Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1397
Zahri S, Khaldi M, El Jaouhari Z, Zeroual MA, Bouziane M, Haboub M, Arous S, Bennouna G, Drighil A, Azzouzi L, Habbal R.
Introduction: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a rare and life-threatening condition associated with high mortality rates in the absence of prompt intervention. This article provides an in-depth examination of the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of Stanford type A AD in a 62-year-old hypertensive female patient with atypical symptoms. Case Report: The patient presented with retrosternal chest pain and rapidly worsening dyspnea, demonstrating a 3/6 diastolic murmur over the aortic area. Diagnostic findings included negative T-waves on ECG, significant mediastinal widening on chest X-ray, and transthoracic echocardiography revealing an intimal flap, ascending aorta dilation, and acute aortic insufficiency. Computed tomography confirmed a Stanford type A aortic dissection. Discussion: Acute AD poses a diagnostic challenge, as atypical presentations can lead to misdiagnoses. The case emphasizes the importance of considering AD in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and conducting thorough investigations, especially when faced with unusual symptoms. Management strategies, encompassing both pharmacological and surgical interventions, are crucial for addressing AD promptly. Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of recognizing both typical and atypical presentations of AD to ensure timely intervention and avoid potentially catastrophic outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of diagnostic approaches and management protocols is essential in the emergency setting. Overall, this article contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding acute aortic dissection and emphasizes the critical need for awareness and rapid intervention in clinical practice.
简介：急性主动脉夹层（AD）是一种罕见的危及生命的疾病，如不及时干预，死亡率很高。本文对一名 62 岁的高血压女性患者斯坦福 A 型主动脉夹层的临床表现、诊断方法和处理进行了深入探讨，该患者症状不典型。病例报告：患者出现胸骨后胸痛和急剧恶化的呼吸困难，主动脉区域出现 3/6 舒张期杂音。诊断结果包括心电图 T 波阴性，胸部 X 光片显示纵隔明显增宽，经胸超声心动图显示内膜瓣、升主动脉扩张和急性主动脉瓣关闭不全。计算机断层扫描证实为斯坦福 A 型主动脉夹层。讨论：急性主动脉瓣狭窄是一项诊断挑战，因为不典型的表现可能导致误诊。该病例强调了在胸痛的鉴别诊断中考虑 AD 和进行彻底检查的重要性，尤其是在出现异常症状时。包括药物和手术干预在内的管理策略对于及时处理 AD 至关重要。结论：本病例强调了识别 AD 典型和非典型表现的重要性，以确保及时干预并避免潜在的灾难性后果。在急诊环境中，全面了解诊断方法和管理方案至关重要。总之，这篇文章有助于加深人们对急性主动脉夹层的了解，并强调了在临床实践中提高认识和快速干预的关键需求。
{"title":"Type A Aortic Dissection: A Call for Vigilance in Chest Pain Diagnosis","authors":"Zahri S, Khaldi M, El Jaouhari Z, Zeroual MA, Bouziane M, Haboub M, Arous S, Bennouna G, Drighil A, Azzouzi L, Habbal R.","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1397","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a rare and life-threatening condition associated with high mortality rates in the absence of prompt intervention. This article provides an in-depth examination of the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of Stanford type A AD in a 62-year-old hypertensive female patient with atypical symptoms. \u0000Case Report: The patient presented with retrosternal chest pain and rapidly worsening dyspnea, demonstrating a 3/6 diastolic murmur over the aortic area. Diagnostic findings included negative T-waves on ECG, significant mediastinal widening on chest X-ray, and transthoracic echocardiography revealing an intimal flap, ascending aorta dilation, and acute aortic insufficiency. Computed tomography confirmed a Stanford type A aortic dissection. \u0000Discussion: Acute AD poses a diagnostic challenge, as atypical presentations can lead to misdiagnoses. The case emphasizes the importance of considering AD in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and conducting thorough investigations, especially when faced with unusual symptoms. Management strategies, encompassing both pharmacological and surgical interventions, are crucial for addressing AD promptly. \u0000Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of recognizing both typical and atypical presentations of AD to ensure timely intervention and avoid potentially catastrophic outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of diagnostic approaches and management protocols is essential in the emergency setting. Overall, this article contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding acute aortic dissection and emphasizes the critical need for awareness and rapid intervention in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396
Ujunwa FA, Ohuche Ijeoma, Eke Cb, Chikani U, Chinawa Jm
Introduction: Children with thyrotoxicosis may present rarely with valvulopathies. This disease is a syndrome complex of hyperdynamic status due to systemic manifestation of elevated circulating thyroid hormone levels. Case Reports: O.C, a 7-year-old female child presented with abdominal pain that started seven days ago, passage of loose stool that started five days ago and weight loss that started five days ago. Salient findings at presentation were tachycardia, anterior neck swelling that moves with swallowing with a grade 3/6 pan-systolic murmur maximal at the apex. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism at risk of thyrotoxicosis was made based on supported laboratory evidence. Echocardiography done showed severe mitral regurgitation. She is on Tabs Carbimazole and Propranolol. She has improved remarkably and has been on follow up. Conclusion: Hyperthyoidism affects multiple organ systems in the body and the heart is not spared. Most of the cardiac manifestations are functional and occur as a result of the hyperfunctioning gland. A high index of suspicion is required, as many of the patients present with only the consequences of hyperthyroidism.
