Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.2.8
Hyunsik Chae, Eun Jae Kim, Han Soon Kim, Han-Gu Choi, Sanghee Kim, Ji Hee Kim
{"title":"ERRATUM: Error in the New Combination","authors":"Hyunsik Chae, Eun Jae Kim, Han Soon Kim, Han-Gu Choi, Sanghee Kim, Ji Hee Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.11
Sookkyung Shin, Qikun Xing, Ji-Sook Park, C. Yarish, Fanna Kong, Jang K. Kim
Acadian marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) and Kelpak are commercial biostimulants derived from brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. This study was to determine if AMPEP and Kelpak can induce thermal resistance in Pyropia yezoensis. P. yezoensis blades were exposed to different concentrations (control: 0, low: 0.001, high: 1 ppm) of AMPEP and Kelpak at 10°C for 6 and 7 days, respectively. Those blades were then cultivated in von Stosch enriched seawater medium at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) with 12 : 12 L : D photoperiod and 100 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation for additional 15 days. Results showed that P. yezoensis reproduced archeospores at 20 and 25°C at all biostimulant conditions within 15 days. At lower temperatures (10 and 15°C), only AMPEP-treated P. yezoensis reproduced archeospores. P. yezoensis exposed to 1 ppm Kelpak exhibited higher phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents than control and 0.001 ppm conditions at 15°C. AMPEP-treated conditions showed higher phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents than control at 10°C. These results suggest that AMPEP and Kelpak may not enhance the thermal resistance of P. yezoensis. However, AMPEP stimulated archeospores release at lower temperatures. The treatment of AMPEP and Kelpak also increased the pigment contents in P. yezoensis. These results suggest that the use of seaweed-derived biostimulants can provide some economic benefits in P. yezoensis aquaculture. The enhancement of archeospores formation by AMPEP at lower temperature may also increase the productivity since Pyropia farming relies on the accumulation of secondary seedings via asexual reproduction.
{"title":"Effects of biostimulants, AMPEP and Kelpak on the growth and asexual reproduction of Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) at different temperatures","authors":"Sookkyung Shin, Qikun Xing, Ji-Sook Park, C. Yarish, Fanna Kong, Jang K. Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Acadian marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) and Kelpak are commercial biostimulants derived from brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. This study was to determine if AMPEP and Kelpak can induce thermal resistance in Pyropia yezoensis. P. yezoensis blades were exposed to different concentrations (control: 0, low: 0.001, high: 1 ppm) of AMPEP and Kelpak at 10°C for 6 and 7 days, respectively. Those blades were then cultivated in von Stosch enriched seawater medium at different temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) with 12 : 12 L : D photoperiod and 100 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation for additional 15 days. Results showed that P. yezoensis reproduced archeospores at 20 and 25°C at all biostimulant conditions within 15 days. At lower temperatures (10 and 15°C), only AMPEP-treated P. yezoensis reproduced archeospores. P. yezoensis exposed to 1 ppm Kelpak exhibited higher phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents than control and 0.001 ppm conditions at 15°C. AMPEP-treated conditions showed higher phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents than control at 10°C. These results suggest that AMPEP and Kelpak may not enhance the thermal resistance of P. yezoensis. However, AMPEP stimulated archeospores release at lower temperatures. The treatment of AMPEP and Kelpak also increased the pigment contents in P. yezoensis. These results suggest that the use of seaweed-derived biostimulants can provide some economic benefits in P. yezoensis aquaculture. The enhancement of archeospores formation by AMPEP at lower temperature may also increase the productivity since Pyropia farming relies on the accumulation of secondary seedings via asexual reproduction.","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.7
Li-Hong Ma, Lin Tian, Yu-Qing Wang, Cong-Ying Xie, Guo-Ying Du
Red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis is a high valuable cultivated marine crop. Its acclimation to cold stress is especially important for long cultivation period across winter in coasts of warm temperate zone in East Asia. In this study, the response of P. yezoensis thalli to low temperature was analyzed on physiology and transcriptome level, to explore its acclimation mechanism to cold stress. The results showed that the practical photosynthesis activity (indicated by ΦPSII and qP) was depressed and pigment allophycocyanin content was decreased during the cold stress of 48 h. However, the Fv/Fm and non-photochemical quenching increased significantly after 24 h, and the average growth rate of thalli also rebounded from 24 to 48 h, indicating a certain extent of acclimation to cold stress. On transcriptionally, the low temperature promoted the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, while genes related to photosynthetic system were depressed. The increased expression of DEGs involved in ribosomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism which could accelerate protein synthesis and enhance the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, might help P. yezoensis thallus cells to cope with cold stress. Further co-expression network analysis revealed differential expression trends along with stress time, and corresponding hub genes play important roles in the systemic acquired acclimation to cold stress. This study provides basic mechanisms of P. yezoensis acclimation to cold temperature and may aid in exploration of functional genes for genetic breeding of economic macroalgae.
