Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.
{"title":"Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review.","authors":"Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou, Flora Bacopoulou, Styliani Fidani, Athanasios Christoforidis","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-024-00594-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menarche, the first menstrual period marking the onset of female reproduction, is a milestone of female puberty. The timing of menarche determines the timing of later phases of pubertal maturation in girls and has major implications for health later in life, including behavioral and psychosocial disorders during adolescence and fertility problems and increased risk for certain diseases in adulthood. Over the last few decades, a continuous decline in age at menarche has been noted, with environmental factors contributing to this change in the timing of menarche. However, a genetic component of age at menarche and pubertal onset has been strongly suggested by studies in families and twins wherein up to approximately 80% of the variance in puberty onset can be explained by heritability. Gene association studies have revealed several genetic loci involved in age at menarche, among which LIN28B has emerged as a key regulator of female growth and puberty. LIN28B, a human homolog of Lin28 of C. elegans, is a known RNA-binding protein that regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the association of polymorphisms in the LIN28B gene with age at menarche in several population cohorts worldwide. In this paper, we review the genetic factors contributing to age of menarche, with particular focus on the identified polymorphisms in LIN28B gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is 4 to 10% among people with diabetes mellitus. DFUs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced quality of life and have a significant impact on overall healthcare expenditure. The main predisposing factors for DFU are diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and trauma. The fact that a range of tests can be used to identify patients at risk for DFU often causes confusion among practitioners regarding which screening tests should be implemented in clinical practice. Herein we sought to determine whether tests of somatic nerve function, such as pinprick sensation, thermal (cold/hot) test, ankle reflexes, vibration perception, 10-g monofilament, Ipswich touch test, neuropathy disability score, and nerve conduction studies, predict the development of DFUs. In addition, we examined whether sudomotor function screening tests, such as Neuropad, sympathetic skin response, and other tests, such as elevated plantar pressure or temperature measurements, can be used for DFU screening. If not treated properly, DFUs can have serious consequences, including amputation, early detection and treatment are vital for patient outcomes.
{"title":"Screening tools for diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review.","authors":"Anastasios Tentolouris, Anastasia Stergioti, Ioanna Eleftheriadou, Christos Siafarikas, Dimitrios Tsilingiris","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00598-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-024-00598-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is 4 to 10% among people with diabetes mellitus. DFUs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced quality of life and have a significant impact on overall healthcare expenditure. The main predisposing factors for DFU are diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and trauma. The fact that a range of tests can be used to identify patients at risk for DFU often causes confusion among practitioners regarding which screening tests should be implemented in clinical practice. Herein we sought to determine whether tests of somatic nerve function, such as pinprick sensation, thermal (cold/hot) test, ankle reflexes, vibration perception, 10-g monofilament, Ipswich touch test, neuropathy disability score, and nerve conduction studies, predict the development of DFUs. In addition, we examined whether sudomotor function screening tests, such as Neuropad, sympathetic skin response, and other tests, such as elevated plantar pressure or temperature measurements, can be used for DFU screening. If not treated properly, DFUs can have serious consequences, including amputation, early detection and treatment are vital for patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00597-0
Anna Paspala, Georgia Bompetsi, Stavroula A Paschou, Anestis Charalambopoulos, Emmanuil Pikoulis, Melpomeni Peppa, Constantinos Nastos
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over recent years due to the fact that several diagnostic tools, such as neck ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration, are being ever more widely adopted. Lately, another modality which might provide significant information preoperatively on the aggressiveness of a thyroid tumor, its prognosis, and its recurrence rate is molecular testing. We reviewed the literature with regard to the role of preoperative molecular testing in patients with Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules and its impact on choice of the optimal treatment strategy. Several molecular mutations and alterations are associated with thyroid cancer and its biological behavior, such as BRAF-V600E, RET, and TERT promoter. Although the value of preoperative molecular testing for indeterminate nodules (Bethesda III and Bethesda IV) have been analyzed in numerous studies, the impact of preoperative molecular testing on Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules is not adequately described in the current literature. The preoperative recognition of specific molecular mutations, such as BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutation, might provide more individualized management for thyroid cancer patients by altering the surgical approach and the extent of surgery for patients diagnosed with a more aggressive or iodine-resistant subtype of thyroid cancer.Thyroid cancer is characterized by multiple genetic mutations and alterations and, as a result, preoperative molecular testing of malignant nodules could be a very useful tool for surgeons, enabling them to decide on the most appropriate surgical approach for each patient.
