Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) or intrauterine growth retardation is a condition that the fetus does not grow as expected. And the biometric profile does not match with the age of fetus. This condition is associated with increased mortality and morbidity of the neonates along with increased the risk of cardiovascular, lung, and central nervous system damages. Despite close monitoring of high-risk mothers and development of new therapeutic approaches, the optimal outcome has not been achieved yet that it indicates the importance of investigations on new therapeutic approaches. Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone mainly produced by pineal gland and has a wide range of effects on different organs due to the broad dispersion of its receptors. Moreover, melatonin is produced by placenta and also its receptors have been found on the surface of this organ. Not only studies showed the importance of this neurohormone on growth and development of fetus but also, they proved its highly antioxidant properties. As in IUGR the oxidative stress and inflammation increased melatonin could counteract these changes and improved organ’s function. In this study, we found that use of MLT could be a good clinical approach for treatment of IUGR as its high antioxidant activity and vasodilation could dampen the mechanisms lead to the IUGR development.
{"title":"Effect of melatonin as a therapeutic strategy against intrauterine growth restriction: a mini-review of current state","authors":"Seyed Yasin Rashidi, Mahdi Rafiyan, Reza Asemi, Z. Asemi, Sotoudeh Mohammadi","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002350","url":null,"abstract":"Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) or intrauterine growth retardation is a condition that the fetus does not grow as expected. And the biometric profile does not match with the age of fetus. This condition is associated with increased mortality and morbidity of the neonates along with increased the risk of cardiovascular, lung, and central nervous system damages. Despite close monitoring of high-risk mothers and development of new therapeutic approaches, the optimal outcome has not been achieved yet that it indicates the importance of investigations on new therapeutic approaches. Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone mainly produced by pineal gland and has a wide range of effects on different organs due to the broad dispersion of its receptors. Moreover, melatonin is produced by placenta and also its receptors have been found on the surface of this organ. Not only studies showed the importance of this neurohormone on growth and development of fetus but also, they proved its highly antioxidant properties. As in IUGR the oxidative stress and inflammation increased melatonin could counteract these changes and improved organ’s function. In this study, we found that use of MLT could be a good clinical approach for treatment of IUGR as its high antioxidant activity and vasodilation could dampen the mechanisms lead to the IUGR development.","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002346
A. Jobran, Haya J Warasna, Mohammad Yaser Hasan Awad, B. Y. Awad, Farah B Shahin, Baha Alhadad, Bajis Amr, Abdelwadod A Abuturki, Mohammad I. Smerat
It is well known that whereas bilateral occlusion is less common, unilateral internal carotid artery blockage happens regularly. Asymptomatic to fatal ischemic stroke can be the clinical presentation, depending on whether there is adequate collateral blood flow. Internal carotid artery occlusion is often associated with significant neurologic events, both at the time of initial occlusion and during follow-up. We describe a patient’s experience of dizziness followed by a fall. The hyperdense position of the basilar artery near its bifurcation was identified following a CT scan. Furthermore, the pons, midbrain, and medial parts of the right temporal lobe showed numerous small hypodensities suggestive of an ischemic injury. The patient had medical treatment without surgery after it was determined that they had bilateral internal carotid arteries and a blocked right vertebral artery. After taking dual antiplatelet therapy for five days, the patient recovered without incident and was discharged from the hospital. In a young patient with bilateral internal carotid arteries occlusion (BICAO), we highlighted the significance of prompt diagnosis of stroke-like symptoms, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment options. Options for diagnosis include brain MRI and CT head to check for ischemia and CTA head and neck to assess for artery obstruction. Options for treatment include severe medical and surgical treatments, such as carotid endarterectomy, stent implantation, or balloon angioplasty, or medical management alone, such as dual anti-platelet medication and thrombolysis. BICAO is associated with a grave prognosis and significant cerebrovascular complications. High-quality studies are needed to establish the best treatment strategy, considering the complex and individualized nature of the condition.
