Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1457
D. Shireesh, N. Srinivasa Rao, S. Kalahasti, B. Sanjeeva Rao
Gamma irradiation effects on methyl methacrylate (MMA) – methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymer were investigated by spectroscopic (ESR, FTIR) and thermal (DSC) methods. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the irradiated copolymer are analysed to be caused by different component spectra from the free radicals (~ CH2 – CH – CH2 ~ and – COOH or – COOCH3) as per computer simulation analysis. The ESR signals could be annealed near the transition temperature of the copolymer, and the free radicals formed irradiation might react to form stable structures at transition temperatures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies suggested that the 3380 cm-1 absorption band (due to COOH groups and or hydrogen bonding) and 1734 cm-1 absorption band (due to carbonyl groups) were mostly affected by irradiation. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermogram indicated that the copolymer is a two-phase system (PMMA and PMAA), and transition temperatures are influenced by gamma irradiation. The dosimetric application of copolymer is tested by the ESR technique, and it was found suitable for dosimetry.
{"title":"Spectroscopic and Thermal Investigations on Methyl Methacrylate – co – Methacrylic Acid Copolymer","authors":"D. Shireesh, N. Srinivasa Rao, S. Kalahasti, B. Sanjeeva Rao","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1457","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma irradiation effects on methyl methacrylate (MMA) – methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymer were investigated by spectroscopic (ESR, FTIR) and thermal (DSC) methods. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the irradiated copolymer are analysed to be caused by different component spectra from the free radicals (~ CH2 – CH – CH2 ~ and – COOH or – COOCH3) as per computer simulation analysis. The ESR signals could be annealed near the transition temperature of the copolymer, and the free radicals formed irradiation might react to form stable structures at transition temperatures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies suggested that the 3380 cm-1 absorption band (due to COOH groups and or hydrogen bonding) and 1734 cm-1 absorption band (due to carbonyl groups) were mostly affected by irradiation. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermogram indicated that the copolymer is a two-phase system (PMMA and PMAA), and transition temperatures are influenced by gamma irradiation. The dosimetric application of copolymer is tested by the ESR technique, and it was found suitable for dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1442
B. Piluharto, Adi Kurniawan Efendi, D. Indarti, A. Asnawati, Agus Wedi Pratama
In this study, liquid smoke from coconut shells, sengon wood, and corn cobs has been produced and redistilled. The change of colour, pH value, and chemical components of liquid smoke (LS) and redistilled liquid smoke (r-LS) have been studied. Redistillation was carried out at about 100–105 °C for 3 hours. The results show that the colour of r-LS from the three biomass sources is lighter than LS. The pH values slightly decreased for coconut shell, sengon wood, and corn cobs, from 3.63 to 3.40, 4.42 to 3.39, and 3.53 to 3.36, respectively. This result is caused by the evaporation of volatile compounds. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the chemical components showed that all the main components of liquid smoke decreased after redistillation, except for the esters component, which increased in coconut shell and corn cobs, from 2.98% to 64.36% and 2.98% to 8.07%, respectively.
{"title":"Physical and Chemical Components Characteristics of Liquid Smoke Redistillation from Different Biomass Sources","authors":"B. Piluharto, Adi Kurniawan Efendi, D. Indarti, A. Asnawati, Agus Wedi Pratama","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1442","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, liquid smoke from coconut shells, sengon wood, and corn cobs has been produced and redistilled. The change of colour, pH value, and chemical components of liquid smoke (LS) and redistilled liquid smoke (r-LS) have been studied. Redistillation was carried out at about 100–105 °C for 3 hours. The results show that the colour of r-LS from the three biomass sources is lighter than LS. The pH values slightly decreased for coconut shell, sengon wood, and corn cobs, from 3.63 to 3.40, 4.42 to 3.39, and 3.53 to 3.36, respectively. This result is caused by the evaporation of volatile compounds. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the chemical components showed that all the main components of liquid smoke decreased after redistillation, except for the esters component, which increased in coconut shell and corn cobs, from 2.98% to 64.36% and 2.98% to 8.07%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1374
Nisha Ng, Prabitha V.G, Lekshmi G
In forensic blood pattern analysis, the conventional trajectory reconstruction methods are based on trigonometric principles. Most of these approaches do not take into account the fluid properties of blood, a non-Newtonian fluid, leading to enormous uncertainties. For perpendicular impact blood stains, simple mathematical models based on fluid dynamics are used to determine the spreading factor and number of spines. We evaluate some of the mathematical models in this study with experimental data obtained as a function of impact height using a blood substitute. A blood substitute, which has comparable fluid properties as human blood, was preferred because using human blood for laboratory purpose has many ethical issues. The study shows that the spreading pattern and number of spines obtained from the low-velocity drip stains of circular shape using the blood substitute improves the prediction accuracy of the blood source’s vertical height from target surface. We also conducted a qualitative analysis of its spreading mechanism on different substrates with regard to surface roughness. The results indicate that a reconstructional analysis for the drip stains is possible using the suggested blood substitute. More research has to be done for evaluating its performance in all velocity ranges and all impact angles.