{"title":"Physiological and transcriptome analysis of acclimatory response to cold stress in marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis","authors":"Li-Hong Ma, Lin Tian, Yu-Qing Wang, Cong-Ying Xie, Guo-Ying Du","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis is a high valuable cultivated marine crop. Its acclimation to cold stress is especially important for long cultivation period across winter in coasts of warm temperate zone in East Asia. In this study, the response of P. yezoensis thalli to low temperature was analyzed on physiology and transcriptome level, to explore its acclimation mechanism to cold stress. The results showed that the practical photosynthesis activity (indicated by ΦPSII and qP) was depressed and pigment allophycocyanin content was decreased during the cold stress of 48 h. However, the Fv/Fm and non-photochemical quenching increased significantly after 24 h, and the average growth rate of thalli also rebounded from 24 to 48 h, indicating a certain extent of acclimation to cold stress. On transcriptionally, the low temperature promoted the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, while genes related to photosynthetic system were depressed. The increased expression of DEGs involved in ribosomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism which could accelerate protein synthesis and enhance the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, might help P. yezoensis thallus cells to cope with cold stress. Further co-expression network analysis revealed differential expression trends along with stress time, and corresponding hub genes play important roles in the systemic acquired acclimation to cold stress. This study provides basic mechanisms of P. yezoensis acclimation to cold temperature and may aid in exploration of functional genes for genetic breeding of economic macroalgae.","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 62","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.8
G. Zuccarello, C. Gachon, Yacine Badis, P. Murúa, A. Garvetto, Gwang Hoon Kim
Oomycetes are ubiquitous heterotrophs of considerable economic and ecological importance. Lately their diversity in marine environments has been shown to be greatly underappreciated and many lineages of intracellular holocarpic parasites, infecting micro- and macro-algae, remain to be fully described taxonomically. Among them, pathogens of marine red algae have been studied extensively as they infect important seaweed crops. Throughout the 20th century, most intracellular, holocarpic biotrophic oomycetes that infect red algae have been assigned to the genus Olpidiopsis Cornu. However, 18S rRNA sequencing of Olpidiopsis saprolegniae, the species considered the generitype for Olpidiopsis, suggests that this genus is not closely related to the marine pathogens and that the latter requires a nomenclatural update. Here, we compile and reanalyze all recently published 18S rRNA sequence data for marine holocarpic oomycetes, with a particular focus on holocarpic pathogens of red algae. Their taxonomy has been revised twice over the past four years, with suggestions to transfer them first into the genus Pontisma and then Sirolpidium, and into a monogeneric order, Pontismatales. We show however, that previously published topologies and the proposed taxa Pontisma, Sirolpidium, and Pontismatales are unsupported. We highlight that name changes that are unfounded and premature create confusion in interested parties, especially concerning pathogens of marine red algae that infect important seaweed crops. We thus propose that the names of these holocarpic biotrophic parasites of red algae are retained temporarily, until a supported topology is produced with more genetic markers to enable the circumscription of species and higher-level taxa.
{"title":"Holocarpic oomycete parasites of red algae are not Olpidiopsis, but neither are they all Pontisma or Sirolpidium (Oomycota)","authors":"G. Zuccarello, C. Gachon, Yacine Badis, P. Murúa, A. Garvetto, Gwang Hoon Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Oomycetes are ubiquitous heterotrophs of considerable economic and ecological importance. Lately their diversity in marine environments has been shown to be greatly underappreciated and many lineages of intracellular holocarpic parasites, infecting micro- and macro-algae, remain to be fully described taxonomically. Among them, pathogens of marine red algae have been studied extensively as they infect important seaweed crops. Throughout the 20th century, most intracellular, holocarpic biotrophic oomycetes that infect red algae have been assigned to the genus Olpidiopsis Cornu. However, 18S rRNA sequencing of Olpidiopsis saprolegniae, the species considered the generitype for Olpidiopsis, suggests that this genus is not closely related to the marine pathogens and that the latter requires a nomenclatural update. Here, we compile and reanalyze all recently published 18S rRNA sequence data for marine holocarpic oomycetes, with a particular focus on holocarpic pathogens of red algae. Their taxonomy has been revised twice over the past four years, with suggestions to transfer them first into the genus Pontisma and then Sirolpidium, and into a monogeneric order, Pontismatales. We show however, that previously published topologies and the proposed taxa Pontisma, Sirolpidium, and Pontismatales are unsupported. We highlight that name changes that are unfounded and premature create confusion in interested parties, especially concerning pathogens of marine red algae that infect important seaweed crops. We thus propose that the names of these holocarpic biotrophic parasites of red algae are retained temporarily, until a supported topology is produced with more genetic markers to enable the circumscription of species and higher-level taxa.","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.5
Juhee Min, Kwang Young Kim
The use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) has greatly improved the quantification of harmful protists, outperforming traditional methods like quantitative PCR. Notably, ddPCR provides enhanced consistency and reproducibility at it resists PCR inhibitors commonly found in environmental DNA samples. This study aimed to determine the most effective filter material for ddPCR protocols by assessing the reproducibility of species-specific gene copy numbers and filtration time across six filter types: cellulose acetate (CA), mixed cellulose ester (MCE), nylon (NY), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The study used two species of Chattonella marina complexes as a case study. Filtration rates were slower for NY, PC, and PVDF filters. Moreover, MCE, NY, PES, and PVDF yielded lower DNA amounts than other filters. Importantly, the CA filter exhibited the lowest variance (38–39%) and the highest determination coefficients (R2 = 0.92–0.96), indicating superior performance. These findings suggest that the CA filter is the most suitable for ddPCR quantification of marine protists, offering quick filtration and reliable reproducibility.
{"title":"Optimal filter materials for protist quantification via droplet digital PCR","authors":"Juhee Min, Kwang Young Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) has greatly improved the quantification of harmful protists, outperforming traditional methods like quantitative PCR. Notably, ddPCR provides enhanced consistency and reproducibility at it resists PCR inhibitors commonly found in environmental DNA samples. This study aimed to determine the most effective filter material for ddPCR protocols by assessing the reproducibility of species-specific gene copy numbers and filtration time across six filter types: cellulose acetate (CA), mixed cellulose ester (MCE), nylon (NY), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The study used two species of Chattonella marina complexes as a case study. Filtration rates were slower for NY, PC, and PVDF filters. Moreover, MCE, NY, PES, and PVDF yielded lower DNA amounts than other filters. Importantly, the CA filter exhibited the lowest variance (38–39%) and the highest determination coefficients (R2 = 0.92–0.96), indicating superior performance. These findings suggest that the CA filter is the most suitable for ddPCR quantification of marine protists, offering quick filtration and reliable reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 68","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.10
Sang Ah Park, Hae Jin Jeong, Jin Hee Ok, Hee Chang Kang, Ji Hyun You, Se Hee Eom, Y. Yoo, Moo Joon Lee
Many dinoflagellates produce bioluminescence. To estimate the intensity of bioluminescence produced by populations of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans and Polykrikos kofoidii and autotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium mediterraneum in Korean waters, we measured cellular bioluminescence intensity as a function of water temperature and calculated population bioluminescence intensity with cell abundances and water temperature. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell (BLcell) of N. scintillans satiated with the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina decreased continuously with increasing water temperature from 5 to 25°C. However, the BLcell of P. kofoidii satiated with the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum continuously increased from 5 to 15°C but decreased at temperatures exceeding this (to 30°C). Similarly, the BLcell of A. mediterraneum continuously increased from 10 to 20°C but decreased between 20 and 30°C. The difference between highest and lowest BLcell of N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and A. mediterraneum at the tested water temperatures was 3.5, 11.8, and 21.0 times, respectively, indicating that water temperature clearly affected BLcell. The highest estimated population bioluminescence intensity (BLpopul) of N. scintillans in Korean waters in 1998–2022 was 4.22 × 1013 relative light unit per liter (RLU L-1), which was 1,850 and 554,000 times greater than that of P. kofoidii and A. mediterraneum, respectively. This indicates that N. scintillans populations produced much brighter bioluminescence in Korean waters than the populations of P. kofoidii or A. mediterraneum.
