Halim Akbulut, Ahmet Öztel, Yaşar Öz, İsmail Fatih Ceyhan, Ahmet Zelka
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the Turkish economy and the global economy. Turkey’s economy contracted by 10.2% in 2020, recording the most significant decline since the 1950s. The effects of the epidemic could also be observed on companies which had to close or lay off staff. This study aims to examine the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the forest industry by revealing the financial performance of publicly traded forest industry companies in Turkey before and after COVID-19. For this purpose, the financial performances of 11 companies operating in the forest products industry in Turkey and registered in the BIST XKGT index in the 2017-2022 period were examined. In this context, we used the integrated Entropy-CP method. In the initial phase of analysis, criteria weights were determined using the entropy method to assess the significance levels of the financial ratios. Subsequently, financial success rankings were generated by employing the CP method. In general, it was observed that the weight values of the criteria were close to each other. As a result, it was determined that the companies showed the best average financial success in 2022 and the lowest average financial performance in 2017. Following the pandemic’s occurrence, some companies’ performance improved, while others experienced a partial decline. Therefore, no general improvement or worsening trend could be detected during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of this study, it was concluded that the pandemic did not affect the financial performance of companies operating in the forest products sector.
{"title":"The Effect of Covid-19 on Business Financial Performance","authors":"Halim Akbulut, Ahmet Öztel, Yaşar Öz, İsmail Fatih Ceyhan, Ahmet Zelka","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-10","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the Turkish economy and the global economy. Turkey’s economy contracted by 10.2% in 2020, recording the most significant decline since the 1950s. The effects of the epidemic could also be observed on companies which had to close or lay off staff. This study aims to examine the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the forest industry by revealing the financial performance of publicly traded forest industry companies in Turkey before and after COVID-19. For this purpose, the financial performances of 11 companies operating in the forest products industry in Turkey and registered in the BIST XKGT index in the 2017-2022 period were examined. In this context, we used the integrated Entropy-CP method. In the initial phase of analysis, criteria weights were determined using the entropy method to assess the significance levels of the financial ratios. Subsequently, financial success rankings were generated by employing the CP method. In general, it was observed that the weight values of the criteria were close to each other. As a result, it was determined that the companies showed the best average financial success in 2022 and the lowest average financial performance in 2017. Following the pandemic’s occurrence, some companies’ performance improved, while others experienced a partial decline. Therefore, no general improvement or worsening trend could be detected during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of this study, it was concluded that the pandemic did not affect the financial performance of companies operating in the forest products sector.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Marčeta, Senaid Handžić, Mladen Đukić, V. Petković
The extraction of wood from forests is a difficult, risky, expensive, and time-consuming operation, especially in mountainous areas and selective forests. In the forestry of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), winching and skidding of wood assortments is most often done with cable skidders. They are the most applicable because they can handle hilly, mountainous and inaccessible terrain in the compartments that are most common in local forestry. In addition, selective and group-selective forest management systems are dominant, where the manoeuvring of any type of machinery is strictly limited to the skid trails and skid roads. It is a matter of legal and sub-legal regulations and environmental standards. Striving for higher productivity and economy of skidding is ultimately one of the objectives of forest management. Different Timberjack and LKT models of skidders are widely used in BIH. The study was conducted in the area of two public forest enterprises, in compartments 32 (Forest management unit "Vrbanja") and 99 (Forest management unit ““Lješljanica-Maglajska”) with similar stand and relief conditions. The research objects were two skidders, which are used very often in the forestry of BIH, LKT 81T and Timberjack 240A. Skidder LKT 81T was used in compartment 32, where 29 cycles were recorded, during which 212 logs were skidded. Total volume of skidded wood was 159.98 m3 with average volume of 5.52 m3·load-1. Timberjack 240A was used in compartment 99, where 84 cycles were recorded, with 398 logs. Total skidded wood with Timberjack 240A was 657.34 m3, with average volume of 7.83 m3·load-1. Relative share of work operations showed that loaded and unloaded drive had the largest share, onsie In case of LKT 81T loaded drive was 31% and unloaded drive 25%, while for Timberjack 240A skidder loaded drive accounted for 44% and unloaded drive for 37% of productive work time. