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Taxonomic Status of the Far Eastern Cattail Typha japonica Miq. (T. sect. Ebracteolatae) in the Context of Its First Record in Russia 远东香蒲 Typha japonica Miq.(T. sect.
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s199508292402007x
O. A. Kapitonova, E. A. Belyakov, E. V. Mavrodiev

Abstract

Japanese cattail (Typha japonica Miq., section Ebracteolatae) has been restored to its valid taxonomic status and listed as one of the floras of the outmost southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands for the first time. These are the first records of T. japonica in Russia. With the unique geography and current molecular data (rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer), the latter cattail's combination of morphological characters clearly distinguishes it from all other species of sect. Ebracteolatae (including T. caspica Pobed., T. elata Boreau, and T. tzvelevii Mavrodiev), and also from all currently known bract-less species of Typha, including the Eastern cattail (T. orientalis C.Presl.), with which T. japonica was arbitrarily synonymized previously.

摘要日本香蒲(Typha japonica Miq.这些都是 T. japonica 在俄罗斯的首次记录。由于其独特的地理位置和当前的分子数据(rpl32-trnL 基因间距),后一种香蒲的形态特征组合使其明显有别于所有其他科的物种。T. elata Boreau 和 T. tzvelevii Mavrodiev),也区别于目前已知的所有无苞片的香蒲物种,包括东方香蒲(T. orientalis C. Presl.
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引用次数: 0
Microplastic Content in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Some Fish Species of Lake Kubenskoe (Vologda Oblast) 库宾斯科伊湖(沃洛格达州)部分鱼类胃肠道中的微塑料含量
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020196
N. Yu. Tropin, S. N. Rakhmatullina, E. D. Vorobiev, D. S. Vorobiev, Yu. A. Frank

Abstract

A quantitative assessment of microplastic (MP) content has been conducted in the gastrointestinal tract of perch, roach, and bream in Lake Kubenskое in Vologda oblast. MPs are detected in 60% of bream specimens and 43% of perch specimens. Plastic microparticles are not found in the gastrointestinal tract of the roach. It is found that the average number of MP particles is 1.6 ± 0.4 items per bream individual and 4.2 ± 1.4 items of MP per perch individual. MPs in the gastrointestinal tract of fish are mainly fibers, with a small proportion of fragments and films. No significant differences (р > 0.05) in the content of MPs in the gastrointestinal tract of benthivorous (bream) and euryphagous (perch) fish are found. These data are the first evidence of the presence of MPs in fish in the water bodies of Vologda oblast.

摘要 对沃洛格达州库宾斯基ое湖中的鲈鱼、蟑螂和鳊鱼的胃肠道中的微塑料(MP)含量进行了定量评估。在 60% 的鳊鱼标本和 43% 的鲈鱼标本中检测到了 MP。在蟑螂的胃肠道中没有发现塑料微粒。研究发现,每条鳊鱼和每条鲈鱼的MP微粒平均数量分别为1.6 ± 0.4个和4.2 ± 1.4个。鱼类胃肠道中的 MP 主要是纤维,小部分是碎片和薄膜。在底食性鱼类(鳊鱼)和食食性鱼类(鲈鱼)的胃肠道中,MPs 的含量无明显差异(р > 0.05)。这些数据首次证明了沃洛格达州水体中鱼类体内存在 MPs。
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引用次数: 0
Early Detection of Contamination with Microplastics by Changing the Phototaxis of Freshwater Mesozooplankton to Paired Photostimulation 通过改变淡水中生浮游动物的趋光性以进行成对光照刺激来早期检测微塑料污染
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020056
V. V. Dyomin, Yu. N. Morgalev, S. Yu. Morgalev, T. G. Morgaleva, A. Yu. Davydova, I. G. Polovtsev, O. V. Kondratova, A. A. Kosiakova, A. K. Mostovaya

Abstract

Our previous studies showed that the change in the plankton response to light could be an indicator of environmental pollution. This study experimentally reveals that the response of Daphnia magna Straus and Daphnia pulex plankton ensembles to photostimulation depends on the intensity of the attracting light. This makes it difficult to identify the occurrence and change of pollutant concentration. The large variability in the magnitude of the behavioral response is caused by the nonlinear response of plankton ensembles to the intensity of the attractor stimulus. As the intensity of the photostimulation increases, the variability of the phototropic response passes through increase, decrease, and relative stabilization phases. This paper proposes a modification of the photostimulation method: paired photostimulation involving the successive exposure to two photostimuli of increasing intensity. The first stimulus stabilizes the behavioral response, while the increase in response to the second stimulus makes it possible to more accurately assess the responsiveness of the plankton ensemble. The study demonstrates good reliability and increased sensitivity of this method of detecting changes in environmental toxicity when compared with single photostimulation or traditional bioindication through the survival rate of test organisms.

