Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2403-1
William Villalobos-Muller, L. Garita-Salazar, Ana María Conejo-Barboza, I. Sandoval-Carvajal, Mauricio Montero Astúa, Lisela Moreira-Carmona
Objective/Background. Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) is a small tree distributed naturally from Mexico to Argentina and the Caribbean Bassin. Bocconia trees showing symptoms resembling phytoplasmas infection, such as little leaves and witches´-broom, were found in Cartago province, Costa Rica. Detection and identification of the potential phytoplasmas associated with B. frutescens little leaf symptoms was the objective out of this study. Materials and Methods. Evaluation of leaves tissue using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nested PCR using universal and specific primers to amplify phytoplasmas 16S rRNA and secA genes. Nucleotidic sequences (Sanger method) were obtained from amplicons, and used for BLASTn, phylogenetic analyses, and in silico RFLP’s. Results. Presence of phytoplasmas into phloem tissue, only in symptomatic trees, was evidenced by TEM. Comparison of partial sequences (16Sr and secA genes) by BLASTn, in silico RFLP´s and phylogenetic analyses, showed the occurrence of a ´Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni´ related strain in the samples evaluated. Conclusion. Phytoplasmas were found only in the symptomatic B. frutescens trees evaluated. The phytoplasmas were identified as a ´Ca. Phytoplasma pruni´ related strain. This is the first report of B. frutescens as a natural host of ´Ca. Phytoplasma pruni´.
目的/背景。Bocconia frutescens（木犀科）是一种小乔木，自然分布于墨西哥到阿根廷和加勒比海盆地。在哥斯达黎加的卡塔戈省发现了一些 Bocconia 树，这些树表现出类似植物病原体感染的症状，如小叶子和女巫扫帚。本研究的目的是检测和鉴定与 B. frutescens 小叶症状相关的潜在植原体。材料和方法。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对叶片组织进行评估，使用通用引物和特异引物进行嵌套 PCR，扩增植原体 16S rRNA 和 secA 基因。从扩增子中获得核苷酸序列（桑格方法），并用于 BLASTn、系统发育分析和硅RFLP分析。结果只有在有症状的树木的韧皮部组织中才有植物病原体，这一点通过 TEM 得到了证明。通过 BLASTn 对部分序列（16Sr 和 secA 基因）进行比较，并进行系统发育分析和硅学 RFLP 分析，结果表明在评估的样本中发现了一种与 ´Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni´ 相关的菌株。结论仅在评估的有症状的 B. frutescens 树木中发现了植原体。植原体被鉴定为 ´Ca.Phytoplasma pruni´ 相关菌株。这是 B. frutescens 作为 ´Ca.Phytoplasma pruni´.
{"title":"Bocconia frutescens little leaf, a new plant disease associated to a ´Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni´ related strain in Costa Rica","authors":"William Villalobos-Muller, L. Garita-Salazar, Ana María Conejo-Barboza, I. Sandoval-Carvajal, Mauricio Montero Astúa, Lisela Moreira-Carmona","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2403-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2403-1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective/Background. Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) is a small tree distributed naturally from Mexico to Argentina and the Caribbean Bassin. Bocconia trees showing symptoms resembling phytoplasmas infection, such as little leaves and witches´-broom, were found in Cartago province, Costa Rica. Detection and identification of the potential phytoplasmas associated with B. frutescens little leaf symptoms was the objective out of this study. Materials and Methods. Evaluation of leaves tissue using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nested PCR using universal and specific primers to amplify phytoplasmas 16S rRNA and secA genes. Nucleotidic sequences (Sanger method) were obtained from amplicons, and used for BLASTn, phylogenetic analyses, and in silico RFLP’s. Results. Presence of phytoplasmas into phloem tissue, only in symptomatic trees, was evidenced by TEM. Comparison of partial sequences (16Sr and secA genes) by BLASTn, in silico RFLP´s and phylogenetic analyses, showed the occurrence of a ´Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni´ related strain in the samples evaluated. Conclusion. Phytoplasmas were found only in the symptomatic B. frutescens trees evaluated. The phytoplasmas were identified as a ´Ca. Phytoplasma pruni´ related strain. This is the first report of B. frutescens as a natural host of ´Ca. Phytoplasma pruni´.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-5
Miguel Ángel Ruíz-González, M. A. Serrato-Cruz, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, R. Solano-Vidal
