Despite stroke being one of the major and increasing burdens to global health, therapeutic interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) continue to be a challenge. Existing treatment methods, such as surgery and conservative treatment have shown limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of ICH. However, more and more studies show that exploring the specific process of immune response after ICH and taking corresponding immunotherapy may have a definite significance to improve the prognosis of cerebral haemorrhage. Therefore, immune interventions are currently under consideration as therapeutic interventions in the ICH. In this review, we aim to clarify unique immunological features of stroke, and consider the evidence for immune interventions. In acute ICH, activation of glial cells and cell death products trigger an inflammatory cascade that damages vessels and the parenchyma within minutes to hours of the haemorrhage. Immune interventions that ameliorate brain inflammation, vascular permeability and tissue oedema should be administered promptly to reduce acute immune destruction and avoid subsequent immunosuppression. A deeper understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in ICH is likely to lead to successful immune interventions.
尽管中风是全球健康的主要负担之一,而且这一负担还在不断增加,但脑出血(ICH)的治疗干预仍是一项挑战。现有的治疗方法,如手术和保守治疗,对改善 ICH 的预后效果有限。然而,越来越多的研究表明,探索 ICH 后免疫反应的特殊过程并采取相应的免疫疗法,对于改善脑出血的预后可能具有一定的意义。因此,目前正在考虑将免疫干预作为 ICH 的治疗干预手段。在本综述中,我们旨在阐明脑卒中独特的免疫学特征,并考虑免疫干预的证据。在急性 ICH 中,神经胶质细胞的激活和细胞死亡产物引发炎症级联反应,在出血后数分钟至数小时内破坏血管和实质。应及时采取能改善脑部炎症、血管通透性和组织水肿的免疫干预措施,以减少急性免疫破坏,避免后续免疫抑制。更深入地了解 ICH 所涉及的免疫机制很可能会成功地进行免疫干预。
{"title":"Mechanism and application of immune interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Xu, Yuanwei Li, Shiling Chen, Xuan Wu, Jiarui Li, Gaigai Li, Zhouping Tang","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.22","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2024.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite stroke being one of the major and increasing burdens to global health, therapeutic interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) continue to be a challenge. Existing treatment methods, such as surgery and conservative treatment have shown limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of ICH. However, more and more studies show that exploring the specific process of immune response after ICH and taking corresponding immunotherapy may have a definite significance to improve the prognosis of cerebral haemorrhage. Therefore, immune interventions are currently under consideration as therapeutic interventions in the ICH. In this review, we aim to clarify unique immunological features of stroke, and consider the evidence for immune interventions. In acute ICH, activation of glial cells and cell death products trigger an inflammatory cascade that damages vessels and the parenchyma within minutes to hours of the haemorrhage. Immune interventions that ameliorate brain inflammation, vascular permeability and tissue oedema should be administered promptly to reduce acute immune destruction and avoid subsequent immunosuppression. A deeper understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in ICH is likely to lead to successful immune interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ATXN3 is a ubiquitin hydrolase (or deubiquitinase, DUB), product of the ATXN3 gene, ubiquitously expressed in various cell types including peripheral and neuronal tissues and involved in several cellular pathways. Importantly, the expansion of the CAG trinucleotides within the ATXN3 gene leads to an expanded polyglutamine domain in the encoded protein, which has been associated with the onset of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease, the most common dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. ATXN3 has therefore been under intensive investigation for decades. In this review, we summarize the main functions of ATXN3 in proteostasis, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, as well as the emerging role in regulating chromatin structure. The mentioned molecular functions of ATXN3 are also reviewed in the context of the pathological expanded form of ATXN3.
