E. J. M. Arruda-Filho, I. D. J. L. P. Gammarano, Edmilson Marcelo Corrêa Duarte
This study analyzes how users perceive the risks associated with privacy loss on social networks and behave in response to these perceived risks. Specifically, it studies how privacy literacy influences privacy-related risk perceptions concerning the usage of personal information on social networks, and the relationship between the user's privacy concerns and their sharing behavior on social media. The privacy paradox concept is evaluated in this context with respect to the ambiguous values and perceptions that social network users have, wherein they experience concerns regarding their privacy in specific environments but continue to share their information and personal content via these channels regardless. The research adopts a qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, with Facebook as the focal social network. Four categorical headlines are identified, supporting specific findings that indicate that risk perceptions concerning privacy do impact users' privacy concerns, but do not influence individuals to reduce sharing data. Thus, although some users perceive risks involved in these practices, they continue to share data, ignoring the fact that this may be to their detriment and instead focusing on characteristics that support their sharing. The findings indicate that social interaction benefits obtained from social, hedonic and utilitarian elements provided via the social network lead users to take risks regarding online self-exposure based on their desires and social values.
{"title":"Smile, YOU'RE Being Watched: Digital Privacy and Risk Perception Regarding Data Sharing on Social Networks","authors":"E. J. M. Arruda-Filho, I. D. J. L. P. Gammarano, Edmilson Marcelo Corrêa Duarte","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyzes how users perceive the risks associated with privacy loss on social networks and behave in response to these perceived risks. Specifically, it studies how privacy literacy influences privacy-related risk perceptions concerning the usage of personal information on social networks, and the relationship between the user's privacy concerns and their sharing behavior on social media. The privacy paradox concept is evaluated in this context with respect to the ambiguous values and perceptions that social network users have, wherein they experience concerns regarding their privacy in specific environments but continue to share their information and personal content via these channels regardless. The research adopts a qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, with Facebook as the focal social network. Four categorical headlines are identified, supporting specific findings that indicate that risk perceptions concerning privacy do impact users' privacy concerns, but do not influence individuals to reduce sharing data. Thus, although some users perceive risks involved in these practices, they continue to share data, ignoring the fact that this may be to their detriment and instead focusing on characteristics that support their sharing. The findings indicate that social interaction benefits obtained from social, hedonic and utilitarian elements provided via the social network lead users to take risks regarding online self-exposure based on their desires and social values.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"15 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78323986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress is a reaction of the body to external challenges, whether physical or psychological. In sports, there are stress factors that affect the athlete's performance, especially in team sports that involve short, high-intensity exercise cycles followed by short recovery periods, such as American football. The lack of stress regulation mechanisms can be detrimental to the individual and collective performance of athletes. Biofeedback systems have shown promising clinical results in regulating stress for sports competitions. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to support their efficacy, and technologies, such as virtual reality videogames, have not been extensively explored. In this article, we present the development and pilot testing of Virtual Autonomic Nervous System (VANS), a virtual reality videogame using biofeedback that supports stress management training in athletes. VANS uses an optical heart rate sensor and aims at keeping the heart rate below a given threshold to control features within the game. We evaluated the usability and user experience of VANS through a 1-week deployment study with 10 American footballers. Our results show that VANS outperformed a commercial videogame used for biofeedback training and considerably reduced stress in our participants. Therefore, VANS could provide stress management training for future matches and competitions. Finally, we reflect on aspects of our design and discuss future directions of our work.