Background / Objective. Aromatic plants contain chemical compounds with potential to formulate antifungal products. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition in hydrolates of Tagetes species and to evaluate their effect in vitro and in vivo against disease-associated fungi in strawberry. Materials and Methods. The hydrolates of T. coronopifolia, T. minuta, T. parryi and T. terniflora were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry. Hydrolates at 100, 75, 50 and 25 % and Promyl commercial fungicides were evaluated in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Ridomil Gold against Phytophthora capsici. In the in vivo evaluation, strawberry plants sprayed with the hydrolates and 24 h later the plants were inoculated with 1 x 106 spore suspension. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Turkey’s means test (p ≤ 0.05). Results. Monoterpenes were the major compounds in the four Tagetes species. T. parryi hydrolate in vitro totally inhibited the growth of B. cinerea being effective as a preventive treatment in the in vivo evaluation. F. oxysporum, P. capsici and R. solani were less susceptible to all the hydrolats. Conclusion. T. parryi hydrolate can be applied as a preventative against B. cinerea on strawberry plants.
背景/目的。芳香植物所含的化合物具有配制抗真菌产品的潜力。本研究的目的是鉴定万寿菊水合化合物的化学成分，并评估其在体外和体内对草莓中与疾病相关的真菌的作用。材料和方法。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了 T. coronopifolia、T. minuta、T. parryi 和 T. terniflora 的水合产物。在体外对 100%、75%、50% 和 25% 的 Hydrolates 和 Promyl 商用杀菌剂进行了评估，以对抗灰霉病菌、镰孢菌和根瘤菌，并对 Ridomil Gold 对抗疫霉进行了评估。在体内评估中，草莓植株喷洒了水合制剂，24 小时后植株接种了 1 x 106 孢子悬浮液。数据分析采用方差分析和土耳其均值检验（P ≤ 0.05）。结果单萜是四种万寿菊中的主要化合物。T. parryi 水解产物在体外能完全抑制 B. cinerea 的生长，在体内评估中也能有效预防。F. oxysporum、P. capsici 和 R. solani 对所有水合酯的敏感性都较低。结论T. parryi 水解剂可用于预防草莓植株上的菌核病。
{"title":"Chemical composition of Tagetes hydrolates and in vitro and in vivo evaluation against disease ssociated fungi in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Ruíz-González, M. A. Serrato-Cruz, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, R. Solano-Vidal","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-5","url":null,"abstract":"Background / Objective. Aromatic plants contain chemical compounds with potential to formulate antifungal products. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition in hydrolates of Tagetes species and to evaluate their effect in vitro and in vivo against disease-associated fungi in strawberry. Materials and Methods. The hydrolates of T. coronopifolia, T. minuta, T. parryi and T. terniflora were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry. Hydrolates at 100, 75, 50 and 25 % and Promyl commercial fungicides were evaluated in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Ridomil Gold against Phytophthora capsici. In the in vivo evaluation, strawberry plants sprayed with the hydrolates and 24 h later the plants were inoculated with 1 x 106 spore suspension. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Turkey’s means test (p ≤ 0.05). Results. Monoterpenes were the major compounds in the four Tagetes species. T. parryi hydrolate in vitro totally inhibited the growth of B. cinerea being effective as a preventive treatment in the in vivo evaluation. F. oxysporum, P. capsici and R. solani were less susceptible to all the hydrolats. Conclusion. T. parryi hydrolate can be applied as a preventative against B. cinerea on strawberry plants.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-1
María Emilia Belingheri Lagunes, Rosario Medel-Ortiz, Alejandro Salinas-Castro, Dora Trejo Aguilar
Objectives/Background. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic capacity of a strain of Clonostachys sp. against five species of fungi associated with diseases in economically important crops. Materials and Methods. Five fungal species associated with crop diseases were tested: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum kahawae, C. musae, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Dual cultures were performed with five replicates plus controls. Growth was recorded every 24 hours, until 360 hours were completed. Interactions were determined, the degree of antagonism and the percentage of colonization was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed with a generalized linear model (GLM). Results. All species evaluated showed antagonism of the overgrowth type. The degree of antagonism was classified into three classes, with class two being present in three of the species. The percentage of colonization was 100% at 216 h for three of the species and 264 h for the other two. There was no significant difference in the percentage of colonization (p =0.0073), but there was a significant difference in the time of invasion (p< 0.0001). Conclusion. Dual assays to test the antagonistic effect in vitro form the basis for the selection of candidates for biological control of fungi.