许多甲藻都能产生生物荧光。为了估算韩国水域中异养甲藻Noctiluca scintillans和Polykrikos kofoidii以及自养甲藻Alexandrium mediterraneum种群产生的生物发光强度，我们测量了细胞生物发光强度与水温的函数关系，并根据细胞丰度和水温计算了种群生物发光强度。随着水温在 5 到 25 摄氏度之间的升高，饱食叶绿藻 Dunaliella salina 的 N. scintillans 每个细胞的平均 200 秒积分生物发光强度（BLcell）持续下降。然而，与混养甲藻亚历山大藻（Alexandrium minutum）一起饱食的 P. kofoidii 的每细胞发光强度（BLcell）在 5 至 15 摄氏度之间持续上升，但在超过这一温度（至 30 摄氏度）时则下降。同样，A. mediterraneum 的 BLcell 在 10 至 20 摄氏度之间持续上升，但在 20 至 30 摄氏度之间下降。在测试的水温下，N. scintillans、P. kofoidii和A. mediterraneum的最高和最低BLcell分别相差3.5倍、11.8倍和21.0倍，表明水温明显影响BLcell。1998-2022 年，韩国水域中 N. scintillans 的最高生物发光强度（BLpopul）估计为 4.22 × 1013 相对光单位/升（RLU L-1），分别是 P. kofoidii 和 A. mediterraneum 的 1,850 倍和 554,000 倍。这表明，在韩国水域，N. scintillans 种群产生的生物荧光比 P. kofoidii 或 A. mediterraneum 种群产生的生物荧光要亮得多。
{"title":"Estimation of bioluminescence intensity of the dinoflagellates\u0000Noctiluca scintillans, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Alexandrium mediterraneum\u0000populations in Korean waters using cell abundance and\u0000water temperature","authors":"Sang Ah Park, Hae Jin Jeong, Jin Hee Ok, Hee Chang Kang, Ji Hyun You, Se Hee Eom, Y. Yoo, Moo Joon Lee","doi":"10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2024.39.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Many dinoflagellates produce bioluminescence. To estimate the intensity of bioluminescence produced by populations of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates <i>Noctiluca scintillans </i>and <i>Polykrikos kofoidii</i> and autotrophic dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium mediterraneum</i> in Korean waters, we measured cellular bioluminescence intensity as a function of water temperature and calculated population bioluminescence intensity with cell abundances and water temperature. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell (BL<sub>cell</sub>) of <i>N. scintillans</i> satiated with the chlorophyte <i>Dunaliella salina</i> decreased continuously with increasing water temperature from 5 to 25°C. However, the BL<sub>cell</sub> of <i>P. kofoidii</i> satiated with the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum continuously increased from 5 to 15°C but decreased at temperatures exceeding this (to 30°C). Similarly, the BL<sub>cell</sub> of <i>A. mediterraneum</i> continuously increased from 10 to 20°C but decreased between 20 and 30°C. The difference between highest and lowest BL<sub>cell</sub> of <i>N. scintillans</i>, <i>P. kofoidii</i>, and <i>A. mediterraneum</i> at the tested water temperatures was 3.5, 11.8, and 21.0 times, respectively, indicating that water temperature clearly affected BL<sub>cell</sub>. The highest estimated population bioluminescence intensity (BL<sub>popul</sub>) of <i>N. scintillans</i> in Korean waters in 1998–2022 was 4.22 × 10<sup>13</sup> relative light unit per liter (RLU L<sup>-1</sup>), which was 1,850 and 554,000 times greater than that of <i>P. kofoidii</i> and <i>A. mediterraneum</i>, respectively. This indicates that <i>N. scintillans</i> populations produced much brighter bioluminescence in Korean waters than the populations of <i>P. kofoidii</i> or <i>A. mediterraneum</i>.","PeriodicalId":504557,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":" 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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