{"title":"Thyrotoxic Valvulopathy in a 7-year-Old Child: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Ujunwa FA, Ohuche Ijeoma, Eke Cb, Chikani U, Chinawa Jm","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with thyrotoxicosis may present rarely with valvulopathies. This disease is a syndrome complex of hyperdynamic status due to systemic manifestation of elevated circulating thyroid hormone levels. \u0000Case Reports: O.C, a 7-year-old female child presented with abdominal pain that started seven days ago, passage of loose stool that started five days ago and weight loss that started five days ago. Salient findings at presentation were tachycardia, anterior neck swelling that moves with swallowing with a grade 3/6 pan-systolic murmur maximal at the apex. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism at risk of thyrotoxicosis was made based on supported laboratory evidence. Echocardiography done showed severe mitral regurgitation. She is on Tabs Carbimazole and Propranolol. She has improved remarkably and has been on follow up. \u0000Conclusion: Hyperthyoidism affects multiple organ systems in the body and the heart is not spared. Most of the cardiac manifestations are functional and occur as a result of the hyperfunctioning gland. A high index of suspicion is required, as many of the patients present with only the consequences of hyperthyroidism.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"378 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396
Ujunwa FA, Ohuche Ijeoma, Eke Cb, Chikani U, Chinawa Jm
Introduction: Children with thyrotoxicosis may present rarely with valvulopathies. This disease is a syndrome complex of hyperdynamic status due to systemic manifestation of elevated circulating thyroid hormone levels. Case Reports: O.C, a 7-year-old female child presented with abdominal pain that started seven days ago, passage of loose stool that started five days ago and weight loss that started five days ago. Salient findings at presentation were tachycardia, anterior neck swelling that moves with swallowing with a grade 3/6 pan-systolic murmur maximal at the apex. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism at risk of thyrotoxicosis was made based on supported laboratory evidence. Echocardiography done showed severe mitral regurgitation. She is on Tabs Carbimazole and Propranolol. She has improved remarkably and has been on follow up. Conclusion: Hyperthyoidism affects multiple organ systems in the body and the heart is not spared. Most of the cardiac manifestations are functional and occur as a result of the hyperfunctioning gland. A high index of suspicion is required, as many of the patients present with only the consequences of hyperthyroidism.
