European Review of Aging and Physical Activity最新文献

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the combination of and exercise training on older adults' physical performance and body composition. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases (date of access: 30 August 2024) were queried. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria and a total of 1093 participants (69% females and 31% males) were included in the study. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the overall effect size was calculated for all comparisons between the creatine plus exercise training group and placebo plus exercise training group. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles. Our findings showed that creatine intake and exercise training significantly affect 1RM (kg) in older adults (mean difference = 2.122, Z = 3.255, P = 0.001). There was a significant effect on fat percentage (%) in older adults (mean difference = -0.548, Z = -2.231, P = 0.026), while creatine intake and exercise training did not have a significant effect on bone mineral density (BMD) of total body (g/cm²) in older adults (mean difference = 0.009, Z = 0.587, P = 0.557). By participating in exercise training programs and creatine supplementation, older adults can improve their functional performance and body composition. However, the effects of exercise training and creatine supplementation on BMD require further study (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024581817).

Background: Cognitive impairments, including MCI and dementia, significantly heighten fall risk due to motor dysfunction and balance deficits. Although physical activity is essential for dementia prevention, older adults often struggle with balance issues, fear of falling, and reduced mobility. This study investigated the impact of balance training, alone or combined with cognitive exercises, on functional balance and cognitive performance in individuals with cognitive impairments.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across three electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed studies written in English that examined the effects of balance-oriented physical therapy, either alone or in combination with cognitive training, on individuals with cognitive or concurrent cognitive and balance impairments. The outcomes of interest included balance and cognitive function. The risk of bias was evaluated independently by two reviewers using the ROB-1 tool. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using RevMan software.

Results: This systematic review found that stand-alone physical exercise significantly improved postural stability in 15 out of 24 studies and enhanced cognitive function in 5 out of 25 studies. Furthermore, the integration of cognitive training alongside physical exercise demonstrated additional benefits in improving balance and cognition in 7 out of 11 studies. These findings suggest that such interventions may be beneficial for older adults with cognitive impairments, warranting further research to establish definitive conclusions.

Conclusion: This systematic review emphasizes the potential benefits of physical balance exercises, often combined with cognitive training, in improving balance, cognitive function, and certain aspects of quality of life among individuals with cognitive impairment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between sensor-based assessment of daily physical activity patterns and physical fitness among older adults by meta-analyses of relevant studies.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, CINAHL by EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PsycInfo by ProQuest, Embase, and Scopus) from inception until January 18, 2025. Manual searches of reference lists and Google Scholar were also performed, utilizing predefined keywords to identify observational studies with bivariate association analyses. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies was employed to assess study quality. The association analyses were further categorized based on the characteristics of daily activity (sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous) and physical fitness (e.g., grip strength, knee muscle strength, leg power, walking endurance, mobility function, and gait speed).

Results: Thirteen cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. On average, older adults spent 78% of their day sedentary, 15% in light-intensity activity, and 7% in moderate-to-vigorous activity. Sedentary behavior was linked to lower physical fitness ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]), while moderate-to-vigorous activity was linked to better fitness ([Formula: see text] to 0.43); light-intensity activity showed only weak and selective associations with better mobility function and gait speed ([Formula: see text] to 0.26).

Conclusion: This review shows that while older adults spend much of their day sedentary, both moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity physical activity are linked to better physical fitness. Promoting light-intensity activities may be a practical strategy to support mobility and independence, especially for those unable to meet higher activity guidelines. However, recommendations should remain cautious, as the evidence supporting an association between light-intensity physical activity and physical fitness is currently weak.

Prospero registration: The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42023471302).

Aim: To investigate the effect of digital exercise interventions on muscle mechanical function in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above.

Methods: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science until end of March 2024. The Cochrane RoB2.0 tool and GRADE were employed for quality assessment. We performed meta-analysis using random-effects model and sub-group and meta-regression analyses to investigate the robustness of the findings. GRADE was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence.

Results: Thirty RCTs, comprising 1697 participants with a mean age of 71.27 years, were included in the data analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect of technology-based physical activity intervention on muscle mechanical function (Hedge's g = 0.27, p = < 0.001). In the sub-analysis, 18 studies focused on interactive interventions on handgrip strength (SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.38) and leg strength (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.93). The overall certainty of the evidence was deemed low.

Conclusion: Digital interventions focusing on physical activity interventions have generally shown small but significant improvements in older adults. Interactive and semi-interactive interventions were effective, while passive ones were not.

Background: Supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIT) programmes can be challenging to replicate outside research settings. This study aimed to explore its feasibility for older adults in a community setting, incorporating perspectives from exercise participants and instructors.

Methods: A pragmatic feasibility study using a convergent mixed- methods design involving four exercise instructors from one training facility and 21 older adult exercise participants (14 women, age-range 65-78). The previously used HIT programme consisted of 20-minute sessions that included a warm-up, ten 6-second intervals, and cool-down. Instructors first adapted the programme around these core components to their setting and then conducted 25 sessions. Both qualitative (individual interviews) and quantitative (estimated maximal oxygen consumption, estimated 6-second power, exercise- related motivation, and self-efficacy) data were collected and analysed (content analysis and descriptive statistics) in parallel. A taxonomy for implementation outcomes was used as an analytical matrix.

