Abstract Stainless steel fiber exhibits excellent flame retardancy and melting resistance, but it lacks thermal and moisture comfort. To compensate for these shortcomings, stainless steel fiber was blended with Lyocell fiber in ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70%. The blended yarn was then formed into a single-sided plain stitch fabric of stainless steel fiber and finished with a phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant. Next, the effects of the blending ratio on the fundamental properties, thermal and moisture comfort, and flame retardancy of the blended yarn and its fabric were studied. Considering these parameters alongside cost, the 10% stainless steel fiber-blended fabric was the optimal choice and showed potential applications for updating and upgrading welding service fabrics.
{"title":"Preparation and performance of stainless steel fiber/Lyocell fiber-blended weft-knitted fabric","authors":"Taohai Yan, Yingzi Wu, Renzhi Li, Yongze Wu, Yajing Shi, Luming Huang, Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1515/aut-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stainless steel fiber exhibits excellent flame retardancy and melting resistance, but it lacks thermal and moisture comfort. To compensate for these shortcomings, stainless steel fiber was blended with Lyocell fiber in ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70%. The blended yarn was then formed into a single-sided plain stitch fabric of stainless steel fiber and finished with a phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant. Next, the effects of the blending ratio on the fundamental properties, thermal and moisture comfort, and flame retardancy of the blended yarn and its fabric were studied. Considering these parameters alongside cost, the 10% stainless steel fiber-blended fabric was the optimal choice and showed potential applications for updating and upgrading welding service fabrics.","PeriodicalId":503406,"journal":{"name":"AUTEX Research Journal","volume":"112 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The weft knitted shirt fabric has good elasticity and comfortability, but it is difficult to achieve the formability of woven shirts. In this study, 30D XLANCE® elastic fibers and 30D Lycra® elastic fibers were used, which paired with 40S cotton and 75D/36F moisture-absorbing and quick-drying polyester DTY to develop the woven shirt fabrics on a 32 needle/25.4 mm single-sided circular machine. The results indicate that the 30D XLANCE® knitted shirt fabric has undergone sufficient heat setting treatment, and its mechanical properties are close to those of the standard woven fabric, superior to 30D Lycra® and 30D XLANCE® without sufficient heat setting treatment fabrics. The ultraviolet resistance behavior of XLANCE® fabrics is significantly better than that of Lycra® fabrics. Meanwhile, the XLANCE® fabrics after heat setting still maintain the excellent elasticity and resilience, breathability, moisture absorption, and quick drying performance, and the dimensional stability after washing is also very good. In addition, compared with spandex, XLANCE® fabrics have the lower heat setting temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. It can be considered that XLANCE® elastic fibers are the ideal raw materials for the knitted woven products.
{"title":"An experimental study of mechanical properties and comfortability of knitted imitation woven shirt fabrics","authors":"Kongwei Zhao, S. Cao, Guangbiao Xu","doi":"10.1515/aut-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The weft knitted shirt fabric has good elasticity and comfortability, but it is difficult to achieve the formability of woven shirts. In this study, 30D XLANCE® elastic fibers and 30D Lycra® elastic fibers were used, which paired with 40S cotton and 75D/36F moisture-absorbing and quick-drying polyester DTY to develop the woven shirt fabrics on a 32 needle/25.4 mm single-sided circular machine. The results indicate that the 30D XLANCE® knitted shirt fabric has undergone sufficient heat setting treatment, and its mechanical properties are close to those of the standard woven fabric, superior to 30D Lycra® and 30D XLANCE® without sufficient heat setting treatment fabrics. The ultraviolet resistance behavior of XLANCE® fabrics is significantly better than that of Lycra® fabrics. Meanwhile, the XLANCE® fabrics after heat setting still maintain the excellent elasticity and resilience, breathability, moisture absorption, and quick drying performance, and the dimensional stability after washing is also very good. In addition, compared with spandex, XLANCE® fabrics have the lower heat setting temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. It can be considered that XLANCE® elastic fibers are the ideal raw materials for the knitted woven products.","PeriodicalId":503406,"journal":{"name":"AUTEX Research Journal","volume":"192 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The omni-channel strategy, which presents a continuous purchasing experience to consumers and which provides the full integration of different channels, promises the consumers an effortless, simple, and issueless buying process. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the consumer-preferred omni-channel implementations in clothing sector. At the same time, it also aimed to make suggestions, which are based on consumer desires, to clothing producers and marketers in the light of the obtained findings. An online survey is conducted to volunteer Turkish citizens, who are at the age of 18 or elder and who are the residents of Türkiye, in order to be able to obtain the data, which are used within the scope of this study. The relationships between omni-channel implementations are analyzed using statistical methods, such as exploratory factor analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance, on the basis of clothing sector. According to the obtained study results, Turkish consumers give great importance to omni-channel strategy and its elements. More specifically, they give great importance to the integration between physical and online channels, and they prefer a full information, customer services, and price integration between channels. The study results indicate that the consumers are aware of the advantages of omni-channel strategy and they demand these factors from enterprises, brands, and retailers. The study is detailed and comprehensive on the basis of both scope and used methods. All studies are designed on the basis of clothing sector, and all analyses and evaluations are actualized on this basis. In this context, this study differs and individuates from the other studies in the literature due to these aspects. This study both contributes to the deficiencies in sector’s marketing and retailing areas and to the fulfillment of gap within the literature.
{"title":"Analysis of omni-channel implementations that are preferred by consumers in clothing sector","authors":"S. Kanat, Turan Atilgan","doi":"10.1515/aut-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The omni-channel strategy, which presents a continuous purchasing experience to consumers and which provides the full integration of different channels, promises the consumers an effortless, simple, and issueless buying process. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the consumer-preferred omni-channel implementations in clothing sector. At the same time, it also aimed to make suggestions, which are based on consumer desires, to clothing producers and marketers in the light of the obtained findings. An online survey is conducted to volunteer Turkish citizens, who are at the age of 18 or elder and who are the residents of Türkiye, in order to be able to obtain the data, which are used within the scope of this study. The relationships between omni-channel implementations are analyzed using statistical methods, such as exploratory factor analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance, on the basis of clothing sector. According to the obtained study results, Turkish consumers give great importance to omni-channel strategy and its elements. More specifically, they give great importance to the integration between physical and online channels, and they prefer a full information, customer services, and price integration between channels. The study results indicate that the consumers are aware of the advantages of omni-channel strategy and they demand these factors from enterprises, brands, and retailers. The study is detailed and comprehensive on the basis of both scope and used methods. All studies are designed on the basis of clothing sector, and all analyses and evaluations are actualized on this basis. In this context, this study differs and individuates from the other studies in the literature due to these aspects. This study both contributes to the deficiencies in sector’s marketing and retailing areas and to the fulfillment of gap within the literature.","PeriodicalId":503406,"journal":{"name":"AUTEX Research Journal","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Du, Zhuo Meng, Jianhan Hong, Zhijun Sun, Shimin Liu, Rui Chen, Yize Sun
Abstract Rotary braiding is widely used in the preparation of high-performance fiber composites. However, neither conventional rotary two-dimensional braiding nor rotary three-dimensional braiding can prepare three-dimensional preforms with low porosity and dense surface yarns. This article designs a three-dimensional cross-linked braiding equipment, describes the mechanism of carrier motion of three-dimensional cross-linked braiding, and obtains a numerical model of three-dimensional cross-linked braided preforms by establishing the spatial coordinate system of the braided chassis and using cubic B-spline curve fitting. The reasons for the large difference between the numerical model of preform and the real fabric are analyzed, and an optimization algorithm is proposed to make the fabric compact by gathering the yarn to the center of the fabric. The experimental samples are braided on a three-dimensional cross-linked braiding machine, and the reliability of the optimization algorithm is verified by comparing the yarn coordinates of the experimental samples with those of the optimized numerical model. The accurate establishment of the geometric model of the preform provides a solid foundation for carrying out the prediction of the mechanical properties of composite materials.