{"title":"Thyrotoxic Valvulopathy in a 7-year-Old Child: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Ujunwa FA, Ohuche Ijeoma, Eke Cb, Chikani U, Chinawa Jm","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1396","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with thyrotoxicosis may present rarely with valvulopathies. This disease is a syndrome complex of hyperdynamic status due to systemic manifestation of elevated circulating thyroid hormone levels. \u0000Case Reports: O.C, a 7-year-old female child presented with abdominal pain that started seven days ago, passage of loose stool that started five days ago and weight loss that started five days ago. Salient findings at presentation were tachycardia, anterior neck swelling that moves with swallowing with a grade 3/6 pan-systolic murmur maximal at the apex. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism at risk of thyrotoxicosis was made based on supported laboratory evidence. Echocardiography done showed severe mitral regurgitation. She is on Tabs Carbimazole and Propranolol. She has improved remarkably and has been on follow up. \u0000Conclusion: Hyperthyoidism affects multiple organ systems in the body and the heart is not spared. Most of the cardiac manifestations are functional and occur as a result of the hyperfunctioning gland. A high index of suspicion is required, as many of the patients present with only the consequences of hyperthyroidism.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395
V. Sireesha, Faiqua Fatima, Shafeen Sultana, Mutta Shiva Sai Kumar, Y. Pravarsha, Rama Rao Tatikonda
Biomarkers are essential to clinical practice. Understanding the organized definition, types, and roles of biomarkers in various clinical phases and diseases is crucial for understanding the significance of biomarkers in healthcare and medical research. This data highlights the significance of biomarkers in prognosis prediction, therapeutic decision guidance, and the advancement of personalized medicine, in addition to their role in illness diagnosis. The division of biomarkers into molecular, cellular, and imaging types offers a thorough summary of the various modalities that are employed in biomarker research. In addition, the segmentation according to clinical phases, which differentiates between prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic biomarkers, deepens the conversation by emphasizing the diverse functions that biomarkers fulfill in patient treatment. In the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases, biomarkers are a component of a relatively new and perfect clinical instrument. Using biomarkers to research different aspects of diseases, develop new drugs, and track possible therapeutic intervention results has many advantages. They contribute to drug development, personalized medicine, and therapeutic interventions. The aim is to develop biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity to enhance decision-making and simplify the drug development process, add depth to the discussion, emphasizing the varied roles of biomarkers in patient care.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Biomarker and Its Role in Diseases","authors":"V. Sireesha, Faiqua Fatima, Shafeen Sultana, Mutta Shiva Sai Kumar, Y. Pravarsha, Rama Rao Tatikonda","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarkers are essential to clinical practice. Understanding the organized definition, types, and roles of biomarkers in various clinical phases and diseases is crucial for understanding the significance of biomarkers in healthcare and medical research. This data highlights the significance of biomarkers in prognosis prediction, therapeutic decision guidance, and the advancement of personalized medicine, in addition to their role in illness diagnosis. \u0000The division of biomarkers into molecular, cellular, and imaging types offers a thorough summary of the various modalities that are employed in biomarker research. In addition, the segmentation according to clinical phases, which differentiates between prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic biomarkers, deepens the conversation by emphasizing the diverse functions that biomarkers fulfill in patient treatment. \u0000In the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases, biomarkers are a component of a relatively new and perfect clinical instrument. Using biomarkers to research different aspects of diseases, develop new drugs, and track possible therapeutic intervention results has many advantages. They contribute to drug development, personalized medicine, and therapeutic interventions. The aim is to develop biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity to enhance decision-making and simplify the drug development process, add depth to the discussion, emphasizing the varied roles of biomarkers in patient care.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395
V. Sireesha, Faiqua Fatima, Shafeen Sultana, Mutta Shiva Sai Kumar, Y. Pravarsha, Rama Rao Tatikonda
Biomarkers are essential to clinical practice. Understanding the organized definition, types, and roles of biomarkers in various clinical phases and diseases is crucial for understanding the significance of biomarkers in healthcare and medical research. This data highlights the significance of biomarkers in prognosis prediction, therapeutic decision guidance, and the advancement of personalized medicine, in addition to their role in illness diagnosis. The division of biomarkers into molecular, cellular, and imaging types offers a thorough summary of the various modalities that are employed in biomarker research. In addition, the segmentation according to clinical phases, which differentiates between prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic biomarkers, deepens the conversation by emphasizing the diverse functions that biomarkers fulfill in patient treatment. In the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases, biomarkers are a component of a relatively new and perfect clinical instrument. Using biomarkers to research different aspects of diseases, develop new drugs, and track possible therapeutic intervention results has many advantages. They contribute to drug development, personalized medicine, and therapeutic interventions. The aim is to develop biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity to enhance decision-making and simplify the drug development process, add depth to the discussion, emphasizing the varied roles of biomarkers in patient care.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Biomarker and Its Role in Diseases","authors":"V. Sireesha, Faiqua Fatima, Shafeen Sultana, Mutta Shiva Sai Kumar, Y. Pravarsha, Rama Rao Tatikonda","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1395","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarkers are essential to clinical practice. Understanding the organized definition, types, and roles of biomarkers in various clinical phases and diseases is crucial for understanding the significance of biomarkers in healthcare and medical research. This data highlights the significance of biomarkers in prognosis prediction, therapeutic decision guidance, and the advancement of personalized medicine, in addition to their role in illness diagnosis. \u0000The division of biomarkers into molecular, cellular, and imaging types offers a thorough summary of the various modalities that are employed in biomarker research. In addition, the segmentation according to clinical phases, which differentiates between prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic biomarkers, deepens the conversation by emphasizing the diverse functions that biomarkers fulfill in patient treatment. \u0000In the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases, biomarkers are a component of a relatively new and perfect clinical instrument. Using biomarkers to research different aspects of diseases, develop new drugs, and track possible therapeutic intervention results has many advantages. They contribute to drug development, personalized medicine, and therapeutic interventions. The aim is to develop biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity to enhance decision-making and simplify the drug development process, add depth to the discussion, emphasizing the varied roles of biomarkers in patient care.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139792463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394
Mina Boutgourine, Hafssa Rouam, M. E. Jamili, M. Hattaoui
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common genetic disorders, present from birth. The transmission is mainly autosomal dominant. It is characterized by a exclusive increase in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is associated with a high risk of premature cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of FH is generally based on the clinical presentation or genetic tests. The commonly used criteria are those of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. FH is a hereditary condition still largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The prognosis of the disease is related to atheromatous cardiovascular complications, which, in the absence of treatment, lead to the patient's death in the first three decades, often due to myocardial infarction or sudden death. The management of familial hypercholesterolemia systematically involves two categories of measures: so-called hygienic-dietary measures associated with the treatment of other risk factors when they exist, and drug treatments. Familial hypercholesterolemia is still poorly detected. It is necessary to develop systematic approaches to identify patients with FH, conduct cascade screening of their relatives, and increase awareness and control of FH.
