Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.146980.1
N. Prabhu, G. A. Maiya, Vaishali K, Shivashankara Kn
Background Systemic hypertension is a global non-communicable disease that creates an essential need for alternate forms of lifestyle modifications, including exercise, to lower elevated blood pressure. Mat Pilates, a feasible form of mind-body coordinated exercise, may provide benefits with limited resources. Objective This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of Mat Pilates on resting blood pressure and health-related quality of life in individuals with systemic hypertension. Methods A two-arm, single-blinded, block randomized controlled trial will be recruited with120 participants into control and experimental groups (1:1 ratio). Mat Pilates will be administered to the experimental group and standard care to the control group for 12 weeks. Resting and central blood pressure, health-related quality of life, and echocardiographic parameters will be measured before and after the trial. We hypothesized that Pilates may not be beneficial in lowering resting blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) will test the within- and between-group effects of Mat Pilates on various outcomes. Ethics and Dissemination The trial was approved by the Institutional Research Committee, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, and Kasturba Hospital Institutional Ethics Committee, Manipal. Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. All stakeholders and committees will communicate key findings regarding the implementation of mind-body association exercises as a measure of lifestyle modification in individuals with systemic hypertension. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2021/07/035002. Registered on July 20, 2021, http://ctri.nic.in.
背景 全身性高血压是一种全球性的非传染性疾病，因此亟需通过改变生活方式（包括运动）来降低升高的血压。瑜伽普拉提是一种可行的身心协调运动形式，可在资源有限的情况下带来益处。目标 该随机对照试验旨在评估 Mat Pilates 对全身性高血压患者静息血压和健康相关生活质量的疗效。方法 一项双臂、单盲、整组随机对照试验将招募 120 名参与者，分为对照组和实验组（1:1 的比例）。实验组将进行为期 12 周的 Mat Pilates 训练，对照组将进行为期 12 周的标准护理训练。试验前后将测量静息血压和中心血压、与健康相关的生活质量以及超声心动图参数。我们假设普拉提可能无益于降低高血压患者的静息血压。重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）将检验 Mat Pilates 对各种结果的组内和组间影响。伦理和传播 试验已获得马尼帕尔健康职业学院、马尼帕尔高等教育学院、卡斯图尔巴医学院和卡斯图尔巴医院机构研究委员会的批准。将获得所有参与者的书面知情同意。所有利益相关者和委员会将就身心联合运动作为系统性高血压患者生活方式调整措施的主要研究结果进行交流。试验登记 印度临床试验登记处：CTRI/2021/07/035002.注册日期为 2021 年 7 月 20 日，http://ctri.nic.in。
{"title":"Efficacy of Mat Pilates on the resting blood pressure and health related quality of life in individuals with systemic hypertension versus standard care: study protocol for a single centered single blinded randomized controlled trial","authors":"N. Prabhu, G. A. Maiya, Vaishali K, Shivashankara Kn","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.146980.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.146980.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Systemic hypertension is a global non-communicable disease that creates an essential need for alternate forms of lifestyle modifications, including exercise, to lower elevated blood pressure. Mat Pilates, a feasible form of mind-body coordinated exercise, may provide benefits with limited resources. Objective This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of Mat Pilates on resting blood pressure and health-related quality of life in individuals with systemic hypertension. Methods A two-arm, single-blinded, block randomized controlled trial will be recruited with120 participants into control and experimental groups (1:1 ratio). Mat Pilates will be administered to the experimental group and standard care to the control group for 12 weeks. Resting and central blood pressure, health-related quality of life, and echocardiographic parameters will be measured before and after the trial. We hypothesized that Pilates may not be beneficial in lowering resting blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) will test the within- and between-group effects of Mat Pilates on various outcomes. Ethics and Dissemination The trial was approved by the Institutional Research Committee, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, and Kasturba Hospital Institutional Ethics Committee, Manipal. Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. All stakeholders and committees will communicate key findings regarding the implementation of mind-body association exercises as a measure of lifestyle modification in individuals with systemic hypertension. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2021/07/035002. Registered on July 20, 2021, http://ctri.nic.in.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.144803.1
D. Pineda, José Eduardo Lozano-Jiménez, J. A. Moreno-Murcia
Introduction Amid changing social dynamics, the world of higher education faces, among other challenges, the growing impact on the mental health of students. In this scenario, the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) highlights the important role of autonomy support as it generates positive effects on students' motivation and well-being. Methods The present study tests the predictive capacity of the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support in a higher education institution, in relation to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation and depressive symptoms. A sample composed of 356 Spanish university students of which 237 were male (66.57%) from different grades and courses, aged between 17 and 57 years (M = 20.83; SD = 3.44), from middle socioeconomic strata, was used, and selected through purposive sampling. Results After the analysis of structural equations, the results showed that the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support positively predicted the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and this the autonomous motivation; but negatively depressive symptoms. Conclusions The model describes the possible importance of promoting the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support in higher education as a protective factor for well-being and mental health. These findings highlight the importance of motivational strategies that higher education teachers must implement to promote student motivation and well-being.