Results: Experiences of both participants and instructors revealed that the structure of the training was regarded as engaging, enjoyable, and supportive for establishing routines and promoting ownership of training progression. Participants found personalised and motivating approaches to engage with the programme and confidence in their abilities grew. Changes in exercise-related motivation and self-efficacy showed individual variation without a group trend. Participants who completed the intervention showed a positive median change in estimated 6-second power and maximal oxygen consumption, although individual responses varied. Experienced challenges included coordinating tasks during intervals and confidence in managing the programme. Barriers to fidelity and to scale-up were related to the practical complexity and fixed structure.

Conclusions: Supramaximal HIT can be implemented for older adults in a community setting with appropriate support, including individualised watt-based intensity and structured progression. The findings highlight how participants took ownership of their intensity progression, enabling them to challenge their limits. However, the fixed structure and complexity in managing short intervals may pose barriers to broader adoption. To enhance feasibility and scalability, simplifying interval management and providing clear, structured guidance are recommended. These insights help refine and optimize supramaximal HIT implementation for older adults in community settings.

Trial registration: Open Science Framework 31 January 2023 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7T2G ).

Background: Previous studies showed that the difficulty levels of posture and cognitive tasks and pain could interactively modulate the brain oscillations. Older adults with low back pain (LBP) have poorer postural control than healthy older adults under dual-task conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate alterations in brain activation during dual tasks in older people with LBP.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved older participants with LBP (n = 21) and healthy older adults (n = 18) without a history of LBP. Electroencephalogram data and balance performance data were recorded simultaneously during dual and single tasks that required the participants to maintain stability in posture tasks with or without a concurrent cognitive task. The posture tasks had two levels of difficulty: a two-leg stance and one-leg stance. Cognitive tasks involved three levels of difficulty: no-cognition tasks, counting tasks, and arithmetic tasks. Brain activities were assessed using the power spectral density (PSD) of alpha-, beta-, and theta-band power rhythms within three regions of interest including the frontal, central, and parietal regions of the brain.

Results: A repeated-measures analysis of variance (2 postural tasks × 3 cognitive tasks × 2 groups) was used to test balance performance, cognitive performance and brain activities under different task conditions between the two groups. Compare to controls, LBP participants showed poorer performance in postural tasks (reflected by larger COP parameters) and cognitive tasks (reflected by lower accuracy rates) regardless of task difficulty level (p < 0.05). LBP participants showed larger COP parameters in the dual task with high and low cognitive difficulties than those in single task (p < 0.05), which was not observed in control group. The theta band power of control group was higher during one-leg stance than during two-leg stance in frontocentral regions (p < 0.05), which was not observed in LBP group. The LBP group showed greater beta-band power in the frontal regions than the control group in all conditions(p < 0.05). Correlations between COP parameters and theta band power in frontal regions were significant in dual task or one-leg stance(p < 0.05).

Conclusions: In older people with LBP, the brain oscillations as assessed on the PSD of beta and theta power rhythms is changed under the dual-task condition compared with control group. Cognitive and postural difficulty levels could modulate theta band power in frontal region, which subsequently affected the balance performance in older people with LBP.

Objectives: To identify the modifiable determinants targeted in interventions involving older adults, and to determine which of these interventions effectively increased physical activity (PA) and/or reduced sedentary behaviour (SB). Additionally, to explore whether the effects of these interventions vary based on the implementation setting.

Methods: A search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) was performed in Medline, APA PsycArticles, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was performed with Cochrane's tool. Modifiable determinants were narratively synthesized, and random-effects models were performed to meta-analyse studies reporting device-measured physical activity or sedentary behaviour. Moderator analyses were performed to investigate the role of implementation setting. Standardized between-group mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to indicate effect sizes.

Results: From 31,727 individual records, 52 eligible studies published between 2012-2022 were identified, 30 and 22 studies from community and health care settings, respectively. Determinants within the category physical health and wellbeing (n = 23) were most frequently reported while only one study reported determinants within a social or cultural context. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing revealed an increase in steps (SMD = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.77) and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.64) among intervention participants compared to controls, whereas interventions targeting psychological or behavioural determinants showed no between-group differences in steps (SMD = 0.10; 95%CI: -0.12 to 0.32) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.75). Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing showed significant heterogeneity (p < 0.0001; I² = 73.10%). Subgroup analyses showed a significant effect on device-measured physical activity for the eight community-based interventions (SMD = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.07 to 0.77), while no significant effect was found for the eight studies performed in healthcare settings (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI; -0.10 to 0.62).

Conclusion: Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing may increase PA in older adults, with community-based studies appearing more effective than studies in healthcare settings. The significant heterogeneity of study findings indicates that further research is needed to fully understand the influence of PA and SB determinants across settings, particularly those related to psychological, behavioural, social, and cultural factors.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022287606.