{"title":"Developing and Evaluating a Virtual Reality Videogame Using Biofeedback for Stress Management in Sports","authors":"Arturo Morales-Tellez, Luís A. Castro, M. Tentori","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stress is a reaction of the body to external challenges, whether physical or psychological. In sports, there are stress factors that affect the athlete's performance, especially in team sports that involve short, high-intensity exercise cycles followed by short recovery periods, such as American football. The lack of stress regulation mechanisms can be detrimental to the individual and collective performance of athletes. Biofeedback systems have shown promising clinical results in regulating stress for sports competitions. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to support their efficacy, and technologies, such as virtual reality videogames, have not been extensively explored. In this article, we present the development and pilot testing of Virtual Autonomic Nervous System (VANS), a virtual reality videogame using biofeedback that supports stress management training in athletes. VANS uses an optical heart rate sensor and aims at keeping the heart rate below a given threshold to control features within the game. We evaluated the usability and user experience of VANS through a 1-week deployment study with 10 American footballers. Our results show that VANS outperformed a commercial videogame used for biofeedback training and considerably reduced stress in our participants. Therefore, VANS could provide stress management training for future matches and competitions. Finally, we reflect on aspects of our design and discuss future directions of our work.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"40 1","pages":"407-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78528824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theodoros Georgiou, L. Baillie, G. Netto, Sean Paterson
The Rohingya ethnic group is one of the most persecuted minorities, whose specific circumstances pose unique and interesting challenges. The digital revolution is transforming the world and is leaving refugees behind (UNHCR). In this paper, we present a multiphase user centred approach we used to explore how Rohingya refugees could access assistance by utilizing technology they already have or share; both early on and long after they arrived in a new country. The findings we present from phase 1, which was an early participatory design phase, were confirmed and endorsed by the Rohingya community, UNHCR and local charities during phase 3. These findings, suggest that concepts aiming to assist Rohingya refugees should primarily focus on: safety, social capital, upskilling, and language translation. Finally, we present the iterative user centred design, implementation, and evaluation of one of these concepts focusing on safety, before being deployed within the Rohingya community in Malaysia.
{"title":"Investigating Technology Concepts to Support Rohingya Refugees in Malaysia","authors":"Theodoros Georgiou, L. Baillie, G. Netto, Sean Paterson","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Rohingya ethnic group is one of the most persecuted minorities, whose specific circumstances pose unique and interesting challenges. The digital revolution is transforming the world and is leaving refugees behind (UNHCR). In this paper, we present a multiphase user centred approach we used to explore how Rohingya refugees could access assistance by utilizing technology they already have or share; both early on and long after they arrived in a new country. The findings we present from phase 1, which was an early participatory design phase, were confirmed and endorsed by the Rohingya community, UNHCR and local charities during phase 3. These findings, suggest that concepts aiming to assist Rohingya refugees should primarily focus on: safety, social capital, upskilling, and language translation. Finally, we present the iterative user centred design, implementation, and evaluation of one of these concepts focusing on safety, before being deployed within the Rohingya community in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Informed by the construal level theory (CLT) and accounting for anthropomorphism, we investigated the effectiveness of political chatbots in influencing voting intentions. This study employed a three-way analysis of variance test with a 2 (anthropomorphism: anthropomorphism vs. non-anthropomorphism) × 2 (message type: feasibility vs. desirability appeal) × 2 (political ideology: conservatives vs. liberals) between-subjects experiment (n = 360). The findings reveal that participants showed higher voting intention after conversing with a highly anthropomorphic chatbot (vs. non-anthropomorphic chatbot) and when the chatbot delivered desirability (vs. feasibility) appeals. Participants also exhibited a higher voting intention when the chatbot was less anthropomorphic and it delivered feasibility (vs. desirability) messages. Moreover, we identified the three-way interaction effects of anthropomorphism, message appeal type and political ideology on voting intention. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.
{"title":"Humanizing Chatbots for Political Campaigns: How Do Voters Respond to Feasibility and Desirability Appeals from Political Chatbots?","authors":"Yunju Kim, Heejun Lee","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Informed by the construal level theory (CLT) and accounting for anthropomorphism, we investigated the effectiveness of political chatbots in influencing voting intentions. This study employed a three-way analysis of variance test with a 2 (anthropomorphism: anthropomorphism vs. non-anthropomorphism) × 2 (message type: feasibility vs. desirability appeal) × 2 (political ideology: conservatives vs. liberals) between-subjects experiment (n = 360). The findings reveal that participants showed higher voting intention after conversing with a highly anthropomorphic chatbot (vs. non-anthropomorphic chatbot) and when the chatbot delivered desirability (vs. feasibility) appeals. Participants also exhibited a higher voting intention when the chatbot was less anthropomorphic and it delivered feasibility (vs. desirability) messages. Moreover, we identified the three-way interaction effects of anthropomorphism, message appeal type and political ideology on voting intention. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"28 1","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79873363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itzel Alessandra Reyes Flores, Carmen Mezura-Godoy, E. Benítez-Guerrero
Technologies that support co-located group activity should not only provide a shared workspace, but they should also encourage collaboration. For this, it is necessary to know the structure of the group and how the members of the group work in order to achieve a common goal. In this paper, an observational study of groups of students interacting in a tangible user interface was performed. This study allowed us to identify social interactions and phenomena that can affect the collaboration and performance of the group. These phenomena can be for instance that some members of the group may contribute to the activity, while others may not. In order to minimize these phenomena in a co-located group activity, we propose interactions, which we call social interventions, that might be used by a coaching system to encourage group collaboration in co-located settings.
