To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and semen quality parameters. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters. This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. Pooled effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using percent changes (PC). The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6 711 participants and 15 087 semen samples. The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters. In particular, SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility (PC=0.032; 95% CI: -0.063 to -0.001; P=0.044) and sperm concentration (PC = -0.020; 95% CI: -0.036 to -0.005; P=0.012). However, no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count (PC = -0.038; 95% CI: -0.079 to 0.003; P=0.070), seminal fluid volume (PC = -0.009; 95% CI: -0.048 to -0.030; P=0.662) and sperm motility (PC = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.363 to 0.022; P=0.830). In addition, the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide and semen quality parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny, Mojtaba Aghaei, Mohammad Reza Dabbagh, Hamid Ghorbani, Moslem Javidan, Reza Mohammadpour Fard","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_95_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_95_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To investigate the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and semen quality parameters.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies investigating the association between SO2 exposure and semen quality parameters. This search encompassed the timeframe from January 2000 to May 2023 and included electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. Pooled effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using percent changes (PC). The meta-analysis included seven studies with 6 711 participants and 15 087 semen samples.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results revealed a significant negative association between ambient SO2 exposure and certain semen quality parameters. In particular, SO2 exposure was associated with a significant decrease in progressive motility (PC=0.032; 95% CI: -0.063 to -0.001; P=0.044) and sperm concentration (PC = -0.020; 95% CI: -0.036 to -0.005; P=0.012). However, no statistically significant associations were observed for total sperm count (PC = -0.038; 95% CI: -0.079 to 0.003; P=0.070), seminal fluid volume (PC = -0.009; 95% CI: -0.048 to -0.030; P=0.662) and sperm motility (PC = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.363 to 0.022; P=0.830). In addition, the results of the subgroup analysis revealed specific variables that were associated with the decrease in relevant sperm parameters.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This systematic review and meta-analysis provides compelling evidence supporting a consistent negative association between exposure to ambient SO2 and semen quality parameters.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okutucu Gulcan, E. Mehmet S, Peker Nurullah, Yaman Tunc Senem, I. Mehmet S
To evaluate the effect of bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (BHGAL) on women's pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in cases with severe postpartum hemorrhage. Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2018 were included in the study. The records of cases were obtained from the hospital database, retrospectively. Maternal demographic data, morbidities or complications associated with BHGAL surgery, any additional haemostatic interventional or surgical procedures, preoperative admission and lowest postoperative haematocrit-hemoglobin values, blood products given, type of anaesthesia, intensive care unit (ICU) and length of hospital stay were recorded. In cases without surgical sterilization, future fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed for at least two years after operation. Information was obtained through face-to-face or telephone interviews with patients whose long-term fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed. Sixty-eight patients with BHGAL surgery history were included in the study. 26 Of 37 cases (70%) that did not undergo surgical sterilization had a desire for pregnancy after the surgery. Six of these cases (23%) were diagnosed with secondary infertility. The fertility rate of these cases was 77%, and subsequent pregnancy was detected in 20 women. A total of 25 pregnancies, including first and second pregnancies, developed, and 15 of these pregnancies resulted in term delivery, six preterm births, one stillbirth, and three abortions. The postoperative pregnancy rate was found to be higher than the rate of women with infertility problems, and this surgery does not seem to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This is a tertiary center experience and cohort studies with large patient series are needed.