{"title":"Autonomy support in higher education: a key strategy for the well-being of university students","authors":"D. Pineda, José Eduardo Lozano-Jiménez, J. A. Moreno-Murcia","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.144803.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.144803.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Amid changing social dynamics, the world of higher education faces, among other challenges, the growing impact on the mental health of students. In this scenario, the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) highlights the important role of autonomy support as it generates positive effects on students' motivation and well-being. Methods The present study tests the predictive capacity of the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support in a higher education institution, in relation to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, autonomous motivation and depressive symptoms. A sample composed of 356 Spanish university students of which 237 were male (66.57%) from different grades and courses, aged between 17 and 57 years (M = 20.83; SD = 3.44), from middle socioeconomic strata, was used, and selected through purposive sampling. Results After the analysis of structural equations, the results showed that the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support positively predicted the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and this the autonomous motivation; but negatively depressive symptoms. Conclusions The model describes the possible importance of promoting the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support in higher education as a protective factor for well-being and mental health. These findings highlight the importance of motivational strategies that higher education teachers must implement to promote student motivation and well-being.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.153262.1
Richard Mottershead, Sadeq Al-Fayyadh, Nabeel Al-Yateem, M. Subu, Wegdan Baniissa, Mohamed Hassan Taha, F. Ahmed, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Shukri Adams, A. Wali, Ghada Shahrour, Abbas Al Mutair, C. Murendo, Nafa Alonaizi, Ali Alhaiti, M. Alruwaili, A. Alruwaili, Jim McManus
Despite the growing interest in social prescribing the diversification of health and social care strategies to support the well-being of patients has remained entrenched with a focus on the hospital setting within the Middle East. The United Arab Emirates has commenced progressing community mental health care to lead changes in how care and treatment are delivered within the United Arab Emirates. The authors adopted the use of the framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) to provide a systematic approach to searching the literature and creating a comprehensive foundation to guide the review. This scoping review provides a better understanding of the compatibility, content and outcomes of a selection of health models. The scoping review findings will inform the proposed use of social prescribing as an actionable approach to create a focus on the need to include and empower the social determinants of mental health. This article proposes an evidence-based health strategy that supports and enhances recent additions to national legislation on the inclusion of the Mental Health Law within the United Arab Emirates to meditate and prevent inequities in addressing the mental health needs of citizens and residents within the nation’s diverse communities.
