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Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review. 月经初潮年龄的遗传决定因素:LIN28B 基因发挥了作用吗?综述。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3
Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou, Flora Bacopoulou, Styliani Fidani, Athanasios Christoforidis

Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.

初潮是女性生殖开始的第一次月经,是女性青春期的一个里程碑。月经初潮的时间决定了女孩青春期成熟后期的时间,并对日后的健康产生重大影响,包括青春期的行为和心理障碍以及成年后的生育问题和罹患某些疾病的风险增加。在过去的几十年里,人们注意到初潮年龄持续下降,环境因素是导致初潮时间发生变化的原因之一。然而,对家族和双胞胎的研究强烈表明,月经初潮和青春期开始的年龄与遗传因素有关,在这些研究中,青春期开始的变异有高达约 80% 可以用遗传性来解释。基因关联研究发现了几个与初潮年龄有关的基因位点,其中 LIN28B 是女性生长和青春期的关键调节因子。LIN28B是优雅小鼠Lin28的人类同源物,是一种已知的RNA结合蛋白,可调节let-7微RNA的生物生成。全基因组关联研究发现,在全球多个人群队列中,LIN28B 基因的多态性与初潮年龄有关。在本文中,我们回顾了导致月经初潮年龄的遗传因素,并特别关注已发现的 LIN28B 基因多态性。
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引用次数: 0
Screening tools for diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review. 糖尿病足溃疡筛查工具:叙述性综述。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00598-z
Anastasios Tentolouris, Anastasia Stergioti, Ioanna Eleftheriadou, Christos Siafarikas, Dimitrios Tsilingiris

The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is 4 to 10% among people with diabetes mellitus. DFUs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced quality of life and have a significant impact on overall healthcare expenditure. The main predisposing factors for DFU are diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and trauma. The fact that a range of tests can be used to identify patients at risk for DFU often causes confusion among practitioners regarding which screening tests should be implemented in clinical practice. Herein we sought to determine whether tests of somatic nerve function, such as pinprick sensation, thermal (cold/hot) test, ankle reflexes, vibration perception, 10-g monofilament, Ipswich touch test, neuropathy disability score, and nerve conduction studies, predict the development of DFUs. In addition, we examined whether sudomotor function screening tests, such as Neuropad, sympathetic skin response, and other tests, such as elevated plantar pressure or temperature measurements, can be used for DFU screening. If not treated properly, DFUs can have serious consequences, including amputation, early detection and treatment are vital for patient outcomes.

糖尿病足溃疡(DFUs)在糖尿病患者中的发病率为 4%-10%。糖尿病足溃疡会增加发病率和死亡率,降低生活质量,并对总体医疗支出产生重大影响。DFU的主要诱发因素是糖尿病神经病变、外周动脉疾病和外伤。事实上,有一系列检查可用于识别有 DFU 风险的患者,这往往会让从业人员对临床实践中应实施哪些筛查检查感到困惑。在此,我们试图确定针刺感、热(冷/热)试验、踝反射、振动知觉、10 克单丝、伊普斯威奇触摸试验、神经病变残疾评分和神经传导研究等躯体神经功能测试是否能预测 DFU 的发生。此外,我们还研究了神经垫(Neuropad)、交感神经皮肤反应等运动功能筛查测试以及足底压力升高或体温测量等其他测试是否可用于 DFU 筛查。如果治疗不当,DFU 可造成包括截肢在内的严重后果,因此早期发现和治疗对患者的预后至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The value of preoperative molecular testing in the management of Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid tumors. 术前分子检测在治疗贝塞斯达V型和贝塞斯达VI型甲状腺肿瘤中的价值。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00597-0
Anna Paspala, Georgia Bompetsi, Stavroula A Paschou, Anestis Charalambopoulos, Emmanuil Pikoulis, Melpomeni Peppa, Constantinos Nastos

The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over recent years due to the fact that several diagnostic tools, such as neck ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration, are being ever more widely adopted. Lately, another modality which might provide significant information preoperatively on the aggressiveness of a thyroid tumor, its prognosis, and its recurrence rate is molecular testing. We reviewed the literature with regard to the role of preoperative molecular testing in patients with Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules and its impact on choice of the optimal treatment strategy. Several molecular mutations and alterations are associated with thyroid cancer and its biological behavior, such as BRAF-V600E, RET, and TERT promoter. Although the value of preoperative molecular testing for indeterminate nodules (Bethesda III and Bethesda IV) have been analyzed in numerous studies, the impact of preoperative molecular testing on Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules is not adequately described in the current literature. The preoperative recognition of specific molecular mutations, such as BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutation, might provide more individualized management for thyroid cancer patients by altering the surgical approach and the extent of surgery for patients diagnosed with a more aggressive or iodine-resistant subtype of thyroid cancer.Thyroid cancer is characterized by multiple genetic mutations and alterations and, as a result, preoperative molecular testing of malignant nodules could be a very useful tool for surgeons, enabling them to decide on the most appropriate surgical approach for each patient.

