-2019) recommendations on healthy food choices is a critical component to public health surveillance efforts. The study aimed to develop a brief self-administered screener to assess food intake based on CFG-2019 food choices recommendations among English- and French-speaking adolescents aged 10-17 years living in Canada.

Methods: The development and assessment of the content validity of the tool was undertaken in collaboration with Health Canada advisors and informed by external content experts, including nutrition researchers and practitioners. Following a rapid review of screeners used among children aged 6-17 years, an initial draft was developed, and content validity was assessed by an expert panel with expertise in public health nutrition and questionnaire validation (English n = 13, French n = 7). Two rounds of cognitive interviews were then conducted with adolescents (English n = 15, French n = 14) to assess comprehension and further refine the screener items. Cognitive testing using a direct probing approach was conducted iteratively in two phases to assess understanding of questions and incorporate feedback from adolescents to improve the clarity and wording of the items at each phase.

Results: Following the expert panel and iterative discussions with Health Canada advisors, four items were removed from the initial 14-item screener as these items were deemed not sufficiently reflective of the CFG recommendations and one item asking about water intake was tested. Cognitive testing revealed that the items were well understood overall, and feedback at each interview round enabled additional refinements to improve comprehension. The resulting screener includes 10 items designed to rapidly assess food intake based on CFG-2019 recommendations on healthy food choices for adolescents aged 10 to 17 years.

Conclusions: The Canadian Food Intake Screener for Adolescents/Questionnaire court canadien sur les apports alimentaires des adolescents is designed to rapidly assess dietary intake over the past week among children aged 10 to 17 years. Before it can be used for research and population-level nutrition surveillance, further research is needed to develop a scoring system and evaluate the screener's construct validity and reliability.

Background: Young adults (18-25) face significant risk for weight gain and transitioning to a higher body mass index category when compared to other adult groups. As active internet users, they encounter food-related content across digital platforms, yet little is known about their behavioural and cognitive responses to this compound exposure.

Methods: This pre-registered mixed-methods systematic review features primary studies about participants aged 18 to 25 exposed to digital food communication and assessed for behavioural or cognitive responses towards food and nutrition. We evaluate consumption and food purchase as behavioural responses; intentions to consume and/or purchase, and attitudes towards food and nutrition as cognitive responses. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus, and Business Source Ultimate for studies published from database inception to August 1, 2024. Quality appraisals were conducted using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form, the ROB1 Tool for randomised trials, the JBI Quasi-Experiment Checklist for quasi-experiments and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative studies. We used a three-pronged method for analysis. Meta-analyses combined findings from randomised trials for behavioural and cognitive responses, while observational studies were summarised narratively. The thematic synthesis approach informed our qualitative synthesis of young adults' narratives of their responses after exposure to digital food communication. Finally, a cross-study matrix synthesised analytical qualitative themes and quantitative findings.

Results: Of the 6132 studies identified, 45 are included in the systematic review, representing 8,914 young adults in 16 countries. Meta-analyses on behavioural and cognitive responses demonstrate statistical significance with effect sizes of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.18-0.50) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.10-0.28), respectively. Observational studies confirmed the findings of the meta-analyses. Difficulty deciphering what represents good nutrition, critical distinctions when engaging with content viewed as helpful versus misleading and balancing intentions versus actual behaviours were barriers to the effectiveness of digital food communication. Using a cross-study synthesis matrix, we developed ten recommendations to improve digital dietary interventions and their assessed implementation by experimental studies in the review.

Conclusions: Our results illustrate the need to approach digital food communication as a digital determinant of dietary health for young adults, shaping behaviours and cognition.

Background: Monitoring and improving physical activity levels is essential for promoting healthy aging. The objective of this study was to create age-specific normative values for the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) among community-dwelling women and men aged 45-85 years old.

Methods: 36,701 participants (47% female) aged 45-85 years old, free of any mobility limitation or activities of daily living disability from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) were included. Best fitting models were identified using Generalized Akaike Information Criteria values and cross-validation. Seasonal differences for males and females were also explored.

Results: Separate models for males and females are presented, providing a range of percentile values (5-95%) in charts and tables. Total PASE scores were highest in 45-year-olds and decreased with age. Seasonal differences were not substantial or consistent at the population level.

Conclusions: The age- and sex- specific normative values provided can improve the interpretability of PASE scores among middle-aged and older adults. In addition to PA guideline cut-offs, normative values provide further information for monitoring physical activity by allowing for more personalized observations that account for healthy variation.