{"title":"Social Interventions to Encourage Co-Located Collaborative Learning in a Tangible User Interface","authors":"Itzel Alessandra Reyes Flores, Carmen Mezura-Godoy, E. Benítez-Guerrero","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Technologies that support co-located group activity should not only provide a shared workspace, but they should also encourage collaboration. For this, it is necessary to know the structure of the group and how the members of the group work in order to achieve a common goal. In this paper, an observational study of groups of students interacting in a tangible user interface was performed. This study allowed us to identify social interactions and phenomena that can affect the collaboration and performance of the group. These phenomena can be for instance that some members of the group may contribute to the activity, while others may not. In order to minimize these phenomena in a co-located group activity, we propose interactions, which we call social interventions, that might be used by a coaching system to encourage group collaboration in co-located settings.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"112 1","pages":"330-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87648422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami Koivunen, Otto Sahlgren, Saara Ala-Luopa, Thomas Olsson
The practices of organizational talent acquisition are rapidly transforming as a result of the proliferation of information systems that support decision-making, ranging from applicant tracking systems to recruitment chatbots. As part of human resource management (HRM), talent acquisition covers recruitment and team-assembly activities and is allegedly in dire need for digital aid. We analyze the pitfalls and tensions of digitalization in this area through a lens that builds on the interdisciplinary literature related to digital ethics. Using three relevant landmark papers, we analyzed qualitative data from 47 interviews of HRM professionals in Finland, including team-assembly facilitators and recruitment experts. The analysis highlights 14 potential tensions and pitfalls, such as the tension between requesting detailed data versus respecting privacy and the pitfall of unequal treatment across application channels. We identify that the values of autonomy, fairness and utility are often especially at risk of being compromised. We discuss the tendency of the binary considerations related to human and automated decision making, and the reasons for the incompatibility between current digital systems and organizations’ needs for talent acquisition.
{"title":"Pitfalls and Tensions in Digitalizing Talent Acquisition: An Analysis of HRM Professionals’ Considerations Related to Digital Ethics","authors":"Sami Koivunen, Otto Sahlgren, Saara Ala-Luopa, Thomas Olsson","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The practices of organizational talent acquisition are rapidly transforming as a result of the proliferation of information systems that support decision-making, ranging from applicant tracking systems to recruitment chatbots. As part of human resource management (HRM), talent acquisition covers recruitment and team-assembly activities and is allegedly in dire need for digital aid. We analyze the pitfalls and tensions of digitalization in this area through a lens that builds on the interdisciplinary literature related to digital ethics. Using three relevant landmark papers, we analyzed qualitative data from 47 interviews of HRM professionals in Finland, including team-assembly facilitators and recruitment experts. The analysis highlights 14 potential tensions and pitfalls, such as the tension between requesting detailed data versus respecting privacy and the pitfall of unequal treatment across application channels. We identify that the values of autonomy, fairness and utility are often especially at risk of being compromised. We discuss the tendency of the binary considerations related to human and automated decision making, and the reasons for the incompatibility between current digital systems and organizations’ needs for talent acquisition.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Suhaimi, Yixuan Zhang, Nutchanon Yongsatianchot, Joseph D. Gaggiano, Anne Okrah, Shivani A. Patel, S. Marsella, Miso Kim, Andrea G. Parker, Jacqueline A. Griffin
We stumble upon new and repeating information daily. As information comes from many sources, social media continues to play a predominant role in disseminating information, ultimately impacting individuals’ perceptions and behaviors. A prime example of this impact was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which social media use was influencing willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While studies on this relationship between social media use and vaccination intent have been widely investigated, less is known about the mechanisms that link these two variables, specifically the types of information seen on social media platforms and the effects of these different types of information. In this exploratory study, we demonstrate the mediator role of information exposure (to include both types of information and frequency) between social media use and vaccination intent. Our results show that different types of information mediate this relationship differently and demonstrate how these relationships were further moderated by the income level of the participant. We conclude with the implications of these findings and how our findings can inform the direction of future research within the field of human–computer interaction.