{"title":"A scoping review of health models for the community mental health needs of the United Arab Emirates: Nurturing the social determinants of mental health through social prescribing in the Middle East","authors":"Richard Mottershead, Sadeq Al-Fayyadh, Nabeel Al-Yateem, M. Subu, Wegdan Baniissa, Mohamed Hassan Taha, F. Ahmed, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Shukri Adams, A. Wali, Ghada Shahrour, Abbas Al Mutair, C. Murendo, Nafa Alonaizi, Ali Alhaiti, M. Alruwaili, A. Alruwaili, Jim McManus","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.153262.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153262.1","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing interest in social prescribing the diversification of health and social care strategies to support the well-being of patients has remained entrenched with a focus on the hospital setting within the Middle East. The United Arab Emirates has commenced progressing community mental health care to lead changes in how care and treatment are delivered within the United Arab Emirates. The authors adopted the use of the framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) to provide a systematic approach to searching the literature and creating a comprehensive foundation to guide the review. This scoping review provides a better understanding of the compatibility, content and outcomes of a selection of health models. The scoping review findings will inform the proposed use of social prescribing as an actionable approach to create a focus on the need to include and empower the social determinants of mental health. This article proposes an evidence-based health strategy that supports and enhances recent additions to national legislation on the inclusion of the Mental Health Law within the United Arab Emirates to meditate and prevent inequities in addressing the mental health needs of citizens and residents within the nation’s diverse communities.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.152496.1
Hanna Fjeldheim Dale, Milada Hagen, G. Malmstrøm, Jennifer T. Fiennes, M. Høivik, V. Kristensen, Jørgen Valeur
Background Stool consistency is an important outcome measure to evaluate in the investigation of several gastrointestinal diseases. The Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) is one of the most commonly used tools for evaluation of stool consistency. BSS ranges from 1-7 and each score is assigned to a given consistency of the feces. Self-reported characterizations can differ from an expert evaluation, and the reliability of BSS is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of BSS by comparing patient scores with expert scores. Methods Patients with inflammatory bowel disease collected stool samples throughout a 3-year follow-up. The stool´s consistency was evaluated with BSS by the patients and matched with an expert score. Agreement between patient and expert scores was assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Results BSS scores from 2280 fecal samples collected from 992 patients at up to five time points were included. When all samples were compared, there was good to substantial agreement between patient and expert scores (Cohen’s weighted kappa: 0.66-0.72). When the BSS scores were simplified and categorized as 1 (scores 1-2), 2 (scores 3-5) or 3 (scores 6-7), the agreement improved slightly (Cohen’s weighted kappa: 0.73-0.77). When the scores from the first sample per patient were compared, the experts were more likely to assign higher scores compared to the patient. The proportion of the lowest assigned scores (1-2) was 12.1% for patients and 8.1% for experts. Conclusions The agreement between patient and expert BSS scores is good to substantial, especially when the BSS scores are simplified into three categories.
{"title":"Assessing hard and loose “endpoints”: comparison of patient and expert Bristol Stool Scale scoring of 2280 fecal samples","authors":"Hanna Fjeldheim Dale, Milada Hagen, G. Malmstrøm, Jennifer T. Fiennes, M. Høivik, V. Kristensen, Jørgen Valeur","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.152496.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152496.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Stool consistency is an important outcome measure to evaluate in the investigation of several gastrointestinal diseases. The Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) is one of the most commonly used tools for evaluation of stool consistency. BSS ranges from 1-7 and each score is assigned to a given consistency of the feces. Self-reported characterizations can differ from an expert evaluation, and the reliability of BSS is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of BSS by comparing patient scores with expert scores. Methods Patients with inflammatory bowel disease collected stool samples throughout a 3-year follow-up. The stool´s consistency was evaluated with BSS by the patients and matched with an expert score. Agreement between patient and expert scores was assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Results BSS scores from 2280 fecal samples collected from 992 patients at up to five time points were included. When all samples were compared, there was good to substantial agreement between patient and expert scores (Cohen’s weighted kappa: 0.66-0.72). When the BSS scores were simplified and categorized as 1 (scores 1-2), 2 (scores 3-5) or 3 (scores 6-7), the agreement improved slightly (Cohen’s weighted kappa: 0.73-0.77). When the scores from the first sample per patient were compared, the experts were more likely to assign higher scores compared to the patient. The proportion of the lowest assigned scores (1-2) was 12.1% for patients and 8.1% for experts. Conclusions The agreement between patient and expert BSS scores is good to substantial, especially when the BSS scores are simplified into three categories.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.148617.1
Nikhil Kohale, Pradeep Kini, Ciraj Mohammed