{"title":"Subsequent pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in the case series that underwent bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (BHGAL) due to severe postpartum hemorrhage","authors":"Okutucu Gulcan, E. Mehmet S, Peker Nurullah, Yaman Tunc Senem, I. Mehmet S","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_84_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_84_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the effect of bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (BHGAL) on women's pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in cases with severe postpartum hemorrhage.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2018 were included in the study. The records of cases were obtained from the hospital database, retrospectively. Maternal demographic data, morbidities or complications associated with BHGAL surgery, any additional haemostatic interventional or surgical procedures, preoperative admission and lowest postoperative haematocrit-hemoglobin values, blood products given, type of anaesthesia, intensive care unit (ICU) and length of hospital stay were recorded. In cases without surgical sterilization, future fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed for at least two years after operation. Information was obtained through face-to-face or telephone interviews with patients whose long-term fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty-eight patients with BHGAL surgery history were included in the study. 26 Of 37 cases (70%) that did not undergo surgical sterilization had a desire for pregnancy after the surgery. Six of these cases (23%) were diagnosed with secondary infertility. The fertility rate of these cases was 77%, and subsequent pregnancy was detected in 20 women. A total of 25 pregnancies, including first and second pregnancies, developed, and 15 of these pregnancies resulted in term delivery, six preterm births, one stillbirth, and three abortions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The postoperative pregnancy rate was found to be higher than the rate of women with infertility problems, and this surgery does not seem to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This is a tertiary center experience and cohort studies with large patient series are needed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mercedes González-Martínez, P. Sánchez-Martín, C. López‐Fernández, Stephen D Johnston, J. Gosálvez
To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the human ejaculate. This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort (abnormal forms >14%), 210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms (≤4%) and 65 patients presenting with a moderate level of abnormal forms (>4% to ≤14%) based on the World Health Organization definitions. Sperm morphology was assessed using bright field microscopy. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this relationship. A correlation analysis revealed that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate, the higher the level of SDF (Spearman's Rho = -0.230; P<0.001). Significant differences in the proportion of SDF were found when all cohorts were compared (P<0.001); these significant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared pairwise. ROC analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDF to differentiate patients with different levels of teratozoospemia. Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDF, there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.
{"title":"The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa","authors":"Mercedes González-Martínez, P. Sánchez-Martín, C. López‐Fernández, Stephen D Johnston, J. Gosálvez","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the human ejaculate.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort (abnormal forms >14%), 210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms (≤4%) and 65 patients presenting with a moderate level of abnormal forms (>4% to ≤14%) based on the World Health Organization definitions. Sperm morphology was assessed using bright field microscopy. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this relationship.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A correlation analysis revealed that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate, the higher the level of SDF (Spearman's Rho = -0.230; P<0.001). Significant differences in the proportion of SDF were found when all cohorts were compared (P<0.001); these significant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared pairwise. ROC analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDF to differentiate patients with different levels of teratozoospemia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDF, there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Susilowati, Imam Mustofa, Tri Wahyu Suparyogi, A. Akintunde, Djoko Agus Purwanto, W. Wurlina, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati
To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent, and the proper thawing temperature. The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without (the control group) and with adding 1 μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent (the treatment group). Then, the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60× 106 live sperm per straw, frozen in a standard protocol, and stored as frozen semen at -196 °C for a week. Six replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37 °C or 39 °C sterile water to evaluate the semen quality. Post-thawing (at 37 °C or 39 °C) of live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage (P<0.05). Thawing at 37 °C resulted in no significant difference in live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane between the control group and the treatment group (P>0.05). The live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage, and post-thawed at 39 C were higher compared to those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, DNA fragmentation, and catalase concentration of thawing at 37 °C compared to those of 39 °C in the same group. The MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). However, the catalase concentration in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (P>0.05). Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1 μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39 °C.
{"title":"Adding chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract in diluent and thawing temperatures ameliorate the post-thawed quality of Boer buck semen","authors":"S. Susilowati, Imam Mustofa, Tri Wahyu Suparyogi, A. Akintunde, Djoko Agus Purwanto, W. Wurlina, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_93_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_93_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent, and the proper thawing temperature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without (the control group) and with adding 1 μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent (the treatment group). Then, the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60× 106 live sperm per straw, frozen in a standard protocol, and stored as frozen semen at -196 °C for a week. Six replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37 °C or 39 °C sterile water to evaluate the semen quality.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Post-thawing (at 37 °C or 39 °C) of live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage (P<0.05). Thawing at 37 °C resulted in no significant difference in live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane between the control group and the treatment group (P>0.05). The live sperm, progressive motility, and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage, and post-thawed at 39 C were higher compared to those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, DNA fragmentation, and catalase concentration of thawing at 37 °C compared to those of 39 °C in the same group. The MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). However, the catalase concentration in thawing at 37 °C and 39 °C of the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group (P>0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1 μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39 °C.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"317 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/apjr.apjr_133_23
M. N. Mahanem, Subramaniam Puvaratnesh, AbuBakar Umarqayum, Shamsusah A Nadia
To explore the impact of Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract on fertility parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another diabetic rat group received treatment with 400 mg/kg of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract. Rats in the treatment group were administered Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract daily through force-feeding via oral gavage for a 21-day period. Assessments included the sperm quality (count, motility and morphology), histology of the testes, serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. The FBG level of the Ficus carica-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). Sperm quality analysis also indicated that the aqueous Ficus carica extract had significant positive effects on sperm count and motility (P<0.05). The histology of the testes in Ficus carica- treated rats revealed an improved cell arrangement in the germinal cell layer. Furthermore, serum testosterone level showed an increment in the Ficus carica treatment group in comparison to the negative control group. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the pro-fertility and anti-hyperglycemic properties of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract in diabetic-induced male rats.