{"title":"A Blood Substitute for Blood Pattern Analysis of Low-Velocity Passive Stains – Its Implications in the Examination of Crime Scenes","authors":"Nisha Ng, Prabitha V.G, Lekshmi G","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1374","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic blood pattern analysis, the conventional trajectory reconstruction methods are based on trigonometric principles. Most of these approaches do not take into account the fluid properties of blood, a non-Newtonian fluid, leading to enormous uncertainties. For perpendicular impact blood stains, simple mathematical models based on fluid dynamics are used to determine the spreading factor and number of spines. We evaluate some of the mathematical models in this study with experimental data obtained as a function of impact height using a blood substitute. A blood substitute, which has comparable fluid properties as human blood, was preferred because using human blood for laboratory purpose has many ethical issues. The study shows that the spreading pattern and number of spines obtained from the low-velocity drip stains of circular shape using the blood substitute improves the prediction accuracy of the blood source’s vertical height from target surface. We also conducted a qualitative analysis of its spreading mechanism on different substrates with regard to surface roughness. The results indicate that a reconstructional analysis for the drip stains is possible using the suggested blood substitute. More research has to be done for evaluating its performance in all velocity ranges and all impact angles.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1588
E. S. Palupi, Bambang Retnoaji, Pudji Astuti, F. Alamsyah, R. Pratiwi
An external electric field is still debatable for cancer treatment, although many study results proved its capacity. Cancer involves complex mechanisms, including how the cancer cells arise and grow. Thus, this disease is known to have many hallmarks. This condition complicates precise and accurate treatment. The study proved that an external electric field has prospects to become an effective cancer treatment, demonstrated by its ability to inhibit cancer growth through anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic capacities. Several devices generating electric fields for cancer treatment were Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields), nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEF), picosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (psPEF), and Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT). This article will compare those devices’ efficacy, safety, treatment methods, and research progress, including the advantages and disadvantages of static electric field devices and future research prospects. More attention will be focused on ECCT, which has been closely and profoundly investigated in breast cancer treatment.
{"title":"The Specificity and Efficacy of Alternating Electric Fields as a Prospective Cancer Treatment","authors":"E. S. Palupi, Bambang Retnoaji, Pudji Astuti, F. Alamsyah, R. Pratiwi","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1588","url":null,"abstract":"An external electric field is still debatable for cancer treatment, although many study results proved its capacity. Cancer involves complex mechanisms, including how the cancer cells arise and grow. Thus, this disease is known to have many hallmarks. This condition complicates precise and accurate treatment. The study proved that an external electric field has prospects to become an effective cancer treatment, demonstrated by its ability to inhibit cancer growth through anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic capacities. Several devices generating electric fields for cancer treatment were Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields), nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEF), picosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (psPEF), and Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT). This article will compare those devices’ efficacy, safety, treatment methods, and research progress, including the advantages and disadvantages of static electric field devices and future research prospects. More attention will be focused on ECCT, which has been closely and profoundly investigated in breast cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1044
Ziham Zawawi Mazlan, Hutkemri Zulnaidi
GeoGebra is a type of Dynamic Geometric Software (DGS) that has been widely used to teach Mathematics. A substantial research study was done to investigate the effectiveness of GeoGebra to enhance students’ learning in mathematics from varied dimensions. In this research, a systematic review of the effectiveness of GeoGebra to enhance students’ learning in mathematics from varied dimensions was conducted using PRISMA’s procedure. The use of GeoGebra as one of STEM education instrument has yet to be discovered. Thus, the further study of its effectiveness is needed. 11 articles between 2011-2020 have been analysed. The distribution of the accessed articles over the years were up and down by heading to its declining trend from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of origin in the accessed articles by country of origin shows that Asia dominated this study with six articles (55%), while Africa with three articles (27%) and North America and Europe, respectively produced one paper (9%). All accessed articles conclusively stated that GeoGebra can improve students and pupils cognitive and affective dimensions. In terms of gender difference, the conclusive findings show no gender difference on the effectiveness of GeoGebra in the teaching and learning of mathematics.