{"title":"Social Media Use and COVID-19 Vaccination Intent: An Exploratory Study on the Mediating Role of Information Exposure","authors":"Nurul Suhaimi, Yixuan Zhang, Nutchanon Yongsatianchot, Joseph D. Gaggiano, Anne Okrah, Shivani A. Patel, S. Marsella, Miso Kim, Andrea G. Parker, Jacqueline A. Griffin","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We stumble upon new and repeating information daily. As information comes from many sources, social media continues to play a predominant role in disseminating information, ultimately impacting individuals’ perceptions and behaviors. A prime example of this impact was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which social media use was influencing willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While studies on this relationship between social media use and vaccination intent have been widely investigated, less is known about the mechanisms that link these two variables, specifically the types of information seen on social media platforms and the effects of these different types of information. In this exploratory study, we demonstrate the mediator role of information exposure (to include both types of information and frequency) between social media use and vaccination intent. Our results show that different types of information mediate this relationship differently and demonstrate how these relationships were further moderated by the income level of the participant. We conclude with the implications of these findings and how our findings can inform the direction of future research within the field of human–computer interaction.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Joana Gabriela Ribeiro de Souza, R. Prates, A. P. Freire
Accessibility--> inspection methods provide an important complement to user evaluations in the development of interactive systems. However, many inspection methods tend to focus on violations of guidelines and are limited in conveying the impact of such problems when delivering their results. Drawing from the theoretical framework of Semiotic Engineering of Human–Computer Interaction, this paper presents SIM-SR—Semiotic Inspection Method Mediated by Screen Reader and an investigation to collect indicators about the method’s applicability and insights it can generate. In order to assess its applicability, we conducted three case studies employing the method, analysing how aspects of accessibility and communicability were approached and results generated. Regarding SIM-SR insights, we used WCAG 2.1 criteria to discuss how communicative breakdowns relate to accessibility guidelines and their impact. Our results show that SIM-SR went beyond identifying guidelines violations and led evaluators to consider the impact of accessibility issues on the system’s communicability and different levels of communicative breakdowns that users with visual disabilities could experience during interaction.
可访问性->检查方法为交互式系统开发中的用户评估提供了重要的补充。然而，许多检查方法倾向于关注违反指导方针的情况，并且在交付结果时在传达此类问题的影响方面受到限制。本文借鉴人机交互符号工程的理论框架，提出了以屏幕阅读器为中介的sim - sr -符号检测方法，并进行了调查，收集了该方法的适用性指标和产生的见解。为了评估其适用性，我们使用该方法进行了三个案例研究，分析了如何处理可访问性和可沟通性的各个方面以及产生的结果。关于SIM-SR的见解，我们使用WCAG 2.1标准来讨论沟通故障如何与可访问性指南及其影响相关。我们的研究结果表明，SIM-SR超越了识别准则违规，并引导评估者考虑无障碍问题对系统可沟通性的影响，以及视觉障碍用户在交互过程中可能经历的不同程度的沟通障碍。
{"title":"SIM-SR - Semiotic Inspection Method Mediated by Screen Reader: Analysing the Benefits of Bringing Communicability to the Accessibility Evaluation Table","authors":"Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Joana Gabriela Ribeiro de Souza, R. Prates, A. P. Freire","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accessibility--> inspection methods provide an important complement to user evaluations in the development of interactive systems. However, many inspection methods tend to focus on violations of guidelines and are limited in conveying the impact of such problems when delivering their results. Drawing from the theoretical framework of Semiotic Engineering of Human–Computer Interaction, this paper presents SIM-SR—Semiotic Inspection Method Mediated by Screen Reader and an investigation to collect indicators about the method’s applicability and insights it can generate. In order to assess its applicability, we conducted three case studies employing the method, analysing how aspects of accessibility and communicability were approached and results generated. Regarding SIM-SR insights, we used WCAG 2.1 criteria to discuss how communicative breakdowns relate to accessibility guidelines and their impact. Our results show that SIM-SR went beyond identifying guidelines violations and led evaluators to consider the impact of accessibility issues on the system’s communicability and different levels of communicative breakdowns that users with visual disabilities could experience during interaction.