近年来,由于颈部超声波和细针穿刺术等多种诊断工具被越来越广泛地采用,甲状腺癌的发病率有所上升。最近,另一种可以在术前为甲状腺肿瘤的侵袭性、预后和复发率提供重要信息的方式是分子检测。我们回顾了有关术前分子检测在贝塞斯达V型和贝塞斯达VI型甲状腺结节患者中的作用及其对选择最佳治疗策略的影响的文献。一些分子突变和改变与甲状腺癌及其生物学行为有关,如BRAF-V600E、RET和TERT启动子。虽然许多研究分析了术前分子检测对不确定结节(Bethesda III 和 Bethesda IV)的价值,但目前的文献还没有充分说明术前分子检测对 Bethesda V 和 Bethesda VI 甲状腺结节的影响。术前识别特定的分子突变,如BRAFV600E和TERT启动子突变,可能会为甲状腺癌患者提供更个体化的治疗,改变被诊断为侵袭性更强或耐碘亚型甲状腺癌患者的手术方式和手术范围。甲状腺癌的特点是多种基因突变和改变,因此,恶性结节的术前分子检测可能会成为外科医生非常有用的工具,使他们能够为每位患者决定最合适的手术方式。
{"title":"The value of preoperative molecular testing in the management of Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid tumors.","authors":"Anna Paspala, Georgia Bompetsi, Stavroula A Paschou, Anestis Charalambopoulos, Emmanuil Pikoulis, Melpomeni Peppa, Constantinos Nastos","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00597-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-024-00597-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over recent years due to the fact that several diagnostic tools, such as neck ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration, are being ever more widely adopted. Lately, another modality which might provide significant information preoperatively on the aggressiveness of a thyroid tumor, its prognosis, and its recurrence rate is molecular testing. We reviewed the literature with regard to the role of preoperative molecular testing in patients with Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules and its impact on choice of the optimal treatment strategy. Several molecular mutations and alterations are associated with thyroid cancer and its biological behavior, such as BRAF-V600E, RET, and TERT promoter. Although the value of preoperative molecular testing for indeterminate nodules (Bethesda III and Bethesda IV) have been analyzed in numerous studies, the impact of preoperative molecular testing on Bethesda V and Bethesda VI thyroid nodules is not adequately described in the current literature. The preoperative recognition of specific molecular mutations, such as BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutation, might provide more individualized management for thyroid cancer patients by altering the surgical approach and the extent of surgery for patients diagnosed with a more aggressive or iodine-resistant subtype of thyroid cancer.Thyroid cancer is characterized by multiple genetic mutations and alterations and, as a result, preoperative molecular testing of malignant nodules could be a very useful tool for surgeons, enabling them to decide on the most appropriate surgical approach for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To examine the determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes (PwD) and multimorbidity (MM) (at least one co-occurring condition besides T2D) among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with therapeutic targets.
Methods: A total of 179 PwD attending primary care (PC) in Greece answered the 15 dimension HRQoL (15D) questionnaire between August 2019 and October 2020. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM characteristics were recorded. MM was categorized as concordant or discordant based on whether or not it was related to the pathophysiology of T2D. Independent predictors of the 15D score were examined in stepwise regression models among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed.
Results: The mean 15D score was 0.85 ± 0.11 and the mean MM count was 4.3 ± 1.8. Significant predictors of a higher 15D score were male gender, married state, higher monthly income, and more physical activity. Significant predictors of a lower 15D score were employment, depression, musculoskeletal disease, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and MM count, but discordant had a stronger effect than concordant MM. Increasing MM count was not significantly correlated with A1C and was correlated with lower LDL-C.