{"title":"The Nature of Gender Difference in The Effectiveness of GeoGebra","authors":"Ziham Zawawi Mazlan, Hutkemri Zulnaidi","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1044","url":null,"abstract":"GeoGebra is a type of Dynamic Geometric Software (DGS) that has been widely used to teach Mathematics. A substantial research study was done to investigate the effectiveness of GeoGebra to enhance students’ learning in mathematics from varied dimensions. In this research, a systematic review of the effectiveness of GeoGebra to enhance students’ learning in mathematics from varied dimensions was conducted using PRISMA’s procedure. The use of GeoGebra as one of STEM education instrument has yet to be discovered. Thus, the further study of its effectiveness is needed. 11 articles between 2011-2020 have been analysed. The distribution of the accessed articles over the years were up and down by heading to its declining trend from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of origin in the accessed articles by country of origin shows that Asia dominated this study with six articles (55%), while Africa with three articles (27%) and North America and Europe, respectively produced one paper (9%). All accessed articles conclusively stated that GeoGebra can improve students and pupils cognitive and affective dimensions. In terms of gender difference, the conclusive findings show no gender difference on the effectiveness of GeoGebra in the teaching and learning of mathematics.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1038
Nurul Sima Mohamad Shariff, Anis Hanani Azhar, Muhammad Safwan Ibrahim
Saving for the future, especially for life after retirement, is a critical issue often debated. Early savings planning needs to be paid serious attention to ensure a good and comfortable life after retirement. However, behaviour towards savings for retirement is related to money attitude as it is how an individual behaves or reacts to money. Each person is believed to have different views and behaviours towards money and income, especially regarding retirement savings. As such, this study aims to investigate the effect of money attitudes on retirement savings behaviour. The survey approach was employed and conducted using questionnaires developed by adopting several studies and then randomly distributed via an online platform. A total of 160 respondents from 250 targeted respondents successfully answered the questionnaire and were used for further analysis. The collected sample suggested a successful response rate of 64%, more than enough to allow for population-wide generalisation of the findings. The analyses conducted were the pilot test for the initial screening of the items in the questionnaire, descriptive statistics, multicollinearity test, and the ordered Probit model. This study revealed mixed findings on the relationship between the type of money attitudes and retirement savings behaviour, indicating that people with different attitudes towards money will have different perceptions of savings for retirement.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of The Impact of Money Attitudes on Retirement Savings Behaviour in Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Sima Mohamad Shariff, Anis Hanani Azhar, Muhammad Safwan Ibrahim","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1038","url":null,"abstract":"Saving for the future, especially for life after retirement, is a critical issue often debated. Early savings planning needs to be paid serious attention to ensure a good and comfortable life after retirement. However, behaviour towards savings for retirement is related to money attitude as it is how an individual behaves or reacts to money. Each person is believed to have different views and behaviours towards money and income, especially regarding retirement savings. As such, this study aims to investigate the effect of money attitudes on retirement savings behaviour. The survey approach was employed and conducted using questionnaires developed by adopting several studies and then randomly distributed via an online platform. A total of 160 respondents from 250 targeted respondents successfully answered the questionnaire and were used for further analysis. The collected sample suggested a successful response rate of 64%, more than enough to allow for population-wide generalisation of the findings. The analyses conducted were the pilot test for the initial screening of the items in the questionnaire, descriptive statistics, multicollinearity test, and the ordered Probit model. This study revealed mixed findings on the relationship between the type of money attitudes and retirement savings behaviour, indicating that people with different attitudes towards money will have different perceptions of savings for retirement.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1455
Nor Suliana Mustafa, Mohd Nazri Mohd Daud, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan, N. Mohamad, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Nelbon Giloi
MDMA (3, 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive drug under the amphetamine-type stimulant group. While the modulatory effects of MDMA on serotonin neurotransmission and its neurotoxicity in the central nervous system are well studied, MDMA’s effects on modulating microglial neuroimmune functions have attracted considerable attention. Resident glial cells, including microglia in the brain, are implicated in contributing to MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. In their response to the disturbances around neurons, microglia can take on the role of the first line of defence against pathogens by the production of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). They also can act as anti-inflammatory mediators to initiate recovery from an insult. Hence, the current review illuminates MDMA-induced neurotoxicity by summarising studies reporting microglial activation after MDMA exposure in vitro and in vivo. A modulation between cytotoxic states to a neuroprotective state of microglia probably can make up an important strategy to reduce the negative impairments made by MDMA on neuronal cells by targeting microglial cells.