摘要 我们以前的研究表明,浮游生物对光的反应变化可以作为环境污染的指标。本研究通过实验发现,大型蚤和水蚤浮游生物组合对光刺激的反应取决于吸引光的强度。这就很难确定污染物浓度的发生和变化。浮游生物群对吸引光刺激强度的非线性反应导致了行为反应幅度的巨大差异。随着光刺激强度的增加,趋光反应的变异性会经历增加、减少和相对稳定阶段。本文提出了一种光刺激方法的改进方案:配对光刺激,即连续受到两个强度不断增加的光刺激。第一个刺激可以稳定行为反应,而对第二个刺激的反应增加则可以更准确地评估浮游生物群的反应能力。与单次光刺激或通过测试生物存活率的传统生物指示相比,该研究证明了这种检测环境毒性变化的方法具有良好的可靠性和更高的灵敏度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Toxicity of Microplastics in the Supralittoral of the Barents Sea Using Test Objects of Different Trophic Levels 利用不同营养级的测试对象评估巴伦支海上沿岸微塑料的毒性
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020093
A. M. Lazareva, A. N. Rak, D. M. Gershkovich, O. V. Ilyina, V. I. Ipatova

Abstract

The influence of different types of microplastics (MPs) and ash after burning a mixture of macroplastics selected in the supralittoral of the Barents Sea on the development of traditional test objects of the culture of the green microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda and a culture of cladocerans Daphnia magna in chronic experiments has been studied. In terms of the inhibition of algal growth at a concentration of 3 mg/L of MPs, the PU sample shows the highest toxicity, followed by HDPE (white), HDPE (red), and contact EPS in descending order of toxicity. PP was nontoxic. Ash in the concentration range of 0.01–1000 mg/L does not significantly inhibit the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda. For Daphnia magna, a more expressed decrease in the mean linear size is noted with the addition of intact EPS, and the stimulation of fertility is significantly higher in the presence of contact EPS. When comparing the effect of intact and contact PU on D. magna, the death of all individuals under the influence of intact PU is found; when adding PU, survival remained at the control level. MP particles and ash affect the trophic activity of daphnia when fed with chlorella, but this effect does not lead to changes in fertility and growth during long-term observation.

摘要 在慢性实验中,研究了不同类型的微塑料(MPs)和巴伦支海上沿岸选取的大型塑料混合物燃烧后的灰烬对绿色微藻类 Scenedesmus quadricauda 培养物和大型蚤培养物这两种传统测试对象生长发育的影响。在 3 毫克/升 MPs 浓度下对藻类生长的抑制作用方面,聚氨酯样品的毒性最高,其次是高密度聚乙烯(白色)、高密度聚乙烯(红色)和接触式发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)。聚丙烯无毒。灰分的浓度范围为 0.01-1000 毫克/升,对 Scenedesmus quadricauda 的生长没有明显的抑制作用。对于大型水蚤而言,添加完整的发泡聚苯乙烯后,其平均线形尺寸会有更明显的下降,而接触式发泡聚苯乙烯对繁殖力的刺激则明显更高。在比较完整聚氨酯和接触聚氨酯对大型蚤的影响时发现,在完整聚氨酯的影响下,所有个体都会死亡;而在添加聚氨酯时,存活率仍保持在对照组水平。用小球藻喂养水蚤时,MP 颗粒和灰分会影响水蚤的营养活动,但在长期观察中,这种影响不会导致水蚤的繁殖力和生长发生变化。
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引用次数: 0
Abundance of Zoobenthos on the Nearshore Slope Near the Rocky Coast of the Island of Valaam (Lake Ladoga) 瓦拉岩岛(拉多加湖)岩石海岸附近近岸斜坡上的底栖生物丰度
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020202
Yu. A. Zuyev, N. V. Zueva