Conclusion: Non-medical (physical activity and sociodemographic) rather than disease-related characteristics and discordant more than concordant co-occurring conditions affected HRQoL of multimorbid PwD who did not have worse (A1C) or achieved better (LDL-C) therapeutic targets. A generalist approach to the non-medical needs and overall health conditions of PwD could be promoted in PC within the social determinants of health and MM.
目的:研究2型糖尿病(PwD)和多病(MM)患者健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)的社会人口、疾病相关和MM变量中的决定因素,以及MM与治疗目标的关联:方法:2019 年 8 月至 2020 年 10 月期间,希腊共有 179 名接受初级保健(PC)的残疾人回答了 15 维 HRQoL(15D)问卷。记录了社会人口学、疾病相关和 MM 特征。根据 MM 是否与 T2D 的病理生理学相关,将其分为一致或不一致。在社会人口学、疾病相关和 MM 变量之间的逐步回归模型中,研究了 15D 评分的独立预测因素,并评估了 MM 与糖化血红蛋白(A1C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)之间的关联:结果:平均 15D 得分为 0.85 ± 0.11,平均 MM 数为 4.3 ± 1.8。男性性别、已婚状态、月收入较高和体力活动较多是预测 15D 得分较高的重要因素。就业、抑郁、肌肉骨骼疾病、冠状动脉疾病、神经病变和 MM 数量是 15D 得分较低的重要预测因素,但不和谐 MM 比和谐 MM 的影响更大。MM 数量的增加与 A1C 没有明显相关性,但与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的降低相关:结论:非医疗特征(体育活动和社会人口学特征)而非疾病相关特征以及不一致而非一致的并发症对多病症患者的 HRQoL 有影响,这些患者的 A1C 没有降低或 LDL-C 没有达到更好的治疗目标。在 PC 中,可以在健康的社会决定因素和 MM 的范围内,推广针对残疾人非医疗需求和总体健康状况的通才方法。
{"title":"Determinants of health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kyriakos Kintzoglanakis, Leonidas Pavlou-Skantzis, Tatiana Themeli, Miltiades Kyprianou, Stavroula A Paschou","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00545-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00545-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes (PwD) and multimorbidity (MM) (at least one co-occurring condition besides T2D) among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 179 PwD attending primary care (PC) in Greece answered the 15 dimension HRQoL (15D) questionnaire between August 2019 and October 2020. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM characteristics were recorded. MM was categorized as concordant or discordant based on whether or not it was related to the pathophysiology of T2D. Independent predictors of the 15D score were examined in stepwise regression models among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean 15D score was 0.85 ± 0.11 and the mean MM count was 4.3 ± 1.8. Significant predictors of a higher 15D score were male gender, married state, higher monthly income, and more physical activity. Significant predictors of a lower 15D score were employment, depression, musculoskeletal disease, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and MM count, but discordant had a stronger effect than concordant MM. Increasing MM count was not significantly correlated with A1C and was correlated with lower LDL-C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-medical (physical activity and sociodemographic) rather than disease-related characteristics and discordant more than concordant co-occurring conditions affected HRQoL of multimorbid PwD who did not have worse (A1C) or achieved better (LDL-C) therapeutic targets. A generalist approach to the non-medical needs and overall health conditions of PwD could be promoted in PC within the social determinants of health and MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"407-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x
Evangelos Bourousis, Maria Xatzipsalti, Ioulia Polychroni, Emmanouil Kanavakis, Lela Stamoyannou
Silver-Russell syndrome 5 (SRS5) is characterized by asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), poor postnatal growth, macrocephaly at birth, and feeding difficulties. Other possible features include triangular shaped face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthus, micrognathia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, and syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes. Pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) gene, on chromosome 12q14, which regulates the transcription of growth factor IGF2, have recently been associated with this syndrome. Herein, we present a 2.5-year-old boy with growth delay, SRS-like phenotype, and a variant of uncertain significance in the HMGA2 gene, which has not, to the best of our knowledge, been described to date in the medical literature. So far, 28 pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 gene in patients with clinical SRS phenotype have recently been reported. Therefore, HMGA2 gene testing should always be done in SRS patients who are found to be negative for the typical 11p15 (epi)mutations and matUPD7, while the mutations should also be added to growth retardation disorder panels.