{"title":"Life-threatening bilateral internal carotid artery and unilateral vertebral artery total occlusion presenting with dizziness: A case report","authors":"A. Jobran, Haya J Warasna, Mohammad Yaser Hasan Awad, B. Y. Awad, Farah B Shahin, Baha Alhadad, Bajis Amr, Abdelwadod A Abuturki, Mohammad I. Smerat","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002346","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 It is well known that whereas bilateral occlusion is less common, unilateral internal carotid artery blockage happens regularly. Asymptomatic to fatal ischemic stroke can be the clinical presentation, depending on whether there is adequate collateral blood flow. Internal carotid artery occlusion is often associated with significant neurologic events, both at the time of initial occlusion and during follow-up.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We describe a patient’s experience of dizziness followed by a fall. The hyperdense position of the basilar artery near its bifurcation was identified following a CT scan. Furthermore, the pons, midbrain, and medial parts of the right temporal lobe showed numerous small hypodensities suggestive of an ischemic injury. The patient had medical treatment without surgery after it was determined that they had bilateral internal carotid arteries and a blocked right vertebral artery. After taking dual antiplatelet therapy for five days, the patient recovered without incident and was discharged from the hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In a young patient with bilateral internal carotid arteries occlusion (BICAO), we highlighted the significance of prompt diagnosis of stroke-like symptoms, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment options. Options for diagnosis include brain MRI and CT head to check for ischemia and CTA head and neck to assess for artery obstruction. Options for treatment include severe medical and surgical treatments, such as carotid endarterectomy, stent implantation, or balloon angioplasty, or medical management alone, such as dual anti-platelet medication and thrombolysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 BICAO is associated with a grave prognosis and significant cerebrovascular complications. High-quality studies are needed to establish the best treatment strategy, considering the complex and individualized nature of the condition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002337
Mohamed Bushra Alajab, Bushra Ibn Auf, Ahmed Rafei, Abdelmoneim Eltayeib Abdo
Sudan has a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, exceeding 8%. The prevalence of hepatitis B varies across different regions of Sudan, ranging from 6.8% in central Sudan to as high as 26% in southern Sudan. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) relies on HBV for replication and can accelerate the progression of HBV-related liver diseases, leading to more severe outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases and to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with HDV co-infection. This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Sudan between June and September 2022. Ninety HBV patients aged 16 years and above were included. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and medical histories and examinations were recorded. Investigations included liver function tests, abdominal ultrasounds, and ELISA for Anti-HDV-IgG. In this study of 90 HBV patients, most were male (68.9%) and under 40 years old (58.9%). HDV-IgG antibodies were found in 8 patients (8.9%), all male. Among the HDV-positive patients, one (12.5%) had jaundice and one (12.5%) had ascites. Elevated ALT levels were seen in 50% of HDV-positive patients. One (12.5%) HDV-positive patient had low albumin. Cirrhosis was present in 25% of HDV-positive patients, and HCC was present in 12.5% of HDV-positive patient. The prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases is 8.9%. This highlights the need for enhanced screening and diagnostic measures in Sudanese populations. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions.
{"title":"Prevalence and clinical characterization of hepatitis D Virus (HDV) infection among sudanese patients with hepatitis B Virus (HBV), a cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohamed Bushra Alajab, Bushra Ibn Auf, Ahmed Rafei, Abdelmoneim Eltayeib Abdo","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002337","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Sudan has a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, exceeding 8%. The prevalence of hepatitis B varies across different regions of Sudan, ranging from 6.8% in central Sudan to as high as 26% in southern Sudan. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) relies on HBV for replication and can accelerate the progression of HBV-related liver diseases, leading to more severe outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases and to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with HDV co-infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Sudan between June and September 2022. Ninety HBV patients aged 16 years and above were included. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and medical histories and examinations were recorded. Investigations included liver function tests, abdominal ultrasounds, and ELISA for Anti-HDV-IgG.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study of 90 HBV patients, most were male (68.9%) and under 40 years old (58.9%). HDV-IgG antibodies were found in 8 patients (8.9%), all male. Among the HDV-positive patients, one (12.5%) had jaundice and one (12.5%) had ascites. Elevated ALT levels were seen in 50% of HDV-positive patients. One (12.5%) HDV-positive patient had low albumin. Cirrhosis was present in 25% of HDV-positive patients, and HCC was present in 12.5% of HDV-positive patient.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of HDV infection among Sudanese patients with HBV-related liver diseases is 8.9%. This highlights the need for enhanced screening and diagnostic measures in Sudanese populations. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002349
Reza Asemi, Sahar Ahmadi Asouri, E. Aghadavod, M. Jamilian
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. The aim of this work was to control the impacts of vitamin D intake on metabolic profiles in infertile subjects with PCOS. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 40 infertile women with PCOS. Subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups to take either 50,000 IU vitamin D (n=20) or placebo (n=20) weekly for eight weeks. Metabolic profiles and few inflammatory cytokines expression evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of participants, using RT-PCR method. Vitamin D intake decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−0.9±1.1 vs. 0.3±0.9 mg/L, P=0.002) and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (49.2±60.2 vs. −50.6±161.8 mmol/L, P=0.02) compared with placebo; but no significant effects on other metabolic parameters were observed. Moreover, a significant downregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression (P=0.03) was observed after taking vitamin D compared with the placebo. Overall, vitamin D intake for eight weeks had beneficial impacts on hs-CRP, TAC, and TNF-α among infertile women with PCOS.