Abstract

The bottom communities of the nearshore zone of the Valaam archipelago (Lake Ladoga) have been investigated. The stations were located in the littoral, sublittoral, and profundal at depths of 1–25 m. Three regions with different characteristics of the coast shore and relief were researched. A sampler-syringe was used to collect benthos, because it works the whole of grounds variety in the nearshore. The quantative characteristics of the bottom communities had been optimally described with the depth ranges. The wave activity significantly affected only the numbers of zoobenthos in the upper 10 m. The openness of the bay had a greater influence on the abundance and biomass of benthos in the range of 1–10 m, presumably taking into account the influence of reflected waves. The biggest numbers and biomass of zoobenthos were in the littoral of the close bay. In the semiclose bay and on the open coast, the maximum abundance of benthic invertebrates shifted in the sublittoral (depth >8 m), where waves affected the benthic communities less. The types of ground significantly affected only the taxonomical composition. In general, the preferential effect on the quantity characteristics of benthos on the rocky slope zone had the features of a shore (openness and depth patterns). These data can be used for inspections of the next influences on the nearshore benthic community and for analyzing and modeling the commercial resources and their forage base.

摘要 对瓦拉姆群岛(拉多加湖)近岸区的底层群落进行了调查。研究了三个具有不同海岸和地形特征的区域。底栖生物的采集使用了采样器-针筒,因为它可以采集近岸的所有底栖生物。海底生物群落的数量特征已通过深度范围得到了最佳描述。海湾的开阔程度对 1-10 米范围内底栖动物的数量和生物量影响较大,这可能是考虑到反射波的影响。近海湾沿岸的底栖生物数量和生物量最大。在半封闭海湾和开阔海岸,底栖无脊椎动物的最大丰度转移到了近岸(深度为 8 米),海浪对那里的底栖群落影响较小。地面类型只对分类组成有明显影响。总体而言,岩石斜坡带的底栖生物数量特征优先受到海岸特征(开阔度和深度模式)的影响。这些数据可用于检查对近岸底栖生物群落的下一步影响,以及对商业资源及其饵料基础进行分析和建模。
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引用次数: 0
Accumulation of Microplastics by the Siberian Wood Frog Rana amurensis (Anura, Amphibia) in the Western Baikal Region 西伯利亚木蛙(两栖类,无尾目)在西贝加尔湖地区的微塑料积累情况
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020081
V. N. Kuranova, Y. A. Frank, S. N. Rakhmatullina, L. A. Epova

Abstract

The results of a quantitative assessment of the content of microplastics (MPs) in Siberian wood frog (Rana amurensis) larvae and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of adults from the floodplain of the Goloustnaya River flowing into Baikal Lake are presented. MP particles are found in the GITs of 83% (n = 18) of Siberian wood frogs aged 1+ to 4+. In the GITs of R. amurensis adults, MP particles are represented by microfibers (84.6%), microspheres (6.2%), microfilms (6.2%), and irregularly shaped fragments (3.0%). The sizes of MPs range from 0.3 to 5 mm. The average number of particles in frog GITs is 3.5 ± 3.6 per individual, with a spread from 0 to 11.6 particles. No significant correlations are found between the level of MP accumulation and the age of individuals of different sexes. No MPs are found in R. amurensis larvae (n = 120), which is largely due to the low productivity of temporary shallow breeding water bodies in the floodplain of the Goloustnaya River, which are experiencing powerful anthropogenic pressure (transport, grazing, and hay harvesting). The detection of MPs in the GITs of adult Siberian wood frogs indirectly indicates the contamination of the valley and the mouth of the Goloustnaya River, including the coast of Lake Baikal. The data obtained in this study are the first evidence of the presence of MPs in amphibians in the Russian Federation.