{"title":"In vitro antagonism of Clonostachys sp. against disease associated fungi in economically important crops","authors":"María Emilia Belingheri Lagunes, Rosario Medel-Ortiz, Alejandro Salinas-Castro, Dora Trejo Aguilar","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2401-1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives/Background. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic capacity of a strain of Clonostachys sp. against five species of fungi associated with diseases in economically important crops. Materials and Methods. Five fungal species associated with crop diseases were tested: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum kahawae, C. musae, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Dual cultures were performed with five replicates plus controls. Growth was recorded every 24 hours, until 360 hours were completed. Interactions were determined, the degree of antagonism and the percentage of colonization was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed with a generalized linear model (GLM). Results. All species evaluated showed antagonism of the overgrowth type. The degree of antagonism was classified into three classes, with class two being present in three of the species. The percentage of colonization was 100% at 216 h for three of the species and 264 h for the other two. There was no significant difference in the percentage of colonization (p =0.0073), but there was a significant difference in the time of invasion (p< 0.0001). Conclusion. Dual assays to test the antagonistic effect in vitro form the basis for the selection of candidates for biological control of fungi.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":" 62","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2307-2
D. J. Hernández-Melchor, R. Ferrera-Cerrato, C. García-Ávila, Alejandro Alarcón
Fusarium has the capability to produce hydrolytic enzymes that can be used in the food and alcohol industries to break down natural organic compounds. This work studied the ability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (FocR1) to produce cellulases and chitinases enzymes in submerged culture using different carbon sources. Five strains of FocR1 (CNRF-MIC17188, CNRF-MIC17189, CNRF-MIC17190, CNRF-MIC17191, and CNRF-MIC17192) were used in submerged culture for the degradation of three substrates [filter paper, newspaper, and chitin (Sigma®)], from where the radial growth rate (RGr) and the quantitative analysis of enzyme activities (FPase, CMCase and chitinase) were evaluated. The RGr of the five FocR1 strains oscillated in a range of 0.043 to 0.051 cm h-1. At 7 and 14 days, the five FocR1 strains produced cellulases and chitinases using the three substrates. Based on the statistical analysis, the strains CNRF-MIC17191 and CNRF-MIC17192 showed best results about enzymatic activities. The five strains of FocR1 can be exploited as a commercial source of cellulases and chitinases, as well as potential candidates for bioconverting complex C-sources for further utilization in industrial processes.