{"title":"Hypercholesterolemia Familial: Early Cardiovascular Complications, Treatment Challenges, and the Fatal Consequences of Delayed Diagnosis: an in-Depth Case Study","authors":"Mina Boutgourine, Hafssa Rouam, M. E. Jamili, M. Hattaoui","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394","url":null,"abstract":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common genetic disorders, present from birth. The transmission is mainly autosomal dominant. It is characterized by a exclusive increase in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is associated with a high risk of premature cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of FH is generally based on the clinical presentation or genetic tests. The commonly used criteria are those of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. FH is a hereditary condition still largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The prognosis of the disease is related to atheromatous cardiovascular complications, which, in the absence of treatment, lead to the patient's death in the first three decades, often due to myocardial infarction or sudden death. The management of familial hypercholesterolemia systematically involves two categories of measures: so-called hygienic-dietary measures associated with the treatment of other risk factors when they exist, and drug treatments. Familial hypercholesterolemia is still poorly detected. It is necessary to develop systematic approaches to identify patients with FH, conduct cascade screening of their relatives, and increase awareness and control of FH.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"431 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394
Mina Boutgourine, Hafssa Rouam, M. E. Jamili, M. Hattaoui
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common genetic disorders, present from birth. The transmission is mainly autosomal dominant. It is characterized by a exclusive increase in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is associated with a high risk of premature cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of FH is generally based on the clinical presentation or genetic tests. The commonly used criteria are those of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. FH is a hereditary condition still largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The prognosis of the disease is related to atheromatous cardiovascular complications, which, in the absence of treatment, lead to the patient's death in the first three decades, often due to myocardial infarction or sudden death. The management of familial hypercholesterolemia systematically involves two categories of measures: so-called hygienic-dietary measures associated with the treatment of other risk factors when they exist, and drug treatments. Familial hypercholesterolemia is still poorly detected. It is necessary to develop systematic approaches to identify patients with FH, conduct cascade screening of their relatives, and increase awareness and control of FH.
{"title":"Hypercholesterolemia Familial: Early Cardiovascular Complications, Treatment Challenges, and the Fatal Consequences of Delayed Diagnosis: an in-Depth Case Study","authors":"Mina Boutgourine, Hafssa Rouam, M. E. Jamili, M. Hattaoui","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i1394","url":null,"abstract":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common genetic disorders, present from birth. The transmission is mainly autosomal dominant. It is characterized by a exclusive increase in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). It is associated with a high risk of premature cardiovascular complications. The diagnosis of FH is generally based on the clinical presentation or genetic tests. The commonly used criteria are those of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network. FH is a hereditary condition still largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. The prognosis of the disease is related to atheromatous cardiovascular complications, which, in the absence of treatment, lead to the patient's death in the first three decades, often due to myocardial infarction or sudden death. The management of familial hypercholesterolemia systematically involves two categories of measures: so-called hygienic-dietary measures associated with the treatment of other risk factors when they exist, and drug treatments. Familial hypercholesterolemia is still poorly detected. It is necessary to develop systematic approaches to identify patients with FH, conduct cascade screening of their relatives, and increase awareness and control of FH.","PeriodicalId":505403,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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