近年来,由于颈部超声波和细针穿刺术等多种诊断工具被越来越广泛地采用,甲状腺癌的发病率有所上升。最近,另一种可以在术前为甲状腺肿瘤的侵袭性、预后和复发率提供重要信息的方式是分子检测。我们回顾了有关术前分子检测在贝塞斯达V型和贝塞斯达VI型甲状腺结节患者中的作用及其对选择最佳治疗策略的影响的文献。一些分子突变和改变与甲状腺癌及其生物学行为有关,如BRAF-V600E、RET和TERT启动子。虽然许多研究分析了术前分子检测对不确定结节(Bethesda III 和 Bethesda IV)的价值,但目前的文献还没有充分说明术前分子检测对 Bethesda V 和 Bethesda VI 甲状腺结节的影响。术前识别特定的分子突变,如BRAFV600E和TERT启动子突变,可能会为甲状腺癌患者提供更个体化的治疗,改变被诊断为侵袭性更强或耐碘亚型甲状腺癌患者的手术方式和手术范围。甲状腺癌的特点是多种基因突变和改变,因此,恶性结节的术前分子检测可能会成为外科医生非常有用的工具,使他们能够为每位患者决定最合适的手术方式。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study. 2 型糖尿病和多病症患者健康相关生活质量的决定因素:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00545-y
Kyriakos Kintzoglanakis, Leonidas Pavlou-Skantzis, Tatiana Themeli, Miltiades Kyprianou, Stavroula A Paschou

Purpose: To examine the determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes (PwD) and multimorbidity (MM) (at least one co-occurring condition besides T2D) among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with therapeutic targets.

Methods: A total of 179 PwD attending primary care (PC) in Greece answered the 15 dimension HRQoL (15D) questionnaire between August 2019 and October 2020. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM characteristics were recorded. MM was categorized as concordant or discordant based on whether or not it was related to the pathophysiology of T2D. Independent predictors of the 15D score were examined in stepwise regression models among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed.

Results: The mean 15D score was 0.85 ± 0.11 and the mean MM count was 4.3 ± 1.8. Significant predictors of a higher 15D score were male gender, married state, higher monthly income, and more physical activity. Significant predictors of a lower 15D score were employment, depression, musculoskeletal disease, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and MM count, but discordant had a stronger effect than concordant MM. Increasing MM count was not significantly correlated with A1C and was correlated with lower LDL-C.

Conclusion: Non-medical (physical activity and sociodemographic) rather than disease-related characteristics and discordant more than concordant co-occurring conditions affected HRQoL of multimorbid PwD who did not have worse (A1C) or achieved better (LDL-C) therapeutic targets. A generalist approach to the non-medical needs and overall health conditions of PwD could be promoted in PC within the social determinants of health and MM.

目的:研究2型糖尿病(PwD)和多病(MM)患者健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)的社会人口、疾病相关和MM变量中的决定因素,以及MM与治疗目标的关联:方法:2019 年 8 月至 2020 年 10 月期间,希腊共有 179 名接受初级保健(PC)的残疾人回答了 15 维 HRQoL(15D)问卷。记录了社会人口学、疾病相关和 MM 特征。根据 MM 是否与 T2D 的病理生理学相关,将其分为一致或不一致。在社会人口学、疾病相关和 MM 变量之间的逐步回归模型中,研究了 15D 评分的独立预测因素,并评估了 MM 与糖化血红蛋白(A1C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)之间的关联:结果:平均 15D 得分为 0.85 ± 0.11,平均 MM 数为 4.3 ± 1.8。男性性别、已婚状态、月收入较高和体力活动较多是预测 15D 得分较高的重要因素。就业、抑郁、肌肉骨骼疾病、冠状动脉疾病、神经病变和 MM 数量是 15D 得分较低的重要预测因素,但不和谐 MM 比和谐 MM 的影响更大。MM 数量的增加与 A1C 没有明显相关性,但与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的降低相关:结论:非医疗特征(体育活动和社会人口学特征)而非疾病相关特征以及不一致而非一致的并发症对多病症患者的 HRQoL 有影响,这些患者的 A1C 没有降低或 LDL-C 没有达到更好的治疗目标。在 PC 中,可以在健康的社会决定因素和 MM 的范围内,推广针对残疾人非医疗需求和总体健康状况的通才方法。
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引用次数: 0
A variant of uncertain significance of the HMGA2 gene in a child with Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype: a case report. 银-拉塞尔综合征样表型患儿中意义不明的 HMGA2 基因变异:病例报告。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x
Evangelos Bourousis, Maria Xatzipsalti, Ioulia Polychroni, Emmanouil Kanavakis, Lela Stamoyannou