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"10 1","pages":"276-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85867674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-disclosure in human–chatbot relationship (HCR) formation has attracted substantial interest. According to social penetration theory, self-disclosure varies in breadth and depth and is influenced by perceived rewards and costs. While previous research has addressed self-disclosure in the context of chatbots, little is known about users' qualitative understanding of such self-disclosure and how self-disclosure develops in HCR. To close this gap, we conducted a 12-week qualitative longitudinal study (n = 28) with biweekly questionnaire-based check-ins. Our results show that while HCRs display substantial conversational breadth, with topics spanning from emotional issues to everyday activities, this may be reduced as the HCR matures. Our results also motivate a nuanced understanding of conversational depth, where even conversations about daily activities or play and fantasy can be experienced as personal or intimate. Finally, our analysis demonstrates that conversational depth can develop in at least four ways, influenced by perceived rewards and costs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"A Longitudinal Study of Self-Disclosure in Human-Chatbot Relationships","authors":"Marita Skjuve, Asbjørn Følstad, P. Brandtzæg","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Self-disclosure in human–chatbot relationship (HCR) formation has attracted substantial interest. According to social penetration theory, self-disclosure varies in breadth and depth and is influenced by perceived rewards and costs. While previous research has addressed self-disclosure in the context of chatbots, little is known about users' qualitative understanding of such self-disclosure and how self-disclosure develops in HCR. To close this gap, we conducted a 12-week qualitative longitudinal study (n = 28) with biweekly questionnaire-based check-ins. Our results show that while HCRs display substantial conversational breadth, with topics spanning from emotional issues to everyday activities, this may be reduced as the HCR matures. Our results also motivate a nuanced understanding of conversational depth, where even conversations about daily activities or play and fantasy can be experienced as personal or intimate. Finally, our analysis demonstrates that conversational depth can develop in at least four ways, influenced by perceived rewards and costs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"39 1","pages":"24-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79261943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sherlon Almeida da Silva, E. Milios, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira
Retrieving information from document collections is necessary in many contexts, e.g. researchers search for papers on a topic, physicians search for records of patients with a certain condition and police investigators seek relationships between different criminal reports. Finding relevant textual content in a corpus can be challenging in scenarios where the users expect a retrieval process with high recall. Visual Analytics (VA) systems that integrate interactive visualizations and machine learning algorithms are often advocated to support retrieval tasks in such complex scenarios. However, few studies report an end-user perspective on the utility of such systems. We present results from observational studies on VA-supported information retrieval conducted with graduate students and researchers using a system to explore collections of scientific papers. While users have, in general, positive views of the system’s potential to facilitate their retrieval tasks, some faced practical difficulties in using it effectively, and we found considerable variation in their assessment of specific functionalities. Our findings reinforce the potential of VA systems and also the importance of carefully informing users of the underlying conceptual models in such systems and their limitations.
{"title":"Evaluating Visual Analytics for Relevant Information Retrieval in Document Collections","authors":"Sherlon Almeida da Silva, E. Milios, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/iwc/iwad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwad019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Retrieving information from document collections is necessary in many contexts, e.g. researchers search for papers on a topic, physicians search for records of patients with a certain condition and police investigators seek relationships between different criminal reports. Finding relevant textual content in a corpus can be challenging in scenarios where the users expect a retrieval process with high recall. Visual Analytics (VA) systems that integrate interactive visualizations and machine learning algorithms are often advocated to support retrieval tasks in such complex scenarios. However, few studies report an end-user perspective on the utility of such systems. We present results from observational studies on VA-supported information retrieval conducted with graduate students and researchers using a system to explore collections of scientific papers. While users have, in general, positive views of the system’s potential to facilitate their retrieval tasks, some faced practical difficulties in using it effectively, and we found considerable variation in their assessment of specific functionalities. Our findings reinforce the potential of VA systems and also the importance of carefully informing users of the underlying conceptual models in such systems and their limitations.","PeriodicalId":50354,"journal":{"name":"Interacting with Computers","volume":"21 1","pages":"247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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