{"title":"A variant of uncertain significance of the HMGA2 gene in a child with Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype: a case report.","authors":"Evangelos Bourousis, Maria Xatzipsalti, Ioulia Polychroni, Emmanouil Kanavakis, Lela Stamoyannou","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00562-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver-Russell syndrome 5 (SRS5) is characterized by asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), poor postnatal growth, macrocephaly at birth, and feeding difficulties. Other possible features include triangular shaped face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthus, micrognathia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, and syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes. Pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 (high mobility group AT-hook 2) gene, on chromosome 12q14, which regulates the transcription of growth factor IGF2, have recently been associated with this syndrome. Herein, we present a 2.5-year-old boy with growth delay, SRS-like phenotype, and a variant of uncertain significance in the HMGA2 gene, which has not, to the best of our knowledge, been described to date in the medical literature. So far, 28 pathogenic variants of the HMGA2 gene in patients with clinical SRS phenotype have recently been reported. Therefore, HMGA2 gene testing should always be done in SRS patients who are found to be negative for the typical 11p15 (epi)mutations and matUPD7, while the mutations should also be added to growth retardation disorder panels.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"591-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00565-8
Efthymia Karagianni, Olga Rassouli, Smaragda Poulaki, Eirini Dermitzaki, George Liapakis, Andrew N Margioris, Maria Venihaki
Purpose: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays an important role in relief of pain by releasing analgesia-associated molecules in several inflammatory states. During inflammation, peripheral CRH acts on cells of the immune system to stimulate the local expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the production of β-endorphin, which in turn binds to opioid receptors on sensory neurons to produce antinociception. In the present study, we further investigated the role of endogenous CRH in inflammatory pain by determining the effects of Crh-deficiency on this process.
Methods: For this purpose, we used Crh-deficient (Crh-/-) mice and their wildtype (Crh + / +) littermates in the CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant)-induced inflammatory pain model. Pain thresholds were evaluated with the Hargreaves apparatus.
Results: Our experiments showed that Crh deficiency led to increased pain response, which was associated with decreased POMC mRNA levels in locally inflamed paws of these mice. Furthermore, Crh-/- mice had higher paw edema than Crh + / + mice. Histological evaluation of inflamed paw tissues revealed increased inflammatory response in Crh-/- mice. Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, were higher in inflamed tissue of Crh-/- mice compared to wildtype mice. Corticosterone replacement increased the pain threshold of Crh-/- mice, restored their paw volume to the levels of wildtype mice, and significantly reduced their proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, glucocorticoid administration significantly increased POMC mRNA expression in the inflamed paw.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that genetic deficiency of CRH is associated with increased pain. This effect is likely attributable to the accompanying glucocorticoid insufficiency and is in part mediated by opioids expressed locally.