氧化应激和炎症在多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）和不孕症的病理生理学中起着至关重要的作用。这项研究旨在控制维生素 D 摄入量对多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者代谢特征的影响。 这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验在 40 名患有多囊卵巢综合症的不孕妇女中进行。受试者被随机分为两个干预组，每周服用 50,000 IU 维生素 D（20 人）或安慰剂（20 人），为期八周。采用 RT-PCR 方法对受试者外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）的代谢概况和几种炎症细胞因子的表达进行了评估。 与安慰剂相比，维生素 D 摄入量降低了高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）（-0.9±1.1 vs. 0.3±0.9 mg/L，P=0.002），提高了总抗氧化能力（TAC）水平（49.2±60.2 vs. -50.6±161.8 mmol/L，P=0.02）；但对其他代谢参数没有观察到显著影响。此外，与安慰剂相比，服用维生素 D 后观察到肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）表达明显下调（P=0.03）。 总之，在患有多囊卵巢综合症的不孕妇女中，连续八周摄入维生素D对hs-CRP、TAC和TNF-α有有益的影响。
{"title":"The beneficial influences of vitamin D intake on inflammation and oxidative stress in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Reza Asemi, Sahar Ahmadi Asouri, E. Aghadavod, M. Jamilian","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002349","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. The aim of this work was to control the impacts of vitamin D intake on metabolic profiles in infertile subjects with PCOS.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 40 infertile women with PCOS. Subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups to take either 50,000 IU vitamin D (n=20) or placebo (n=20) weekly for eight weeks. Metabolic profiles and few inflammatory cytokines expression evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of participants, using RT-PCR method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vitamin D intake decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−0.9±1.1 vs. 0.3±0.9 mg/L, P=0.002) and elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (49.2±60.2 vs. −50.6±161.8 mmol/L, P=0.02) compared with placebo; but no significant effects on other metabolic parameters were observed. Moreover, a significant downregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression (P=0.03) was observed after taking vitamin D compared with the placebo.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Overall, vitamin D intake for eight weeks had beneficial impacts on hs-CRP, TAC, and TNF-α among infertile women with PCOS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002306
Ameer Fadhel Abbas, Haania Shahbaz, Armand Gumera, Ali Saad Al-shammari, M. Alchamaley, Hashim Talib Hashim, Mohannad Abdeltawwab, Mahmoud Amin
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon in which the induction of shortened periods of ischemia prior to surgical procedures within a distant tissue preserves other tissues or organs of concern, such as the liver or kidney in transplant surgery, in the event of prolonged ischemic insults. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of RIPC in patients undergoing transplant surgery, specifically kidney and liver transplants. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched until 19 December 2023 for trials evaluating RIPC in patients undergoing transplant surgery. A total of 9364 search articles were obtained, which yielded 10 eligible studies. Data analysis was done using RevMan 5.4 software. The risk of bias was done using Cochrane risk of bias tool. For graft rejection, the study observed a relative risk of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.98, P=0.97) from 5 trials, indicating no significant effect of RIPC on graft survival in both kidney and liver transplants. The length of hospital stay also showed no significant decrease for those undergoing RIPC, with (MD) of -0.58 (95% CI, -1.38 to 0.23, P=0.16). GFR at 1 year post-kidney transplant did not significantly change in the RIPC group compared to controls, as evidenced by an MD of -0.13 (95% CI, -3.79 to 3.54, P=0.95). These results collectively suggest that RIPC may not be effective in reducing patient, or graft, outcomes.