摘要 本文介绍了对流入贝加尔湖的戈鲁斯特纳亚河洪泛区的西伯利亚林蛙(Rana amurensis)幼体和成体胃肠道(GIT)中微塑料(MP)含量的定量评估结果。83%(n = 18)年龄在 1+ 至 4+ 的西伯利亚林蛙的胃肠道中发现了 MP 颗粒。在 R. amurensis 成蛙的胃肠道中,MP 颗粒包括微纤维(84.6%)、微球(6.2%)、微膜(6.2%)和形状不规则的碎片(3.0%)。MPs 的大小从 0.3 毫米到 5 毫米不等。每只青蛙胃肠道中的颗粒平均数量为 3.5 ± 3.6 个,分布范围从 0 个到 11.6 个不等。MP的积累水平与不同性别个体的年龄之间没有明显的相关性。在 R. amurensis 幼虫(n = 120)中未发现 MPs,这主要是由于戈鲁斯特纳亚河洪泛区的临时浅水繁殖水体生产力较低,而这些水体正经受着强大的人为压力(运输、放牧和干草收割)。在成年西伯利亚林蛙的胃肠道中检测到 MPs,间接表明河谷和戈鲁斯特纳亚河河口(包括贝加尔湖沿岸)受到了污染。本研究获得的数据是俄罗斯联邦两栖动物体内存在 MPs 的首个证据。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Microplastics on the Nutritional and Locomotive Activity of Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina under Experimental Conditions 微塑料在实验条件下对甲藻营养和运动活动的影响
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020135
T. V. Rauen, V. S. Mukhanov, Iu. S. Baiandina, A. M. Lyakh

Abstract

The incorporation of microplastic particles (MPs) into the microbial food web and their impact on physiology of consuming organisms remains largely underexplored. The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina is an excellent model for understanding these processes. In this study, flow cytometry was used to analyze the dynamics of consumption by this predator of its natural prey, the microalga Isochrysis galbana (ISO), and plastic microspheres (MS) of the same size. Furthermore, the effects of the diets containing these components on the swimming speed and movement patterns of Oxyrrhis marina cells were assessed. This was achieved using a computational method for analyzing video recordings of O. marina movement. It was observed from the first minutes of the experiment that the dinoflagellates actively consumed both types of prey, but by the end of the experiment, the number of MS in the medium decreased to a lesser extent, from 4.4 to 2.2 × 105 cells/mL, while Isochrysis galbana cells were almost completely grazed, with their abundance dropping by more than two orders of magnitude, from 4.9 × 105 cells/mL to 2.3 × 103 cells/mL. Such dynamics were associated with a compensatory increase in the number of microspheres in the medium due to their excretion and repeated phagocytosis by Oxyrrhis marina. Interestingly, the ingestion of plastic microspheres, which led to an increase in dinoflagellate cell size, did not significantly reduce their mobility or impair their locomotion. The ‘unproductive’ consumption of microplastics, which provided no nutritional benefit, resulted in a statistically significant reduction in dinoflagellate abundance compared to controls and the microalgae-fed experiment. This decline was attributed to the high energy expenditure of the population in constantly searching for, phagocytosing, and excreting microspheres. Contrary to expectations, the predators did not abandon this unproductive feeding strategy. Instead, their cell mobility increased over time, exacerbating the situation. These processes could have far-reaching negative implications for the entire food web. Specifically, microplastics 'packaged' by unicellular organisms could be transferred to higher trophic levels, potentially accumulating in mollusks, fish, and larger predators.

摘要 微塑料颗粒(MPs)进入微生物食物网及其对食用生物生理的影响在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。异养双鞭毛藻(Oxyrrhis marina)是了解这些过程的极佳模型。本研究利用流式细胞术分析了这种捕食者消耗其天然猎物--微藻Isochrysis galbana(ISO)和相同大小的塑料微球(MS)的动态。此外,还评估了含有这些成分的食物对海牛细胞的游泳速度和运动模式的影响。这是通过分析海牛运动视频记录的计算方法实现的。从实验的最初几分钟就可以观察到,甲藻积极地吞噬了两种类型的猎物,但到实验结束时,培养基中的MS细胞数量减少较少,从4.4×105 cells/mL减少到2.2×105 cells/mL,而Isochrysis galbana细胞几乎完全被吞噬,其丰度下降了两个数量级以上,从4.9×105 cells/mL减少到2.3×103 cells/mL。这种动态变化与介质中微球数量的补偿性增加有关,原因是微球被排出体外,并被海牛反复吞噬。有趣的是,摄取塑料微球导致甲藻细胞体积增大,但并没有明显降低它们的移动性或影响它们的运动。与对照组和投喂微藻类的实验相比,"非生产性 "摄入微塑料(不提供任何营养益处)导致甲藻丰度出现统计学意义上的显著下降。这种下降归因于种群在不断寻找、吞噬和排泄微球时消耗了大量能量。与预期相反,捕食者并没有放弃这种无益的捕食策略。相反,它们的细胞流动性随着时间的推移而增加,使情况更加恶化。这些过程可能会对整个食物网产生深远的负面影响。具体来说,被单细胞生物 "包装 "起来的微塑料可能会转移到更高的营养级,有可能在软体动物、鱼类和大型捕食者体内积累。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Trypanosome Infection on Hematological Parameters of the Black Sea Sprat (Clupeonella cultriventris) from the Ivankovo Reservoir 锥虫感染对伊万科沃水库黑海鲱(Clupeonella cultriventris)血液学参数的影响
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020184
D. Yu. Trofimov, E. A. Zabotkina