Background A holistic architectural education is the culmination of learning knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, which eventually reflects in the quality of graduates. Even though different schools of thought have made various kinds of qualitative contributions towards the evolution of architectural education in India, it has largely been dominated by the quantitative and technical aspects of its regulating framework. Architects engage with the demanding contradictions between responsibilities of an ethical nature, the dynamic challenges of practice, and the intricacies of architectural imagination. The aesthetical and imaginative foundations of the field make it incumbent upon the architects to possess a balance of ecumenical proficiencies for accountability and personalization. The purpose of the study is to identify relevant attributes of Competency Based Education (CBE) that can be adopted for architectural education in India. Methods This research follows a narrative review approach and a descriptive-analytic method to broadly understand the attributes of CBE and its potential relevance to architectural education in India. 313 articles were searched on various search strings based on their relevance to the inquiry. 66 documents written in English language were included and appraised through the Scale of the Assessment for Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) tool to avoid any risk of bias. The PRISMA 2020 checklist and flow diagram has been used to report the findings of this narrative review Result The study identifies eight critical parameters of CBE with respect to its definitions, origins, transitions, regulatory environment, characteristics, approaches and implications on teaching-learning, frameworks and models of assessment; and challenges, which makes a case for the relevance of CBE for architectural education in India, which hasn’t been explored yet. Conclusion The broader expectations of ‘being competent’ can be addressed through a conscious adoption of strategies of relevant attributes of CBE which can encourage building attitudes and temperament for life-long learning
{"title":"Relevance of Competency Based Education for Architectural Education in India","authors":"Nikhil Kohale, Pradeep Kini, Ciraj Mohammed","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.148617.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148617.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background A holistic architectural education is the culmination of learning knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, which eventually reflects in the quality of graduates. Even though different schools of thought have made various kinds of qualitative contributions towards the evolution of architectural education in India, it has largely been dominated by the quantitative and technical aspects of its regulating framework. Architects engage with the demanding contradictions between responsibilities of an ethical nature, the dynamic challenges of practice, and the intricacies of architectural imagination. The aesthetical and imaginative foundations of the field make it incumbent upon the architects to possess a balance of ecumenical proficiencies for accountability and personalization. The purpose of the study is to identify relevant attributes of Competency Based Education (CBE) that can be adopted for architectural education in India. Methods This research follows a narrative review approach and a descriptive-analytic method to broadly understand the attributes of CBE and its potential relevance to architectural education in India. 313 articles were searched on various search strings based on their relevance to the inquiry. 66 documents written in English language were included and appraised through the Scale of the Assessment for Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) tool to avoid any risk of bias. The PRISMA 2020 checklist and flow diagram has been used to report the findings of this narrative review Result The study identifies eight critical parameters of CBE with respect to its definitions, origins, transitions, regulatory environment, characteristics, approaches and implications on teaching-learning, frameworks and models of assessment; and challenges, which makes a case for the relevance of CBE for architectural education in India, which hasn’t been explored yet. Conclusion The broader expectations of ‘being competent’ can be addressed through a conscious adoption of strategies of relevant attributes of CBE which can encourage building attitudes and temperament for life-long learning","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.151246.1
Sian L. Wilcox, D. Bannerman, S. Peirson, V. Vyazovskiy
Background Many behavioural, pharmacological, and metabolic studies in mice require fasting, yet the possibility of fasting-induced torpor affecting the data is rarely considered. Torpor is a state characterised by depressed metabolism and profound alterations to physiology and behaviour. In this study we aimed to determine how the effects of torpor on experimental outcomes could be mitigated. Methods To this end, timing and characteristics of fasting-induced torpor in response to feeding in the morning versus feeding in the night were compared using non-invasive monitoring of peripheral body temperature. Results Night-fed mice entered significantly more torpor bouts per day compared to morning-fed mice (Morning: 2.79±0.197 (mean ± SEM); Night: 4.79±0.533 (mean ± SEM); p=0.0125), but these bouts were shorter on average by ~1.5h. Latency to the first torpor bout following feeding tended to be shorter during night feeding (Morning: 9.57±0.8h (mean ± SEM); Night: 6.66±1.2h (mean ± SEM); p=0.0928). Moreover, torpor bouts typically occurred during the dark phase in the morning-fed group, whilst night feeding resulted in a shift of torpor occurrence to earlier in the day (Morning: 14.2±0.4 ZT h (mean ± SEM); Night: 12.2±0.9 ZT h (mean ± SEM); p=0.0933). There was a high degree of variation in torpor occurrence within and between animals in each group. Conclusions We recommend that feeding time is kept consistent between days and the same across animals to minimise variation in torpor occurrence. Moreover, the timing of food provision may be optimised to allow measurements to be taken during euthermia, to mitigate the effects of torpor on the variables investigated. Finally, we recommend that body temperature is monitored non-invasively to determine when torpor is occurring, and that testing, or sample collection is conducted when the torpor history is comparable between animals.