Silver-Russell syndrome 5 (SRS5) is characterized by asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), poor postnatal growth, macrocephaly at birth, and feeding difficulties. Other possible features include triangular shaped face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthus, micrognathia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, and syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes. Pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) gene, on chromosome 12q14, which regulates the transcription of growth factor IGF2, have recently been associated with this syndrome. Herein, we present a 2.5-year-old boy with growth delay, SRS-like phenotype, and a variant of uncertain significance in the HMGA2 gene, which has not, to the best of our knowledge, been described to date in the medical literature. So far, 28 pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 gene in patients with clinical SRS phenotype have recently been reported. Therefore, HMGA2 gene testing should always be done in SRS patients who are found to be negative for the typical 11p15 (epi)mutations and matUPD7, while the mutations should also be added to growth retardation disorder panels.

西尔弗-鲁塞尔综合征 5(SRS5)的特征是不对称的宫内生长受限(IUGR)、产后生长不良、出生时巨头畸形和喂养困难。其他可能的特征包括三角形脸、前额突出、肥大、上睑下垂、小颌畸形、腕畸形、第 5 指畸形、第 2 和第 3 趾联合畸形。位于染色体 12q14 上的 HMGA2(高迁移率基因组 AT 钩 2)基因调节生长因子 IGF2 的转录,其致病变体最近被发现与该综合征有关。在此,我们介绍了一名患有生长发育迟缓、SRS 样表型的 2.5 岁男孩,他的 HMGA2 基因变异意义不明,据我们所知,迄今为止医学文献中还没有描述过这种变异。迄今为止,在临床 SRS 表型患者中,已有 28 个 HMGA2 基因致病变体的报道。因此,对于典型的 11p15(epi)基因突变和 matUPD7 阴性的 SRS 患者,应始终进行 HMGA2 基因检测,同时也应将该基因突变添加到生长迟缓障碍检测中。
{"title":"A variant of uncertain significance of the HMGA2 gene in a child with Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype: a case report.","authors":"Evangelos Bourousis, Maria Xatzipsalti, Ioulia Polychroni, Emmanouil Kanavakis, Lela Stamoyannou","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver-Russell syndrome 5 (SRS5) is characterized by asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), poor postnatal growth, macrocephaly at birth, and feeding difficulties. Other possible features include triangular shaped face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthus, micrognathia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, and syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes. Pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) gene, on chromosome 12q14, which regulates the transcription of growth factor IGF2, have recently been associated with this syndrome. Herein, we present a 2.5-year-old boy with growth delay, SRS-like phenotype, and a variant of uncertain significance in the HMGA2 gene, which has not, to the best of our knowledge, been described to date in the medical literature. So far, 28 pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 gene in patients with clinical SRS phenotype have recently been reported. Therefore, HMGA2 gene testing should always be done in SRS patients who are found to be negative for the typical 11p15 (epi)mutations and matUPD7, while the mutations should also be added to growth retardation disorder panels.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"591-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency results in impaired analgesic response during CFA-induced inflammation. 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素缺乏会导致 CFA 诱导的炎症过程中镇痛反应受损。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00565-8
Efthymia Karagianni, Olga Rassouli, Smaragda Poulaki, Eirini Dermitzaki, George Liapakis, Andrew N Margioris, Maria Venihaki

Purpose: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays an important role in relief of pain by releasing analgesia-associated molecules in several inflammatory states. During inflammation, peripheral CRH acts on cells of the immune system to stimulate the local expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the production of β-endorphin, which in turn binds to opioid receptors on sensory neurons to produce antinociception. In the present study, we further investigated the role of endogenous CRH in inflammatory pain by determining the effects of Crh-deficiency on this process.