{"title":"Cellulase and chitinase production by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 1 in submerged culture","authors":"D. J. Hernández-Melchor, R. Ferrera-Cerrato, C. García-Ávila, Alejandro Alarcón","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2307-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2307-2","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium has the capability to produce hydrolytic enzymes that can be used in the food and alcohol industries to break down natural organic compounds. This work studied the ability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (FocR1) to produce cellulases and chitinases enzymes in submerged culture using different carbon sources. Five strains of FocR1 (CNRF-MIC17188, CNRF-MIC17189, CNRF-MIC17190, CNRF-MIC17191, and CNRF-MIC17192) were used in submerged culture for the degradation of three substrates [filter paper, newspaper, and chitin (Sigma®)], from where the radial growth rate (RGr) and the quantitative analysis of enzyme activities (FPase, CMCase and chitinase) were evaluated. The RGr of the five FocR1 strains oscillated in a range of 0.043 to 0.051 cm h-1. At 7 and 14 days, the five FocR1 strains produced cellulases and chitinases using the three substrates. Based on the statistical analysis, the strains CNRF-MIC17191 and CNRF-MIC17192 showed best results about enzymatic activities. The five strains of FocR1 can be exploited as a commercial source of cellulases and chitinases, as well as potential candidates for bioconverting complex C-sources for further utilization in industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"114 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-3
M. Montero-Astúa, I. Sandoval-Carvajal, Lisela Moreira-Carmona, William Villalobos-Muller, L. Garita-Salazar, Sofía Carvajal-Rojas
Leaves of the shrub chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius), spinach tree or ‘chicasquil’ (in Costa Rica), are consumed in the Mesoamerican culinary tradition, having its origin in South Mexico and Guatemala. The objective of this work was to verify the viral nature of the observed in a chaya plant disease and to identify the species of the virus. Plant virus detection and identification was achieved by TEM, RT-PCR using degenerated primers to potexviruses, and sequencing. Pathogenicity tests were done by mechanical inoculation using chaya symptomatic tissue, on Nicotiana benthamiana and chaya plants. We report CsCMV detection in a chaya plant in Costa Rica with mosaic symptoms. Pathogenicity and association of virus and symptoms were demonstrated by mechanical inoculation in Nicotiana benthamiana and chaya plants. We hypothesize this infection corresponds to a recent introduction and discussed how cultural traditions impact the distribution of plant viruses. The findings confirm the presence of a CsCMV-related virus, previously unreported for Costa Rica, in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. The results herein highlighted the need to study its distribution and diversity throughout Latin America.
{"title":"Phytopathology and cultural behaviors: putative introduction of Chaya-strain of Cassava common mosaic virus to Costa Rica","authors":"M. Montero-Astúa, I. Sandoval-Carvajal, Lisela Moreira-Carmona, William Villalobos-Muller, L. Garita-Salazar, Sofía Carvajal-Rojas","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-3","url":null,"abstract":"Leaves of the shrub chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius), spinach tree or ‘chicasquil’ (in Costa Rica), are consumed in the Mesoamerican culinary tradition, having its origin in South Mexico and Guatemala. The objective of this work was to verify the viral nature of the observed in a chaya plant disease and to identify the species of the virus. Plant virus detection and identification was achieved by TEM, RT-PCR using degenerated primers to potexviruses, and sequencing. Pathogenicity tests were done by mechanical inoculation using chaya symptomatic tissue, on Nicotiana benthamiana and chaya plants. We report CsCMV detection in a chaya plant in Costa Rica with mosaic symptoms. Pathogenicity and association of virus and symptoms were demonstrated by mechanical inoculation in Nicotiana benthamiana and chaya plants. We hypothesize this infection corresponds to a recent introduction and discussed how cultural traditions impact the distribution of plant viruses. The findings confirm the presence of a CsCMV-related virus, previously unreported for Costa Rica, in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. The results herein highlighted the need to study its distribution and diversity throughout Latin America.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2309-3
Daniel Castrillo-Sequeira, Rodrigo Jiménez-Robles, Milagro Granados-Montero
Viticulture is one of the oldest agricultural activities, and its exploitation has traditionally been limited to temperate climate zones, where the european grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and wine originate. Given the effects of climate change, more areas lose the capacity to grow this crop, and the tropics are presented as potential regions for this market. In Costa Rica, viticultural activity has been reported since the mid-20th century, however, technical information on the crop is scarce. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, represents one of the diseases with the greatest economic impact for viticulture worldwide, as well as the most limiting phytosanitary problem in Costa Rica. Under high humidity conditions, the development of the pathogen is accelerated, and the host remains susceptible throughout the crop cycle, which makes proper management of epidemics difficult. Chemical control is the most common management strategy around the world, however, the appearance of P. viticola populations with resistance to fungicides has been observed in most grape vine-growing areas, hence the search for more ecological alternatives is a necessity. Currently, Costa Rica does not have integrated management strategies that allow sustainable production, and there is only one registered product for protection against this pathogen. This situation justifies paying more attention to the investigation of this pathosystem.