{"title":"The effect of food timing on torpor propensity and characteristics in laboratory mice during a common food restriction paradigm","authors":"Sian L. Wilcox, D. Bannerman, S. Peirson, V. Vyazovskiy","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.151246.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151246.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Many behavioural, pharmacological, and metabolic studies in mice require fasting, yet the possibility of fasting-induced torpor affecting the data is rarely considered. Torpor is a state characterised by depressed metabolism and profound alterations to physiology and behaviour. In this study we aimed to determine how the effects of torpor on experimental outcomes could be mitigated. Methods To this end, timing and characteristics of fasting-induced torpor in response to feeding in the morning versus feeding in the night were compared using non-invasive monitoring of peripheral body temperature. Results Night-fed mice entered significantly more torpor bouts per day compared to morning-fed mice (Morning: 2.79±0.197 (mean ± SEM); Night: 4.79±0.533 (mean ± SEM); p=0.0125), but these bouts were shorter on average by ~1.5h. Latency to the first torpor bout following feeding tended to be shorter during night feeding (Morning: 9.57±0.8h (mean ± SEM); Night: 6.66±1.2h (mean ± SEM); p=0.0928). Moreover, torpor bouts typically occurred during the dark phase in the morning-fed group, whilst night feeding resulted in a shift of torpor occurrence to earlier in the day (Morning: 14.2±0.4 ZT h (mean ± SEM); Night: 12.2±0.9 ZT h (mean ± SEM); p=0.0933). There was a high degree of variation in torpor occurrence within and between animals in each group. Conclusions We recommend that feeding time is kept consistent between days and the same across animals to minimise variation in torpor occurrence. Moreover, the timing of food provision may be optimised to allow measurements to be taken during euthermia, to mitigate the effects of torpor on the variables investigated. Finally, we recommend that body temperature is monitored non-invasively to determine when torpor is occurring, and that testing, or sample collection is conducted when the torpor history is comparable between animals.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.151242.1
Sian L. Wilcox, D. Bannerman, S. Peirson, V. Vyazovskiy
Background Many behavioural, pharmacological, and metabolic studies in mice require fasting, yet the possibility of fasting-induced torpor affecting data is rarely considered. Torpor is a state characterised by depressed metabolism and profound alterations in physiology and behaviour. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a chronic food restriction paradigm, common in behavioural studies, was sufficient to induce torpor in mice. Methods Mice were food restricted to ~85-90% of their bodyweight, as is typically done, and monitored using continuous thermal imaging. Results We observed that body temperature significantly decreased over days of food restriction, and it was significantly related to the drop in bodyweight (r2=0.8989, p<0.0001). All mice reliably entered torpor daily from day 8 of food restriction which coincided with bodyweight stabilisation at ~85%. We found a strong positive relationship between the magnitude of the decrease of bodyweight and the proportion of mice entering torpor each day (r2=0.8715, p<0.0001). Conclusions Overall, we found that torpor is readily induced in response to food restriction. Considering that hunger is frequently used as a motivational drive in behavioural tasks, it is likely that torpor occurrence is common in such studies, while remaining undetected and unaccounted for. Due to the profound effect of torpor on physiology, it is possible that torpor induction may be confounding subsequent data and represents an important source of variation. We recommend that body temperature is always monitored noninvasively in studies where food restriction is employed, to determine when torpor is occurring, and that torpor history is appropriately controlled for within and across experimental groups.