{"title":"ATXN3: a multifunctional protein involved in the polyglutamine disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.","authors":"Esperanza Hernández-Carralero, Grégoire Quinet, Raimundo Freire","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ATXN3 is a ubiquitin hydrolase (or deubiquitinase, DUB), product of the <i>ATXN3</i> gene, ubiquitously expressed in various cell types including peripheral and neuronal tissues and involved in several cellular pathways. Importantly, the expansion of the CAG trinucleotides within the <i>ATXN3</i> gene leads to an expanded polyglutamine domain in the encoded protein, which has been associated with the onset of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease, the most common dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. ATXN3 has therefore been under intensive investigation for decades. In this review, we summarize the main functions of ATXN3 in proteostasis, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, as well as the emerging role in regulating chromatin structure. The mentioned molecular functions of ATXN3 are also reviewed in the context of the pathological expanded form of ATXN3.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Israa M Helal, Monica A Kamal, Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz, Hend M El Tayebi
Recent development in immunotherapy for cancer treatment has substantiated to be more effective than most of the other treatments. Immunity is the first line of defence of the body; nevertheless, cancerous cells can manipulate immunity compartments to play several roles in tumour progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most dominant components in the tumour microenvironment, are recognized as anti-tumour suppressors. Unfortunately, the complete behaviour of TAMs is still unclear and understudied. TAM density is directly correlated with the progression and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), therefore studying TAMs from different points of view passing by all the factors that may affect its existence, polarization, functions and repolarization are of great importance. Different epigenetic regulations were reported to have a direct relation with both HCC and TAMs. Here, this review discusses different epigenetic regulations that can affect TAMs in HCC whether positively or negatively.
{"title":"Epigenetic tuning of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs): a potential approach in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy.","authors":"Israa M Helal, Monica A Kamal, Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz, Hend M El Tayebi","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent development in immunotherapy for cancer treatment has substantiated to be more effective than most of the other treatments. Immunity is the first line of defence of the body; nevertheless, cancerous cells can manipulate immunity compartments to play several roles in tumour progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most dominant components in the tumour microenvironment, are recognized as anti-tumour suppressors. Unfortunately, the complete behaviour of TAMs is still unclear and understudied. TAM density is directly correlated with the progression and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), therefore studying TAMs from different points of view passing by all the factors that may affect its existence, polarization, functions and repolarization are of great importance. Different epigenetic regulations were reported to have a direct relation with both HCC and TAMs. Here, this review discusses different epigenetic regulations that can affect TAMs in HCC whether positively or negatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ADP-ribosyltransferases of the PARP family encompass a group of enzymes with variegated regulatory functions in cells, ranging from DNA damage repair to the control of cell-cycle progression and immune response. Over the years, this knowledge has led to the use of PARP1/2 inhibitors as mainstay pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and breast cancers, holding mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the DNA repair mechanisms (synthetic lethality). Meanwhile, the last decade has witnessed significant progress in comprehending cellular pathways regulated by mono-ADP-ribosylation, with a huge effort in the development of novel selective compounds to inhibit those PARPs endowed with mono-ADP-ribosylation activity. This review focuses on the progress achieved in the cancer field, delving into most recent findings regarding the role of a subset of enzymes - the interferon-stimulated PARPs - in cancer progression.
PARP 家族的 ADP 核糖转移酶包括一组在细胞中具有各种调节功能的酶,从 DNA 损伤修复到控制细胞周期进展和免疫反应。多年来,这些知识促使人们将 PARP1/2 抑制剂作为治疗卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌的主要药物策略,因为 DNA 修复机制(合成致死)涉及的蛋白质编码基因发生了突变。与此同时,在过去十年中,人们在理解受单 ADP 核糖基化调控的细胞通路方面取得了重大进展,并在开发新型选择性化合物以抑制具有单 ADP 核糖基化活性的 PARPs 方面做出了巨大努力。本综述将重点关注癌症领域取得的进展,深入探讨有关干扰素刺激的 PARPs 这一类酶在癌症进展中所起作用的最新发现。
{"title":"PARP enzymes and mono-ADP-ribosylation: advancing the connection from interferon-signalling to cancer biology.","authors":"Barbara Morone, Giovanna Grimaldi","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.13","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ADP-ribosyltransferases of the PARP family encompass a group of enzymes with variegated regulatory functions in cells, ranging from DNA damage repair to the control of cell-cycle progression and immune response. Over the years, this knowledge has led to the use of PARP1/2 inhibitors as mainstay pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and breast cancers, holding mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the DNA repair mechanisms (synthetic lethality). Meanwhile, the last decade has witnessed significant progress in comprehending cellular pathways regulated by mono-ADP-ribosylation, with a huge effort in the development of novel selective compounds to inhibit those PARPs endowed with mono-ADP-ribosylation activity. This review focuses on the progress achieved in the cancer field, delving into most recent findings regarding the role of a subset of enzymes - the interferon-stimulated PARPs - in cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PARP2, that belongs to the family of ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes (ART), is a discovery of the millennium, as it was identified in 1999. Although PARP2 was described initially as a DNA repair factor, it is now evident that PARP2 partakes in the regulation or execution of multiple biological processes as inflammation, carcinogenesis and cancer progression, metabolism or oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the involvement of PARP2 in these processes with the aim of understanding which processes are specific for PARP2, but not for other members of the ART family. A better understanding of the specific functions of PARP2 in all of these biological processes is crucial for the development of new PARP-centred selective therapies.