{"title":"Structural modeling and analysis of three-dimensional cross-linked braided preforms","authors":"C. Du, Zhuo Meng, Jianhan Hong, Zhijun Sun, Shimin Liu, Rui Chen, Yize Sun","doi":"10.1515/aut-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rotary braiding is widely used in the preparation of high-performance fiber composites. However, neither conventional rotary two-dimensional braiding nor rotary three-dimensional braiding can prepare three-dimensional preforms with low porosity and dense surface yarns. This article designs a three-dimensional cross-linked braiding equipment, describes the mechanism of carrier motion of three-dimensional cross-linked braiding, and obtains a numerical model of three-dimensional cross-linked braided preforms by establishing the spatial coordinate system of the braided chassis and using cubic B-spline curve fitting. The reasons for the large difference between the numerical model of preform and the real fabric are analyzed, and an optimization algorithm is proposed to make the fabric compact by gathering the yarn to the center of the fabric. The experimental samples are braided on a three-dimensional cross-linked braiding machine, and the reliability of the optimization algorithm is verified by comparing the yarn coordinates of the experimental samples with those of the optimized numerical model. The accurate establishment of the geometric model of the preform provides a solid foundation for carrying out the prediction of the mechanical properties of composite materials.","PeriodicalId":503406,"journal":{"name":"AUTEX Research Journal","volume":"202 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karl Kopelmann, Mathis Bruns, A. Nocke, Chokri Cherif
Abstract Warp knitting creates very challenging dynamics due to its high production speeds. On the one hand, this makes it method of choice for many products in various fields. On the other hand, not all materials are suitable for such high productivity. With the current generation of machines being limited to only achieve their maximum speed of around 4,400 min−1 with highly elastic yarns, it is desired to gain a deeper insight into yarn behavior in such highly dynamic environments. Among other influences, resonance effects gain high significance as they may result in high loads on the used materials; therefore, yarn breakages interrupt the production and decrease the quality of the product. To extend the material choice, especially high-performance fibers, for high productivity, a deep understanding of the intrinsic properties of the yarn is required. In particular, the viscoelastic properties are of importance. This study proposes a method to determine these characteristics using the dynamic mechanical analysis method. For the purpose of finding the damping in the transversal direction to the yarn axis, the variant of free oscillation is chosen. For the trials, a high-speed camera is suspended above a testing rig. On this rig, a yarn sample is clamped and then displaced from its rest position. The resulting oscillation is recorded and later extracted from the video. From the decrement of the maxima of the amplitude and corresponding time intervals, the damping factor is determined. It decreases with higher initial deflection. Summarised the developed trial setup proved suitable for the determination of the viscoelastic properties in transversal direction.
{"title":"Characterization of viscoelastic properties of yarn materials: Dynamic mechanical analysis in the transversal direction","authors":"Karl Kopelmann, Mathis Bruns, A. Nocke, Chokri Cherif","doi":"10.1515/aut-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Warp knitting creates very challenging dynamics due to its high production speeds. On the one hand, this makes it method of choice for many products in various fields. On the other hand, not all materials are suitable for such high productivity. With the current generation of machines being limited to only achieve their maximum speed of around 4,400 min−1 with highly elastic yarns, it is desired to gain a deeper insight into yarn behavior in such highly dynamic environments. Among other influences, resonance effects gain high significance as they may result in high loads on the used materials; therefore, yarn breakages interrupt the production and decrease the quality of the product. To extend the material choice, especially high-performance fibers, for high productivity, a deep understanding of the intrinsic properties of the yarn is required. In particular, the viscoelastic properties are of importance. This study proposes a method to determine these characteristics using the dynamic mechanical analysis method. For the purpose of finding the damping in the transversal direction to the yarn axis, the variant of free oscillation is chosen. For the trials, a high-speed camera is suspended above a testing rig. On this rig, a yarn sample is clamped and then displaced from its rest position. The resulting oscillation is recorded and later extracted from the video. From the decrement of the maxima of the amplitude and corresponding time intervals, the damping factor is determined. It decreases with higher initial deflection. Summarised the developed trial setup proved suitable for the determination of the viscoelastic properties in transversal direction.","PeriodicalId":503406,"journal":{"name":"AUTEX Research Journal","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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