{"title":"Induction of torpor in response to a common chronic food restriction paradigm: implications for behavioural research using mice","authors":"Sian L. Wilcox, D. Bannerman, S. Peirson, V. Vyazovskiy","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.151242.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151242.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Many behavioural, pharmacological, and metabolic studies in mice require fasting, yet the possibility of fasting-induced torpor affecting data is rarely considered. Torpor is a state characterised by depressed metabolism and profound alterations in physiology and behaviour. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a chronic food restriction paradigm, common in behavioural studies, was sufficient to induce torpor in mice. Methods Mice were food restricted to ~85-90% of their bodyweight, as is typically done, and monitored using continuous thermal imaging. Results We observed that body temperature significantly decreased over days of food restriction, and it was significantly related to the drop in bodyweight (r2=0.8989, p<0.0001). All mice reliably entered torpor daily from day 8 of food restriction which coincided with bodyweight stabilisation at ~85%. We found a strong positive relationship between the magnitude of the decrease of bodyweight and the proportion of mice entering torpor each day (r2=0.8715, p<0.0001). Conclusions Overall, we found that torpor is readily induced in response to food restriction. Considering that hunger is frequently used as a motivational drive in behavioural tasks, it is likely that torpor occurrence is common in such studies, while remaining undetected and unaccounted for. Due to the profound effect of torpor on physiology, it is possible that torpor induction may be confounding subsequent data and represents an important source of variation. We recommend that body temperature is always monitored noninvasively in studies where food restriction is employed, to determine when torpor is occurring, and that torpor history is appropriately controlled for within and across experimental groups.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.152466.1
Roger S. Zoh, Diana M. Thomas, Carmen D Tekwe, Xiaoxin Yu, Colby J. Vorland, N. Dhurandhar, D. M. Klurfeld, David B. Allison
Background Variables such as dietary intake are measured with error yet frequently used in observational epidemiology. Although this limitation is sometimes noted, these variables are still often modeled as covariates without formal correction or sincere dialogue about measurement unreliability potentially weakening the validity of statistical conclusions. Further, larger sample sizes increase power (bias) to detect spurious correlations. Counterintuitively, recent work suggested a non-monotonic relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association. If true, such non-monotonicity would be especially concerning for applications such as nutrition, where measurement reliability varies substantially, and large sample sizes are common. Methods We offer a detailed derivations of the square partial correlation between the outcome and exposure, controlling for the confounder. In our derivation, the measurement reliabilities of exposures and confounders are not arbitrarily constrained to be equal. Further, our theoretical results are investigated using simulations. Results Reassuringly, these derivations and simulations show that the counterintuitive non-monotonicity relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association is an artifact of the arbitrary constraint which forces the measurement reliabilities of exposures and confounders to be equal, which that does not always hold. Conclusions The profound and manifold effects of measurement error on estimation and statistical conclusion validity in realistic scenarios indicate that merely mentioning measurement error as a limitation and then dispensing with it is not an adequate response. We also explore questions for optimal study design subject to resource constraints when considering reliability of exposures, covariates, and outcomes.
{"title":"Adjusting for covariates representing potential confounders, mediators, or competing predictors in the presence of measurement error: Dispelling a potential misapprehension and insights for optimal study design with nutritional epidemiology examples","authors":"Roger S. Zoh, Diana M. Thomas, Carmen D Tekwe, Xiaoxin Yu, Colby J. Vorland, N. Dhurandhar, D. M. Klurfeld, David B. Allison","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.152466.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152466.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Variables such as dietary intake are measured with error yet frequently used in observational epidemiology. Although this limitation is sometimes noted, these variables are still often modeled as covariates without formal correction or sincere dialogue about measurement unreliability potentially weakening the validity of statistical conclusions. Further, larger sample sizes increase power (bias) to detect spurious correlations. Counterintuitively, recent work suggested a non-monotonic relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association. If true, such non-monotonicity would be especially concerning for applications such as nutrition, where measurement reliability varies substantially, and large sample sizes are common. Methods We offer a detailed derivations of the square partial correlation between the outcome and exposure, controlling for the confounder. In our derivation, the measurement reliabilities of exposures and confounders are not arbitrarily constrained to be equal. Further, our theoretical results are investigated using simulations. Results Reassuringly, these derivations and simulations show that the counterintuitive non-monotonicity relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association is an artifact of the arbitrary constraint which forces the measurement reliabilities of exposures and confounders to be equal, which that does not always hold. Conclusions The profound and manifold effects of measurement error on estimation and statistical conclusion validity in realistic scenarios indicate that merely mentioning measurement error as a limitation and then dispensing with it is not an adequate response. We also explore questions for optimal study design subject to resource constraints when considering reliability of exposures, covariates, and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140523.2