Methods: For this purpose, we used Crh-deficient (Crh-/-) mice and their wildtype (Crh + / +) littermates in the CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant)-induced inflammatory pain model. Pain thresholds were evaluated with the Hargreaves apparatus.

Results: Our experiments showed that Crh deficiency led to increased pain response, which was associated with decreased POMC mRNA levels in locally inflamed paws of these mice. Furthermore, Crh-/- mice had higher paw edema than Crh + / + mice. Histological evaluation of inflamed paw tissues revealed increased inflammatory response in Crh-/- mice. Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, were higher in inflamed tissue of Crh-/- mice compared to wildtype mice. Corticosterone replacement increased the pain threshold of Crh-/- mice, restored their paw volume to the levels of wildtype mice, and significantly reduced their proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, glucocorticoid administration significantly increased POMC mRNA expression in the inflamed paw.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that genetic deficiency of CRH is associated with increased pain. This effect is likely attributable to the accompanying glucocorticoid insufficiency and is in part mediated by opioids expressed locally.

目的:促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)在几种炎症状态下释放镇痛相关分子,从而在缓解疼痛方面发挥重要作用。在炎症期间,外周CRH作用于免疫系统细胞,刺激原绒毛膜促皮质素(POMC)的局部表达和β-内啡肽的产生,而β-内啡肽又与感觉神经元上的阿片受体结合产生抗痛觉。在本研究中,我们通过确定Crh缺陷对这一过程的影响,进一步研究了内源性CRH在炎症性疼痛中的作用:为此,我们使用Crh缺陷(Crh-/-)小鼠及其野生型(Crh + / +)同系小鼠在CFA(完全弗氏佐剂)诱导的炎性疼痛模型中进行实验。用哈格里夫斯仪器评估了疼痛阈值:我们的实验表明,Crh缺乏会导致疼痛反应增强,这与这些小鼠局部发炎的爪子中POMC mRNA水平下降有关。此外,Crh-/-小鼠的爪水肿程度高于Crh + / +小鼠。对发炎的爪组织进行组织学评估后发现,Crh-/-小鼠的炎症反应加剧。与野生型小鼠相比,Crh-/-小鼠发炎组织中的促炎细胞因子,如IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的蛋白水平更高。替代皮质酮可提高 Crh-/- 小鼠的痛阈,使其爪体积恢复到野生型小鼠的水平,并显著降低其促炎细胞因子水平。此外,糖皮质激素能显著增加发炎爪子中 POMC mRNA 的表达:我们的数据表明,遗传性 CRH 缺乏与疼痛加剧有关。结论:我们的数据表明,CRH 基因缺陷与疼痛加剧有关,这种效应可能归因于伴随而来的糖皮质激素不足,并部分由局部表达的阿片类药物介导。
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引用次数: 0
Association between cardiometabolic index and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: a population-based study. 心脏代谢指数与肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化之间的关系:一项基于人群的研究。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00572-9
Lulu Cheng, Qinggang Wu, Siyu Wang

Background: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new type of obesity index that is based on a combination of lipid levels and abdominal obesity indicators. It is closely correlated with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other diseases, thus playing an important role in the screening of metabolic diseases. This is coupled with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis which are characterized by excessive liver fat deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis.

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to probe the relationship between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, while multiple linear regression models were used to test the linear association between CMI and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Smooth-fit curves and threshold effects analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and smoking status.

Results: A total of 3084 adults aged 18-80 years were included in this analysis, and after controlling for a variety of variables, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and CAP [20.38 (16.27,24.49)]. When subgroups were analyzed, this positive correlation was found to be stronger in the female population than in the male (P for interaction = 0.0303). Furthermore, the association between CMI and CAP was nonlinear. Using multiple regression analysis, it was shown that the linear relationship between CMI and liver fibrosis was not significant [-0.09 (-0.47,0.29)].

Conclusions: The findings suggest that elevated CMI levels are associated with hepatic steatosis, but that CMI is not linked to liver fibrosis. Larger prospective investigations are needed to confirm our findings.