{"title":"Current situation of viticulture in Costa Rica and management strategies for downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)","authors":"Daniel Castrillo-Sequeira, Rodrigo Jiménez-Robles, Milagro Granados-Montero","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2309-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2309-3","url":null,"abstract":"Viticulture is one of the oldest agricultural activities, and its exploitation has traditionally been limited to temperate climate zones, where the european grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and wine originate. Given the effects of climate change, more areas lose the capacity to grow this crop, and the tropics are presented as potential regions for this market. In Costa Rica, viticultural activity has been reported since the mid-20th century, however, technical information on the crop is scarce. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, represents one of the diseases with the greatest economic impact for viticulture worldwide, as well as the most limiting phytosanitary problem in Costa Rica. Under high humidity conditions, the development of the pathogen is accelerated, and the host remains susceptible throughout the crop cycle, which makes proper management of epidemics difficult. Chemical control is the most common management strategy around the world, however, the appearance of P. viticola populations with resistance to fungicides has been observed in most grape vine-growing areas, hence the search for more ecological alternatives is a necessity. Currently, Costa Rica does not have integrated management strategies that allow sustainable production, and there is only one registered product for protection against this pathogen. This situation justifies paying more attention to the investigation of this pathosystem.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"47 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2305-2
J. C. López-Velázquez, Soledad García-Morales, J. A. Qui-Zapata, Z. García-Carvajal, D. Navarro-López, Rebeca García-Varela
Phytophthora capsici is the causal agent of chili wilt. Among the strategies for its control is the use of resistance inducers. Fructans are molecules with interesting biological properties, including the ability to induce resistance mechanisms in some plants. In this work, the protective effect of four concentrations inulin from dahlia tubers on chili infected with P. capsici was evaluated. The concentration that showed the highest protection was chosen to evaluate the induction of defense response through the enzymatic activity of β-1,3 glucanases, peroxidases and the production of total phenolic compounds. Inulin showed a protective effect against infection at concentrations of 100 to 300 μM, as symptoms decreased and seedlings showed improved vegetative development. It was observed that inulin at 200 μM concentration was able to induce an effective defense response associated with increased activity of β-1,3 glucanases and peroxidases through a local and systemic response in seedlings. This response was differentiated between seedlings treated with inulin and seedlings infected with P. capsici. It was concluded that inulin has the ability to protect chili bell pepper from P. capsici by induction of resistance.
{"title":"Induction of defense response mediated by inulin from dahlia tubers (Dahlia sp.) in Capsicum annuum","authors":"J. C. López-Velázquez, Soledad García-Morales, J. A. Qui-Zapata, Z. García-Carvajal, D. Navarro-López, Rebeca García-Varela","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2305-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2305-2","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora capsici is the causal agent of chili wilt. Among the strategies for its control is the use of resistance inducers. Fructans are molecules with interesting biological properties, including the ability to induce resistance mechanisms in some plants. In this work, the protective effect of four concentrations inulin from dahlia tubers on chili infected with P. capsici was evaluated. The concentration that showed the highest protection was chosen to evaluate the induction of defense response through the enzymatic activity of β-1,3 glucanases, peroxidases and the production of total phenolic compounds. Inulin showed a protective effect against infection at concentrations of 100 to 300 μM, as symptoms decreased and seedlings showed improved vegetative development. It was observed that inulin at 200 μM concentration was able to induce an effective defense response associated with increased activity of β-1,3 glucanases and peroxidases through a local and systemic response in seedlings. This response was differentiated between seedlings treated with inulin and seedlings infected with P. capsici. It was concluded that inulin has the ability to protect chili bell pepper from P. capsici by induction of resistance.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"345 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-7
E. J. Zamora-Macorra, Norma Ávila-Alistac, Erika Lagunes-Fortiz, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos
Viruses and viroids cause several diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide, generating important economic losses. About 312 viruses and seven viroids have been associated, of which more than 28 are present in Mexico. Therefore, the use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be an effective alternative for the management of viruses and viroids. The genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Anabena and Stenotrophomonas have been implemented against main viruses reported in tomato: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), with benefits in decreased incidence and severity up to 80 % and yield increase over 40 %. In Mexico, only Bacillus has been used. The use of PGPR is a strategy that could mitigate the impact of viral and viroid diseases and can be integrated into integrated management.