{"title":"Effectiveness of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing transplant surgery: Meta-Analysis of randomized control studies","authors":"Ameer Fadhel Abbas, Haania Shahbaz, Armand Gumera, Ali Saad Al-shammari, M. Alchamaley, Hashim Talib Hashim, Mohannad Abdeltawwab, Mahmoud Amin","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002306","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon in which the induction of shortened periods of ischemia prior to surgical procedures within a distant tissue preserves other tissues or organs of concern, such as the liver or kidney in transplant surgery, in the event of prolonged ischemic insults. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of RIPC in patients undergoing transplant surgery, specifically kidney and liver transplants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched until 19 December 2023 for trials evaluating RIPC in patients undergoing transplant surgery. A total of 9364 search articles were obtained, which yielded 10 eligible studies. Data analysis was done using RevMan 5.4 software. The risk of bias was done using Cochrane risk of bias tool.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 For graft rejection, the study observed a relative risk of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.98, P=0.97) from 5 trials, indicating no significant effect of RIPC on graft survival in both kidney and liver transplants. The length of hospital stay also showed no significant decrease for those undergoing RIPC, with (MD) of -0.58 (95% CI, -1.38 to 0.23, P=0.16). GFR at 1 year post-kidney transplant did not significantly change in the RIPC group compared to controls, as evidenced by an MD of -0.13 (95% CI, -3.79 to 3.54, P=0.95). These results collectively suggest that RIPC may not be effective in reducing patient, or graft, outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"221 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002215
Yasar Sattar, M. Alraies
{"title":"Cardiovascular outcomes and coronary artery disease prevention secondary to icosapent ethyl - A meta-Analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Yasar Sattar, M. Alraies","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002348
A. Muili, Abdulrahman Awal Olalekan, Piel Panther Kuol, Abdulrahman Moradeyo, Emmanuel Chileshe Phiri, Saka Habibat, Adebayo Aisha Adekemi, M. J. Mustapha
{"title":"Advancing brain health: harnessing the centilebrain model for enhanced diagnosis of mental health disorders","authors":"A. Muili, Abdulrahman Awal Olalekan, Piel Panther Kuol, Abdulrahman Moradeyo, Emmanuel Chileshe Phiri, Saka Habibat, Adebayo Aisha Adekemi, M. J. Mustapha","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002347
Zaheer Qureshi, Abdur Jamil, Faryal Altaf, Rimsha Siddique, Eeshal Fatima, Sara Dost, Richard Scott Zelkowitz, Shivendra Shah
This review aims to discuss the role and efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan in the management of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. This comprehensive review delves into the advancements brought about by Sacituzumab Govitecan in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With a focus on its mode of action, efficacious role, clinical trials, and comparative advantages over conventional chemotherapy, the review highlights the therapy’s precision in targeting cancer cells through monoclonal antibodies. Sacituzumab Govitecan’s ability to deliver a chemotherapeutic payload specifically to cancer cells with the Trop-2 receptor sets it apart from traditional chemotherapy, minimizing collateral damage and reducing severe side effects. The impact of Sacituzumab Govitecan on improving progression-free survival, tumor response rates, and, significantly, the quality of life for patients is discussed. This article also sheds light on ongoing trials, FDA recognition, and the therapy’s potential to transform breast cancer treatment. In conclusion, Sacituzumab Govitecan shows potential as an innovative therapeutic option for breast cancer, particularly in metastatic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, but it warrants additional research.
{"title":"Revolutionizing triple negative metastatic breast cancer treatment: sacituzumab Govitecan’s role in advancing chemotherapy","authors":"Zaheer Qureshi, Abdur Jamil, Faryal Altaf, Rimsha Siddique, Eeshal Fatima, Sara Dost, Richard Scott Zelkowitz, Shivendra Shah","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This review aims to discuss the role and efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan in the management of breast cancer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. This comprehensive review delves into the advancements brought about by Sacituzumab Govitecan in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With a focus on its mode of action, efficacious role, clinical trials, and comparative advantages over conventional chemotherapy, the review highlights the therapy’s precision in targeting cancer cells through monoclonal antibodies. Sacituzumab Govitecan’s ability to deliver a chemotherapeutic payload specifically to cancer cells with the Trop-2 receptor sets it apart from traditional chemotherapy, minimizing collateral damage and reducing severe side effects. The impact of Sacituzumab Govitecan on improving progression-free survival, tumor response rates, and, significantly, the quality of life for patients is discussed. This article also sheds light on ongoing trials, FDA recognition, and the therapy’s potential to transform breast cancer treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In conclusion, Sacituzumab Govitecan shows potential as an innovative therapeutic option for breast cancer, particularly in metastatic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, but it warrants additional research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002250
T. J. Gbayisomore, I. I. Okon, Oluwafunmbi Ayomiposi Ajayi, Abdul-Hanan Saani Inusah, Andrew Mpagwuni Ziblim, Rufus Oluwagbemileke Ajayi, Oluwagbemisola Elizabeth Elesho, Onyekachi Innocent Ike-Okpe, Nonso Joachin Muoneke, N. D. A. Bankole
This study investigated the effects of tirofiban on serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter levels in 122 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) at a Nigerian teaching hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were divided into conventional and study groups, with the study group receiving tirofiban in addition to standard treatment. Clinical efficacy and levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and glutamic acid (Glu) were compared. Result findings showed that the research group (RG) had a significantly higher total effective rate of treatment (93.44%) compared to the conventional group. While IL-6 and TNF-α levels were similar between groups initially and at 7 days post-treatment, they were lower in the study group at 14 days post-treatment. Levels of 5-HT, DA, and Glu did not differ initially and at 7 days post-treatment but were higher in the study group at 14 days for 5-HT and DA, while Glu was lower. In conclusion, tirofiban improved clinical efficacy, reduce serum inflammatory responses, and impact neurotransmitter levels in patients with ACI.