{"title":"Role of Microglia in 3, 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) -Induced Neurotoxicity: A Mini Review","authors":"Nor Suliana Mustafa, Mohd Nazri Mohd Daud, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan, N. Mohamad, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Nelbon Giloi","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1455","url":null,"abstract":"MDMA (3, 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive drug under the amphetamine-type stimulant group. While the modulatory effects of MDMA on serotonin neurotransmission and its neurotoxicity in the central nervous system are well studied, MDMA’s effects on modulating microglial neuroimmune functions have attracted considerable attention. Resident glial cells, including microglia in the brain, are implicated in contributing to MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. In their response to the disturbances around neurons, microglia can take on the role of the first line of defence against pathogens by the production of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). They also can act as anti-inflammatory mediators to initiate recovery from an insult. Hence, the current review illuminates MDMA-induced neurotoxicity by summarising studies reporting microglial activation after MDMA exposure in vitro and in vivo. A modulation between cytotoxic states to a neuroprotective state of microglia probably can make up an important strategy to reduce the negative impairments made by MDMA on neuronal cells by targeting microglial cells.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1015
Nur Sarah Fatihah Tamsi, Maryam Zahaba, Amirul Faiz Kamaruddin, Norhidayah Abdull, Arman Ariffin, Mohammad Naufal Mohammad Sharif
Good indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for navy crew due to longer periods onboard, especially during pandemic. Increased frequency of the ship’s operations is required to prevent trespassing and illegal border crossings. This study aims to determine and compare the indoor air chemical parameters; carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) at different ship conditions (alongside and sailing) and engine sequences (idling, cruising, full ahead and slowing down). The parameters were measured in four compartments, following the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 (ICOP IAQ 2010). At different ship conditions, there were significant differences of indoor air chemical parameters in the common room, electrical room, and accommodation area 2. However, no trend of higher or lower concentrations was observed between the conditions due to ship operation, human activities, and occupancy. The engine sequences affect the indoor air chemical parameters, where the CO concentrations were recorded higher in all compartments, especially when the engine was running at 1000 rpm. In conclusion, the navy crew could be exposed to unacceptable IAQ conditions regardless of ship conditions and engine sequences. It is good to highlight that good ventilation is crucial to dilute the air pollutants onboard.
{"title":"Concentration of Indoor Air Chemical Parameters at Different Ship Conditions and Engine Sequences","authors":"Nur Sarah Fatihah Tamsi, Maryam Zahaba, Amirul Faiz Kamaruddin, Norhidayah Abdull, Arman Ariffin, Mohammad Naufal Mohammad Sharif","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Good indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for navy crew due to longer periods onboard, especially during pandemic. Increased frequency of the ship’s operations is required to prevent trespassing and illegal border crossings. This study aims to determine and compare the indoor air chemical parameters; carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) at different ship conditions (alongside and sailing) and engine sequences (idling, cruising, full ahead and slowing down). The parameters were measured in four compartments, following the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 (ICOP IAQ 2010). At different ship conditions, there were significant differences of indoor air chemical parameters in the common room, electrical room, and accommodation area 2. However, no trend of higher or lower concentrations was observed between the conditions due to ship operation, human activities, and occupancy. The engine sequences affect the indoor air chemical parameters, where the CO concentrations were recorded higher in all compartments, especially when the engine was running at 1000 rpm. In conclusion, the navy crew could be exposed to unacceptable IAQ conditions regardless of ship conditions and engine sequences. It is good to highlight that good ventilation is crucial to dilute the air pollutants onboard.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1465
N. Redzwan, Rozita Ramli, Pavitra Sivasundaram
Mortality studies are very important in demography and actuarial areas because they assist policymakers and life insurers in managing longevity and mortality risks. In recent decades, many extrapolative mortality models have been developed following the Lee-Carter model. Despite the widely used Lee-Carter model for projecting mortality rates, the literature that has a thorough explanation of it is limited. In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive explanation of the model with a focus on its fitting and simulation forecasting techniques. We fitted the mortality rates of the Malaysian population for the years 1991 to 2012 using the Lee-Carter model. We then projected the mortality rates for the years 2013 to 2018 using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (0,1,0) model by using a simulation of the mortality index. Findings showed that the Lee-Carter model performs well for this dataset based on the computed standard accuracy measures. The estimated age parameters exhibited a high mortality rate in the age group of 0-4 years, while the estimated time-varying parameter indicated a decreasing trend. This study presents a thorough interpretation of the Lee-Carter model and a detailed simulation of the ARIMA (0,1,0) model and hence provides a comprehensive reference for beginners in mortality studies.