M. Lozada-Urbano, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Amalia Flores-Montero, Juana Corzo-Ponte, F. Huaman, Joaquin Aguirre-Sosa, Rosa Maria Benavente Ayquipa, O. Rivera-Lozada, Jaime A. Yáñez
For the Consumption of food away from home CFAFH study, it is necessary to analyze the economic variable of families and the way it is distributed, since it allows a broader perspective of what a household invests in food consumption and how it is associated with health. The aim of this research was to determine the probability of expenditure on households that consume food away from home, with the presence of children under five years (Ch<5y) and households with the presence of older adults (HOA). A cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study was carried out based on the grouping and analysis of data obtained from the Peruvian National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2021 database. After joining the database, the household type variables were created. Households with and without children under five years, and households with and without older adults were selected, as well as other variables such as the area of origin, gender of the head of the household, ethnicity, education level, marital status, age of the head of the household, occupation of the head of the household, and poverty. The results show that households with children under 5 spend 56.35 USDollars per month. While households with older adults spend 34.72 USDollars per month. The variables that allow for a higher probability of FAFH purchase in both groups studied (households with children and older adults): belonging to the rural area (p=0.000; p=0.000), being of Aymara ethnicity (p=0. 000; p=0.000), being of African descent (p=0.000; p=0.011), Having a dependent job (p=0.035; p=0.000), the non-extremely poor (p=0.000; p=0.009), and the non-poor (p=0.000; p=0.000). These results warrant that it is necessary to generate awareness in the population about the food that is sold and consumed away from home for an appropriate selection of healthy options.
{"title":"Households with children under 5 years and older adults, and probability of expenditure on Comsumption of Food Away from Home (CFAFH) in Peru in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"M. Lozada-Urbano, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Amalia Flores-Montero, Juana Corzo-Ponte, F. Huaman, Joaquin Aguirre-Sosa, Rosa Maria Benavente Ayquipa, O. Rivera-Lozada, Jaime A. Yáñez","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.140523.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140523.2","url":null,"abstract":"For the Consumption of food away from home CFAFH study, it is necessary to analyze the economic variable of families and the way it is distributed, since it allows a broader perspective of what a household invests in food consumption and how it is associated with health. The aim of this research was to determine the probability of expenditure on households that consume food away from home, with the presence of children under five years (Ch<5y) and households with the presence of older adults (HOA). A cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study was carried out based on the grouping and analysis of data obtained from the Peruvian National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2021 database. After joining the database, the household type variables were created. Households with and without children under five years, and households with and without older adults were selected, as well as other variables such as the area of origin, gender of the head of the household, ethnicity, education level, marital status, age of the head of the household, occupation of the head of the household, and poverty. The results show that households with children under 5 spend 56.35 USDollars per month. While households with older adults spend 34.72 USDollars per month. The variables that allow for a higher probability of FAFH purchase in both groups studied (households with children and older adults): belonging to the rural area (p=0.000; p=0.000), being of Aymara ethnicity (p=0. 000; p=0.000), being of African descent (p=0.000; p=0.011), Having a dependent job (p=0.035; p=0.000), the non-extremely poor (p=0.000; p=0.009), and the non-poor (p=0.000; p=0.000). These results warrant that it is necessary to generate awareness in the population about the food that is sold and consumed away from home for an appropriate selection of healthy options.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.148400.1
P. K. Giri, Shahil Alam, Madhav Dhakal
Antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of death globally, with a higher possibility of the emergence of highly resistant pathogens, leading to epidemics. Several antibiotic resistance mechanisms have been discovered, such as enhanced efflux of antibiotics, reduced influx of antibiotics, alteration of antibiotics or their targets, and adaptation to antibiotics. However, this mechanism cannot fully explain the development of antibiotic resistance because the genes associated with this mechanism have been elucidated. However, the factors governing their regulation are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have highlighted the epigenetic and epitranscriptomic roles of antibiotic resistance development-associated genes. Epigenetic modification is associated with DNA modification, whereas epitranscriptomic modification is associated with RNA modification to control gene expression by regulating various biological phenomena such as splicing, translation, and stability. Therefore, this review will focus on the discovery of epigenetic modifications, particularly by DNA methyltransferases, such as restriction-modification (R-M) systems associated with methyltransferases, orphan DNA methyltransferases, and nucleoid-associated proteins that contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. This scrutinization further expands to epitranscriptomic modification of non-coding RNA, which has a role in the regulation of antibiotic resistance. Epitranscriptomic modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a major target of antibiotics, has been well explored. while non-coding RNA such as cis and trans small non coding RNA, and riboswitches are poorly explored. This epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modification will help to understand the regulation of antibiotic resistance-associated genes, which will help to identify key regulators of antibiotic resistance, paving the way for new antibiotic discovery, leading to decreased antibiotic mortality globally.