{"title":"Specific and shared biological functions of PARP2 – is PARP2 really a lil’ brother of PARP1?","authors":"Magdolna Szántó, José Yélamos, Péter Bai","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2024.14","url":null,"abstract":"PARP2, that belongs to the family of ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes (ART), is a discovery of the millennium, as it was identified in 1999. Although PARP2 was described initially as a DNA repair factor, it is now evident that PARP2 partakes in the regulation or execution of multiple biological processes as inflammation, carcinogenesis and cancer progression, metabolism or oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the involvement of PARP2 in these processes with the aim of understanding which processes are specific for PARP2, but not for other members of the ART family. A better understanding of the specific functions of PARP2 in all of these biological processes is crucial for the development of new PARP-centred selective therapies.","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are progressively being perceived as prominent molecular agents controlling multiple aspects of neuronal (patho)physiology. Amongst these is the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, often abbreviated as HOTAIR. HOTAIR epigenetically regulates its target genes via its interaction with two different chromatin-modifying agents; histone methyltransferase polycomb-repressive complex 2 and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Parenthetically, HOTAIR elicits trans-acting sponging function against multiple micro-RNA species. Oncological research studies have confirmed the pathogenic functions of HOTAIR in multiple cancer types, such as gliomas and proposed it as a pro-oncological lncRNA. In fact, its expression has been suggested to be a predictor of the severity/grade of gliomas, and as a prognostic biomarker. Moreover, a propound influence of HOTAIR in other aspects of brain heath and disease states is just beginning to be unravelled. The objective of this review is to recapitulate all the relevant data pertaining to the regulatory roles of HOTAIR in neuronal (patho)physiology. To this end, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of HOTAIR in multiple neuronal diseases, such as neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we also summarize the results from the studies incriminating HOTAIR in the pathogeneses of gliomas and other brain cancers. Implications of HOTAIR serving as a suitable therapeutic target in neuropathologies are also discussed.
{"title":"The multifaceted functions of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in neuropathologies and its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic biotarget","authors":"Faraz Ahmad, Ravi Sudesh, Atheeq Toufeeq Ahmed, Mohanapriya Arumugam, Darin Mansor Mathkor, Shafiul Haque","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are progressively being perceived as prominent molecular agents controlling multiple aspects of neuronal (patho)physiology. Amongst these is the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, often abbreviated as <span>HOTAIR</span>. <span>HOTAIR</span> epigenetically regulates its target genes via its interaction with two different chromatin-modifying agents; histone methyltransferase polycomb-repressive complex 2 and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Parenthetically, <span>HOTAIR</span> elicits trans-acting sponging function against multiple micro-RNA species. Oncological research studies have confirmed the pathogenic functions of <span>HOTAIR</span> in multiple cancer types, such as gliomas and proposed it as a pro-oncological lncRNA. In fact, its expression has been suggested to be a predictor of the severity/grade of gliomas, and as a prognostic biomarker. Moreover, a propound influence of <span>HOTAIR</span> in other aspects of brain heath and disease states is just beginning to be unravelled. The objective of this review is to recapitulate all the relevant data pertaining to the regulatory roles of <span>HOTAIR</span> in neuronal (patho)physiology. To this end, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of <span>HOTAIR</span> in multiple neuronal diseases, such as neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we also summarize the results from the studies incriminating <span>HOTAIR</span> in the pathogeneses of gliomas and other brain cancers. Implications of <span>HOTAIR</span> serving as a suitable therapeutic target in neuropathologies are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhys E. De Sota, Stephen R. Quake, John J. Sninsky, Shusuke Toden
Despite gene-expression profiling being one of the most common methods to evaluate molecular dysregulation in tissues, the utilization of cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) as a blood-based non-invasive biomarker analyte has been limited compared to other RNA classes. Recent advancements in low-input RNA-sequencing and normalization techniques, however, have enabled characterization as well as accurate quantification of cf-mRNAs allowing direct pathological insights. The molecular profile of the cell-free transcriptome in multiple diseases has subsequently been characterized including, prenatal diseases, neurological disorders, liver diseases and cancers suggesting this biological compartment may serve as a disease agnostic platform. With mRNAs packaged in a myriad of extracellular vesicles and particles, these signals may be used to develop clinically actionable, non-invasive disease biomarkers. Here, we summarize the recent scientific developments of extracellular mRNA, biology of extracellular mRNA carriers, clinical utility of cf-mRNA as disease biomarkers, as well as proposed functions in cell and tissue pathophysiology.