{"title":"Tirofiban influences serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter levels in acute cerebral infarction patients","authors":"T. J. Gbayisomore, I. I. Okon, Oluwafunmbi Ayomiposi Ajayi, Abdul-Hanan Saani Inusah, Andrew Mpagwuni Ziblim, Rufus Oluwagbemileke Ajayi, Oluwagbemisola Elizabeth Elesho, Onyekachi Innocent Ike-Okpe, Nonso Joachin Muoneke, N. D. A. Bankole","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002250","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of tirofiban on serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter levels in 122 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) at a Nigerian teaching hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were divided into conventional and study groups, with the study group receiving tirofiban in addition to standard treatment. Clinical efficacy and levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and glutamic acid (Glu) were compared. Result findings showed that the research group (RG) had a significantly higher total effective rate of treatment (93.44%) compared to the conventional group. While IL-6 and TNF-α levels were similar between groups initially and at 7 days post-treatment, they were lower in the study group at 14 days post-treatment. Levels of 5-HT, DA, and Glu did not differ initially and at 7 days post-treatment but were higher in the study group at 14 days for 5-HT and DA, while Glu was lower. In conclusion, tirofiban improved clinical efficacy, reduce serum inflammatory responses, and impact neurotransmitter levels in patients with ACI.","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"320 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to explore the causal relationship between inflammatory markers and myopia through the use of bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and myopia animal models. We utilized data from a comprehensive and publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) for our analysis, which includes 460,536 European ancestry control subjects and 37,362 myopia patients. Utilising a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis framework, 27 inflammatory markers were investigated as exposure variables with myopia serving as the outcome variable. Nine MR analysis techniques were employed, with Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) as the principal MR analysis method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test. The identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outliers linked to myopia was achieved via MR-PRESSO. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the vitreous of guinea pigs subjected to experimentally induced form deprivation myopia (FDM) was examined. Elevated concentrations of IL-2 and IL-2ra were found to be associated (IVW estimate odds ratio (OR): 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.005, P=0.001) and strongly associated (IVW estimate OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, P=0.049) with an increased risk of myopia, respectively. Conversely, lower levels of CRP (IVW estimate OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P=0.002) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (IVW estimate OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.994-0.996, P<0.001) were robustly linked to a heightened risk of myopia. IL-2 expression was notably upregulated in the vitreous of guinea pigs with experimentally induced FDM. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors, especially IL-2 and IL-2ra, have a potential causal relationship with myopia susceptibility, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of myopia.
{"title":"Causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and myopia: an analysis of genetic and observational studies","authors":"Rongbin Liang, Tao Li, Hui Gao, Wenqing Shi, Meilin Li, Ting-Huan Wan, Xiaodong Zhou","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aims to explore the causal relationship between inflammatory markers and myopia through the use of bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) and myopia animal models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We utilized data from a comprehensive and publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) for our analysis, which includes 460,536 European ancestry control subjects and 37,362 myopia patients. Utilising a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis framework, 27 inflammatory markers were investigated as exposure variables with myopia serving as the outcome variable. Nine MR analysis techniques were employed, with Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) as the principal MR analysis method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test. The identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outliers linked to myopia was achieved via MR-PRESSO. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the vitreous of guinea pigs subjected to experimentally induced form deprivation myopia (FDM) was examined.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Elevated concentrations of IL-2 and IL-2ra were found to be associated (IVW estimate odds ratio (OR): 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.005, P=0.001) and strongly associated (IVW estimate OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, P=0.049) with an increased risk of myopia, respectively. Conversely, lower levels of CRP (IVW estimate OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P=0.002) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (IVW estimate OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.994-0.996, P<0.001) were robustly linked to a heightened risk of myopia. IL-2 expression was notably upregulated in the vitreous of guinea pigs with experimentally induced FDM.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Elevated levels of inflammatory factors, especially IL-2 and IL-2ra, have a potential causal relationship with myopia susceptibility, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of myopia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503882,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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