{"title":"Viruses and viroids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as a management alternative","authors":"E. J. Zamora-Macorra, Norma Ávila-Alistac, Erika Lagunes-Fortiz, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-7","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses and viroids cause several diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide, generating important economic losses. About 312 viruses and seven viroids have been associated, of which more than 28 are present in Mexico. Therefore, the use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be an effective alternative for the management of viruses and viroids. The genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Anabena and Stenotrophomonas have been implemented against main viruses reported in tomato: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), with benefits in decreased incidence and severity up to 80 % and yield increase over 40 %. In Mexico, only Bacillus has been used. The use of PGPR is a strategy that could mitigate the impact of viral and viroid diseases and can be integrated into integrated management.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"15 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-2
Candelario Ortega-Acosta, D. Ochoa-Martínez, R. Rojas-Martínez, Cristian Nava-Díaz, Rodrigo A. Valverde
In this study, the ability of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to detect viruses in vegetable prickly pear cactus was exploited. Samples from State of Mexico (EDMX), Hidalgo, and Morelos, as well as Mexico City (CDMX), were analyzed. In the sample from EDMX, the genomes of Opuntia virus 2 (OV2, genus Tobamovirus) and Cactus carlavirus 1 (CCV-1, genus Carlavirus) were detected and recovered. In the sample from CDMX, in addition to OV2 and CCV-1, a new viroid and potexvirus were detected. The former has a circular RNA genome with a length of 412 nt for which the name “Opuntia viroid I” (OVd-I) is proposed. The primary structure of this viroid showed a nucleotide sequence identity of less than 80% with any of the currently known viroids and a phylogenetic relationship with the genus Apscaviroid (Family Pospiviroidae) with which it shares conserved structural motifs. The new potexvirus was named Opuntia potexvirus A (OPV-A), whose viral replicase sequence has a 77.7 % amino acid identity with Schlumbergera virus X. Finally, CCV-1 was detected in 93 (72 %) of 129 vegetable prickly pear cactus samples collected in the four entities.
{"title":"Virome of the vegetable prickly pear cactus in the central zone of Mexico","authors":"Candelario Ortega-Acosta, D. Ochoa-Martínez, R. Rojas-Martínez, Cristian Nava-Díaz, Rodrigo A. Valverde","doi":"10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2023-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the ability of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to detect viruses in vegetable prickly pear cactus was exploited. Samples from State of Mexico (EDMX), Hidalgo, and Morelos, as well as Mexico City (CDMX), were analyzed. In the sample from EDMX, the genomes of Opuntia virus 2 (OV2, genus Tobamovirus) and Cactus carlavirus 1 (CCV-1, genus Carlavirus) were detected and recovered. In the sample from CDMX, in addition to OV2 and CCV-1, a new viroid and potexvirus were detected. The former has a circular RNA genome with a length of 412 nt for which the name “Opuntia viroid I” (OVd-I) is proposed. The primary structure of this viroid showed a nucleotide sequence identity of less than 80% with any of the currently known viroids and a phylogenetic relationship with the genus Apscaviroid (Family Pospiviroidae) with which it shares conserved structural motifs. The new potexvirus was named Opuntia potexvirus A (OPV-A), whose viral replicase sequence has a 77.7 % amino acid identity with Schlumbergera virus X. Finally, CCV-1 was detected in 93 (72 %) of 129 vegetable prickly pear cactus samples collected in the four entities.","PeriodicalId":504087,"journal":{"name":"Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"75 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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