{"title":"Pro-fertility effect of Ficus carica fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced male rats","authors":"M. N. Mahanem, Subramaniam Puvaratnesh, AbuBakar Umarqayum, Shamsusah A Nadia","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_133_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_133_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To explore the impact of Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract on fertility parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male rats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another diabetic rat group received treatment with 400 mg/kg of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract. Rats in the treatment group were administered Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract daily through force-feeding via oral gavage for a 21-day period. Assessments included the sperm quality (count, motility and morphology), histology of the testes, serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The FBG level of the Ficus carica-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). Sperm quality analysis also indicated that the aqueous Ficus carica extract had significant positive effects on sperm count and motility (P<0.05). The histology of the testes in Ficus carica- treated rats revealed an improved cell arrangement in the germinal cell layer. Furthermore, serum testosterone level showed an increment in the Ficus carica treatment group in comparison to the negative control group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our findings provide compelling evidence for the pro-fertility and anti-hyperglycemic properties of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract in diabetic-induced male rats.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/apjr.apjr_117_23
Mawiya Sana
{"title":"Promotion of sexual and reproductive health in Pakistan-The role of technology and online awareness","authors":"Mawiya Sana","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_117_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zhylkybekova, G. Koshmaganbetova, Myltykbay Rysmakhanov, N. Abenova, Nadiar M. Mussin, A. A. Kaliyev, Mahdi Mahdipour, A. Tamadon
This review explores tissue engineering as a potential solution for reproductive health issues in women caused by genetic or acquired diseases, such as premature ovarian failure or oophorectomy. The loss of ovarian function can lead to infertility, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment, but it has limitations and risks. The review focuses on two main approaches in tissue engineering: scaffold-based (3D printing, electrospinning, decellularization) and scaffold-free (stem cell transplantation, organoid cultivation). Both approaches show promise in preclinical studies for creating functional ovarian tissue. Challenges include vascularization, innervation, long-term function, and safety. Despite these challenges, tissue engineering offers a potential avenue for restoring fertility and hormone balance in women with ovarian dysfunction.
{"title":"Engineering of ovarian tissue for ovarian dysfunctions: A review","authors":"A. Zhylkybekova, G. Koshmaganbetova, Myltykbay Rysmakhanov, N. Abenova, Nadiar M. Mussin, A. A. Kaliyev, Mahdi Mahdipour, A. Tamadon","doi":"10.4103/apjr.apjr_81_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjr.apjr_81_23","url":null,"abstract":"This review explores tissue engineering as a potential solution for reproductive health issues in women caused by genetic or acquired diseases, such as premature ovarian failure or oophorectomy. The loss of ovarian function can lead to infertility, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment, but it has limitations and risks. The review focuses on two main approaches in tissue engineering: scaffold-based (3D printing, electrospinning, decellularization) and scaffold-free (stem cell transplantation, organoid cultivation). Both approaches show promise in preclinical studies for creating functional ovarian tissue. Challenges include vascularization, innervation, long-term function, and safety. Despite these challenges, tissue engineering offers a potential avenue for restoring fertility and hormone balance in women with ovarian dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":505237,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"106 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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