{"title":"Mortality Index Simulation for Forecasting Malaysian Mortality Rates","authors":"N. Redzwan, Rozita Ramli, Pavitra Sivasundaram","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1465","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality studies are very important in demography and actuarial areas because they assist policymakers and life insurers in managing longevity and mortality risks. In recent decades, many extrapolative mortality models have been developed following the Lee-Carter model. Despite the widely used Lee-Carter model for projecting mortality rates, the literature that has a thorough explanation of it is limited. In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive explanation of the model with a focus on its fitting and simulation forecasting techniques. We fitted the mortality rates of the Malaysian population for the years 1991 to 2012 using the Lee-Carter model. We then projected the mortality rates for the years 2013 to 2018 using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (0,1,0) model by using a simulation of the mortality index. Findings showed that the Lee-Carter model performs well for this dataset based on the computed standard accuracy measures. The estimated age parameters exhibited a high mortality rate in the age group of 0-4 years, while the estimated time-varying parameter indicated a decreasing trend. This study presents a thorough interpretation of the Lee-Carter model and a detailed simulation of the ARIMA (0,1,0) model and hence provides a comprehensive reference for beginners in mortality studies.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.873
N. A. Manaf, Z. F. Mohd Shadzalli, Nursyuhada’ Kamarulzaman
The escalating concern over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from solid waste treatment and fossil fuel power plants has garnered global attention, including in Malaysia. Abundant agricultural waste (AW) and organic municipal solid waste (MSW) in this region hold promise as potential replacements for fossil fuels, offering a pathway to generate electricity while reducing GHG emissions. The innovative gasification approach, particularly the combined heat and power (CHP) system, emerges as a viable solution to address these challenges. However, the operational design of conventional gasification processes typically using a single type of fuel from various discarded resources, such as agricultural waste (e.g., woodchips and coconut shells) and organic MSW, remains controversial. To address these concerns, the present study investigates the power pallet system's capability and reliability to generate electricity from diverse mixed ratios of organic MSW to agricultural waste via a simulation approach. The results demonstrated that power generation remained above 20kW for all mix ratios. It was observed that as the ratio of MSW increased, the composition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide decreased. These trends suggest that power generation is influenced by the syngas yield, which correlates with the quality of the feedstock.
{"title":"Flexible Feedstock Analysis of Biomass Gasification Process for Carbon-Negative Energy Technology via Aspen Plus Simulation","authors":"N. A. Manaf, Z. F. Mohd Shadzalli, Nursyuhada’ Kamarulzaman","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.873","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating concern over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from solid waste treatment and fossil fuel power plants has garnered global attention, including in Malaysia. Abundant agricultural waste (AW) and organic municipal solid waste (MSW) in this region hold promise as potential replacements for fossil fuels, offering a pathway to generate electricity while reducing GHG emissions. The innovative gasification approach, particularly the combined heat and power (CHP) system, emerges as a viable solution to address these challenges. However, the operational design of conventional gasification processes typically using a single type of fuel from various discarded resources, such as agricultural waste (e.g., woodchips and coconut shells) and organic MSW, remains controversial. To address these concerns, the present study investigates the power pallet system's capability and reliability to generate electricity from diverse mixed ratios of organic MSW to agricultural waste via a simulation approach. The results demonstrated that power generation remained above 20kW for all mix ratios. It was observed that as the ratio of MSW increased, the composition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide decreased. These trends suggest that power generation is influenced by the syngas yield, which correlates with the quality of the feedstock.","PeriodicalId":503593,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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