Abstract

For the first time, light microscopy has been used to study the parameters of blood cells for the Black Sea sprat (Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann, 1840) from the Ivankovo Reservoir with trypanosomes in the peripheral blood. A shift in the composition of erythrocytes towards immature cells, lymphopenia, an increase in the proportion of immature granulocytes, and a decrease in the proportion of platelets have been detected. It is noted that fish of this species had not previously been infected with trypanosomes in the Ivankovo Reservoir.

摘要首次使用光学显微镜研究了伊万科沃水库黑海鲱(Clupeonella cultriventris Nordmann,1840 年)外周血中锥虫的血细胞参数。结果发现,红细胞的组成向未成熟细胞转变,淋巴细胞减少,未成熟粒细胞比例增加,血小板比例减少。值得注意的是,在伊万科沃水库中,该鱼种以前从未感染过锥虫。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the Microplastic Content in the Floodplain Alluvium of the Upper Volga 上伏尔加河洪泛冲积层微塑料含量研究
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020172
O. Y. Sursimova, L. V. Muraviova, A. R. Sergeev, O. A. Tikhomirov, N. B. Prokofieva

Abstract

The results of the research of the microplastic accumulation in the floodplain alluvium of the river Volga in the area of Tver are presented Soil samples were taken within the city, upstream and downstream of the river. Samples were processed using a modified method of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Microplastic particles were detected in all samples, the largest amount was found in the area where plastic production and processing enterprises are located. It has been established that films, granules and fragments of plastic particles predominate in all selected samples ranging in size from 1 to 2.5 mm along the largest axis.

摘要 本文介绍了伏尔加河洪泛冲积层微塑料在特维尔地区积聚情况的研究结果,土壤样本是在市内、河流上游和下游采集的。样本采用美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的改进方法进行处理。在所有样本中都检测到了微塑料颗粒,其中塑料生产和加工企业所在地区的微塑料颗粒数量最多。已确定,在所有选定的样本中,塑料微粒主要是薄膜、颗粒和碎片,沿最大轴线的尺寸从 1 毫米到 2.5 毫米不等。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of Microplastic Accumulation in Fish and Crustaceans of the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) 湄公河三角洲(越南)鱼类和甲壳类动物体内微塑料积累的特殊性
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082924020044
I. I. Chesnokova, S. V. Statkevich, E. P. Karpova, Nguyen Dinh Cu

Abstract

Plastic pollution in Asian rivers is one of the global problems of the region. This work has been performed to identify microplastic (MP) particles in the tissues of some species of hydrobionts from the Mekong Delta, one of the largest rivers in Southeast Asia. The method of tissue decomposition with 30% hydrogen peroxide is used. The presence of MP particles is revealed in 11 of 12 fish species and in 6 crustacean species. The dominant type of plastic in both fish and crustaceans is blue-violet fibers.

摘要 亚洲河流的塑料污染是该地区的全球性问题之一。本研究旨在鉴定东南亚最大河流之一湄公河三角洲的一些水生生物组织中的微塑料颗粒。研究采用了 30% 过氧化氢分解组织的方法。在 12 种鱼类中的 11 种和 6 种甲壳类中发现了 MP 粒子。鱼类和甲壳类动物体内的主要塑料类型是蓝紫色纤维。
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引用次数: 0
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Inland Water Biology
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