{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency results in impaired analgesic response during CFA-induced inflammation.","authors":"Efthymia Karagianni, Olga Rassouli, Smaragda Poulaki, Eirini Dermitzaki, George Liapakis, Andrew N Margioris, Maria Venihaki","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00565-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00565-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays an important role in relief of pain by releasing analgesia-associated molecules in several inflammatory states. During inflammation, peripheral CRH acts on cells of the immune system to stimulate the local expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the production of β-endorphin, which in turn binds to opioid receptors on sensory neurons to produce antinociception. In the present study, we further investigated the role of endogenous CRH in inflammatory pain by determining the effects of Crh-deficiency on this process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this purpose, we used Crh-deficient (Crh-/-) mice and their wildtype (Crh + / +) littermates in the CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant)-induced inflammatory pain model. Pain thresholds were evaluated with the Hargreaves apparatus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our experiments showed that Crh deficiency led to increased pain response, which was associated with decreased POMC mRNA levels in locally inflamed paws of these mice. Furthermore, Crh-/- mice had higher paw edema than Crh + / + mice. Histological evaluation of inflamed paw tissues revealed increased inflammatory response in Crh-/- mice. Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, were higher in inflamed tissue of Crh-/- mice compared to wildtype mice. Corticosterone replacement increased the pain threshold of Crh-/- mice, restored their paw volume to the levels of wildtype mice, and significantly reduced their proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, glucocorticoid administration significantly increased POMC mRNA expression in the inflamed paw.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that genetic deficiency of CRH is associated with increased pain. This effect is likely attributable to the accompanying glucocorticoid insufficiency and is in part mediated by opioids expressed locally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"535-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00572-9
Lulu Cheng, Qinggang Wu, Siyu Wang
Background: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new type of obesity index that is based on a combination of lipid levels and abdominal obesity indicators. It is closely correlated with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other diseases, thus playing an important role in the screening of metabolic diseases. This is coupled with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis which are characterized by excessive liver fat deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis.
Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to probe the relationship between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, while multiple linear regression models were used to test the linear association between CMI and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Smooth-fit curves and threshold effects analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and smoking status.
Results: A total of 3084 adults aged 18-80 years were included in this analysis, and after controlling for a variety of variables, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and CAP [20.38 (16.27,24.49)]. When subgroups were analyzed, this positive correlation was found to be stronger in the female population than in the male (P for interaction = 0.0303). Furthermore, the association between CMI and CAP was nonlinear. Using multiple regression analysis, it was shown that the linear relationship between CMI and liver fibrosis was not significant [-0.09 (-0.47,0.29)].
Conclusions: The findings suggest that elevated CMI levels are associated with hepatic steatosis, but that CMI is not linked to liver fibrosis. Larger prospective investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
背景:心脏代谢指数(CMI)是基于血脂水平和腹部肥胖指标组合而成的一种新型肥胖指数。它与糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、高血压等疾病的发生密切相关,因此在代谢性疾病的筛查中发挥着重要作用。此外,肝脏脂肪沉积过多还会导致肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化。本研究旨在探讨 CMI 与肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化之间可能存在的关联:采用2017-2020年美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)数据集进行横断面调查,探究CMI与肝脂肪变性和肝纤维化之间的关系,同时采用多元线性回归模型检验CMI与受控衰减参数(CAP)和肝硬度测量(LSM)之间的线性关系。平滑拟合曲线和阈值效应分析用于描述非线性关系。根据性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和吸烟状况进行了分组分析:在对各种变量进行控制后,CMI 与 CAP 之间存在显著的正相关性[20.38 (16.27,24.49)]。在对亚组进行分析时,发现这种正相关性在女性人群中比在男性人群中更强(交互作用 P = 0.0303)。此外,CMI 与 CAP 之间的关系是非线性的。使用多元回归分析表明,CMI 与肝纤维化之间的线性关系并不显著[-0.09 (-0.47,0.29)]:研究结果表明,CMI 水平升高与肝脏脂肪变性有关,但 CMI 与肝纤维化无关。需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来证实我们的发现。
{"title":"Association between cardiometabolic index and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: a population-based study.","authors":"Lulu Cheng, Qinggang Wu, Siyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00572-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00572-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new type of obesity index that is based on a combination of lipid levels and abdominal obesity indicators. It is closely correlated with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other diseases, thus playing an important role in the screening of metabolic diseases. This is coupled with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis which are characterized by excessive liver fat deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to probe the relationship between CMI and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, while multiple linear regression models were used to test the linear association between CMI and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Smooth-fit curves and threshold effects analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3084 adults aged 18-80 years were included in this analysis, and after controlling for a variety of variables, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and CAP [20.38 (16.27,24.49)]. When subgroups were analyzed, this positive correlation was found to be stronger in the female population than in the male (P for interaction = 0.0303). Furthermore, the association between CMI and CAP was nonlinear. Using multiple regression analysis, it was shown that the linear relationship between CMI and liver fibrosis was not significant [-0.09 (-0.47,0.29)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that elevated CMI levels are associated with hepatic steatosis, but that CMI is not linked to liver fibrosis. Larger prospective investigations are needed to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00580-9
Aikaterini Vourdoumpa, George Paltoglou, Anny Mertzanian, Amalia Sertedaki, Irini-Ikbale Sakou, Spyridon Karanasios, Kyriaki Karavanaki, Evangelia Charmandari
Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, which is expressed early in embryogenesis and is involved in the development of multiple tissues and organs. HNF1B mutations cause complex multisystem disorders, with renal developmental disease and maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B MODY), a rare cause of diabetes mellitus, being representative features.