抗生素耐药性是全球死亡的主要原因，高耐药性病原体的出现更有可能导致流行病。目前已发现几种抗生素耐药性机制，如抗生素外流增强、抗生素流入减少、抗生素或其靶点改变以及对抗生素的适应。然而，这种机制并不能完全解释抗生素耐药性的产生，因为与这种机制相关的基因已经被阐明。然而，它们的调控因素尚未完全明了。最近的研究强调了抗生素耐药性发展相关基因的表观遗传学和表观转录组学作用。表观遗传修饰与 DNA 修饰有关，而表转录组修饰与 RNA 修饰有关，通过调节剪接、翻译和稳定性等各种生物现象来控制基因表达。因此，本综述将重点关注表观遗传修饰的发现，尤其是 DNA 甲基转移酶的修饰，如与甲基转移酶相关的限制性修饰（R-M）系统、DNA 甲基转移酶孤儿以及导致抗生素耐药性产生的核糖体相关蛋白。这一研究进一步扩展到非编码 RNA 的表转录组修饰，这种修饰在抗生素耐药性的调控中发挥作用。核糖体 RNA（rRNA）是抗生素的主要靶标，其表观转录组学修饰已经得到了深入探讨。而对顺式和反式小非编码 RNA 以及核糖开关等非编码 RNA 的研究则较少。这种表观遗传学和表观转录组学修饰将有助于了解抗生素耐药性相关基因的调控，这将有助于确定抗生素耐药性的关键调控因子，为发现新的抗生素铺平道路，从而降低全球抗生素死亡率。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on epigenetic and epitranscriptomic-mediated regulation of antibiotic resistance","authors":"P. K. Giri, Shahil Alam, Madhav Dhakal","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.148400.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148400.1","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of death globally, with a higher possibility of the emergence of highly resistant pathogens, leading to epidemics. Several antibiotic resistance mechanisms have been discovered, such as enhanced efflux of antibiotics, reduced influx of antibiotics, alteration of antibiotics or their targets, and adaptation to antibiotics. However, this mechanism cannot fully explain the development of antibiotic resistance because the genes associated with this mechanism have been elucidated. However, the factors governing their regulation are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have highlighted the epigenetic and epitranscriptomic roles of antibiotic resistance development-associated genes. Epigenetic modification is associated with DNA modification, whereas epitranscriptomic modification is associated with RNA modification to control gene expression by regulating various biological phenomena such as splicing, translation, and stability. Therefore, this review will focus on the discovery of epigenetic modifications, particularly by DNA methyltransferases, such as restriction-modification (R-M) systems associated with methyltransferases, orphan DNA methyltransferases, and nucleoid-associated proteins that contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. This scrutinization further expands to epitranscriptomic modification of non-coding RNA, which has a role in the regulation of antibiotic resistance. Epitranscriptomic modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a major target of antibiotics, has been well explored. while non-coding RNA such as cis and trans small non coding RNA, and riboswitches are poorly explored. This epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modification will help to understand the regulation of antibiotic resistance-associated genes, which will help to identify key regulators of antibiotic resistance, paving the way for new antibiotic discovery, leading to decreased antibiotic mortality globally.","PeriodicalId":504605,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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