{"title":"Decoding bioactive signals of the RNA secretome: the cell-free messenger RNA catalogue","authors":"Rhys E. De Sota, Stephen R. Quake, John J. Sninsky, Shusuke Toden","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite gene-expression profiling being one of the most common methods to evaluate molecular dysregulation in tissues, the utilization of cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) as a blood-based non-invasive biomarker analyte has been limited compared to other RNA classes. Recent advancements in low-input RNA-sequencing and normalization techniques, however, have enabled characterization as well as accurate quantification of cf-mRNAs allowing direct pathological insights. The molecular profile of the cell-free transcriptome in multiple diseases has subsequently been characterized including, prenatal diseases, neurological disorders, liver diseases and cancers suggesting this biological compartment may serve as a disease agnostic platform. With mRNAs packaged in a myriad of extracellular vesicles and particles, these signals may be used to develop clinically actionable, non-invasive disease biomarkers. Here, we summarize the recent scientific developments of extracellular mRNA, biology of extracellular mRNA carriers, clinical utility of cf-mRNA as disease biomarkers, as well as proposed functions in cell and tissue pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baoqiang Yang, D. Ma, Xue-Jun Zhu, Zewen Wu, Qingwu An, Jingwen Zhao, Xinnan Gao, Liyun Zhang
Autoimmune diseases are pathological autoimmune reactions in the body caused by various factors, which can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. They can be divided into organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. These diseases usually involve various body systems, including the blood, muscles, bones, joints and soft tissues. The transient receptor potential (TRP) and PIEZO receptors, which resulted in David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021, attracted people's attention. Most current studies on TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases have been carried out on animal model, only few clinical studies have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to review existing studies on TRP and PIEZO to understand the roles of these receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may help elucidate novel treatment strategies.
{"title":"Roles of TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Baoqiang Yang, D. Ma, Xue-Jun Zhu, Zewen Wu, Qingwu An, Jingwen Zhao, Xinnan Gao, Liyun Zhang","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune diseases are pathological autoimmune reactions in the body caused by various factors, which can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. They can be divided into organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. These diseases usually involve various body systems, including the blood, muscles, bones, joints and soft tissues. The transient receptor potential (TRP) and PIEZO receptors, which resulted in David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021, attracted people's attention. Most current studies on TRP and PIEZO receptors in autoimmune diseases have been carried out on animal model, only few clinical studies have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to review existing studies on TRP and PIEZO to understand the roles of these receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may help elucidate novel treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn Pennel, Louise Dutton, Lydia Melissourgou-Syka, Campbell S D Roxburgh, Joanna Birch, Joanne Edwards
{"title":"Novel radiation and targeted therapy combinations for improving rectal cancer outcomes.","authors":"Kathryn Pennel, Louise Dutton, Lydia Melissourgou-Syka, Campbell S D Roxburgh, Joanna Birch, Joanne Edwards","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2024.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily in the Skin.","authors":"Qianqian Chen, Tuan Wang, Hong Pan, Xia Wu, Huipu Yuan, Jianling Mo, Yuan Wei, Ying Xiao","doi":"10.1017/erm.2024.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}