背景:心脏代谢指数(CMI)是基于血脂水平和腹部肥胖指标组合而成的一种新型肥胖指数。它与糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、高血压等疾病的发生密切相关,因此在代谢性疾病的筛查中发挥着重要作用。此外,肝脏脂肪沉积过多还会导致肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化。本研究旨在探讨 CMI 与肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化之间可能存在的关联:采用2017-2020年美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)数据集进行横断面调查,探究CMI与肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化之间的关系,同时采用多元线性回归模型检验CMI与受控衰减参数(CAP)和肝硬度测量(LSM)之间的线性关系。平滑拟合曲线和阈值效应分析用于描述非线性关系。根据性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和吸烟状况进行了分组分析:在对各种变量进行控制后,CMI 与 CAP 之间存在显著的正相关性[20.38 (16.27,24.49)]。在对亚组进行分析时,发现这种正相关性在女性人群中比在男性人群中更强(交互作用 P = 0.0303)。此外,CMI 与 CAP 之间的关系是非线性的。使用多元回归分析表明,CMI 与肝纤维化之间的线性关系并不显著[-0.09 (-0.47,0.29)]:研究结果表明,CMI 水平升高与肝脏脂肪变性有关,但 CMI 与肝纤维化无关。需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来证实我们的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in the management of patients with HNF1B MODY and multisystem manifestations: the cases of two adolescent boys. 治疗 HNF1B MODY 和多系统表现患者的挑战:两个青少年男孩的病例。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00580-9
Aikaterini Vourdoumpa, George Paltoglou, Anny Mertzanian, Amalia Sertedaki, Irini-Ikbale Sakou, Spyridon Karanasios, Kyriaki Karavanaki, Evangelia Charmandari

Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, which is expressed early in embryogenesis and is involved in the development of multiple tissues and organs. HNF1B mutations cause complex multisystem disorders, with renal developmental disease and maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B MODY), a rare cause of diabetes mellitus, being representative features.

Methods: We present two adolescent boys from different socioeconomic backgrounds who were diagnosed with genetically confirmed HNF1B MODY following hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and after diagnostic work-up due to impaired glucose tolerance in the second case. Multisystem manifestations, including pancreatic hypoplasia and early-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), renal cysts, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, liver and biliary impairment, genital tract malformations, and primary hyperparathyroidism were also present, strongly suggesting HNF1B MODY.

Results: The first patient was treated with subcutaneous insulin but was lost to follow-up due to social reasons. Conversely, early diagnosis in the second patient allowed the management of multisystem defects by a multidisciplinary team of experts. Moreover, manifestation of HNF1B MODY in the form of diabetic ketoacidosis was prevented and a structured diabetes training program has proven successful in regulating glycemic control, postponing the necessity for insulin treatment.

Conclusion: Early genetic work-up of patients with dysglycemia associated with a specific phenotype suggestive of HNF1B MODY is extremely important in the care of children and adolescents with diabetes since it ensures that early and optimal management is initiated, thereby preventing the onset of life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis and other multisystem complications and/or comorbidities.

简介肝细胞核因子-1β(HNF1B)编码一种含同源染色体的转录因子,它在胚胎发生早期表达,参与多种组织和器官的发育。HNF1B 基因突变会导致复杂的多系统疾病,其中肾脏发育疾病和青年期成熟型糖尿病(HNF1B MODY)(一种罕见的糖尿病病因)是其代表性特征:我们介绍了两名来自不同社会经济背景的青少年男孩,第一名男孩因糖尿病酮症酸中毒住院,第二名男孩因糖耐量受损经诊断后被确诊为遗传学确证的 HNF1B MODY。患者还出现了多系统表现,包括胰腺发育不全和早发性糖尿病(DM)、肾囊肿、低镁血症、高尿酸血症、肝胆功能损害、生殖道畸形和原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进,这些都强烈提示患者患有 HNF1B MODY:第一例患者接受了皮下注射胰岛素治疗,但由于社会原因失去了随访机会。相反,第二名患者的早期诊断使得多学科专家团队能够对多系统缺陷进行治疗。此外,还避免了 HNF1B MODY 以糖尿病酮症酸中毒的形式出现,有组织的糖尿病培训计划已被证明能成功调节血糖控制,推迟了胰岛素治疗的必要性:结论:对伴有 HNF1B MODY 特殊表型的血糖异常患者进行早期遗传学检查,对于儿童和青少年糖尿病患者的治疗极为重要,因为这可以确保及早采取最佳治疗措施,从而防止出现危及生命的糖尿病酮症酸中毒及其他多系统并发症和/或合并症。
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引用次数: 0
End of an era: the passing of pioneers of cloning. 一个时代的结束:克隆先驱的逝去。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00581-8
Eli Y Adashi, Constantine A Stratakis
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引用次数: 0
Correction: How does exosome cause diabetes? 更正:外泌体如何导致糖尿病?
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00582-7
Fei Hu, Yicong Yu, Hongming Xu
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Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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