Methods: We present two adolescent boys from different socioeconomic backgrounds who were diagnosed with genetically confirmed HNF1B MODY following hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and after diagnostic work-up due to impaired glucose tolerance in the second case. Multisystem manifestations, including pancreatic hypoplasia and early-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), renal cysts, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, liver and biliary impairment, genital tract malformations, and primary hyperparathyroidism were also present, strongly suggesting HNF1B MODY.
Results: The first patient was treated with subcutaneous insulin but was lost to follow-up due to social reasons. Conversely, early diagnosis in the second patient allowed the management of multisystem defects by a multidisciplinary team of experts. Moreover, manifestation of HNF1B MODY in the form of diabetic ketoacidosis was prevented and a structured diabetes training program has proven successful in regulating glycemic control, postponing the necessity for insulin treatment.
Conclusion: Early genetic work-up of patients with dysglycemia associated with a specific phenotype suggestive of HNF1B MODY is extremely important in the care of children and adolescents with diabetes since it ensures that early and optimal management is initiated, thereby preventing the onset of life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis and other multisystem complications and/or comorbidities.
{"title":"Challenges in the management of patients with HNF1B MODY and multisystem manifestations: the cases of two adolescent boys.","authors":"Aikaterini Vourdoumpa, George Paltoglou, Anny Mertzanian, Amalia Sertedaki, Irini-Ikbale Sakou, Spyridon Karanasios, Kyriaki Karavanaki, Evangelia Charmandari","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00580-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00580-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, which is expressed early in embryogenesis and is involved in the development of multiple tissues and organs. HNF1B mutations cause complex multisystem disorders, with renal developmental disease and maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B MODY), a rare cause of diabetes mellitus, being representative features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present two adolescent boys from different socioeconomic backgrounds who were diagnosed with genetically confirmed HNF1B MODY following hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and after diagnostic work-up due to impaired glucose tolerance in the second case. Multisystem manifestations, including pancreatic hypoplasia and early-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), renal cysts, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, liver and biliary impairment, genital tract malformations, and primary hyperparathyroidism were also present, strongly suggesting HNF1B MODY.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first patient was treated with subcutaneous insulin but was lost to follow-up due to social reasons. Conversely, early diagnosis in the second patient allowed the management of multisystem defects by a multidisciplinary team of experts. Moreover, manifestation of HNF1B MODY in the form of diabetic ketoacidosis was prevented and a structured diabetes training program has proven successful in regulating glycemic control, postponing the necessity for insulin treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early genetic work-up of patients with dysglycemia associated with a specific phenotype suggestive of HNF1B MODY is extremely important in the care of children and adolescents with diabetes since it ensures that early and optimal management is initiated, thereby preventing the onset of life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis and other multisystem complications and/or comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"439-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00581-8
Eli Y Adashi, Constantine A Stratakis
{"title":"End of an era: the passing of pioneers of cloning.","authors":"Eli Y Adashi, Constantine A Stratakis","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00581-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00581-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"361-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00582-7
Fei Hu, Yicong Yu, Hongming Xu
{"title":"Correction: How does exosome cause diabetes?","authors":"Fei Hu, Yicong Yu, Hongming Xu","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00582-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00582-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}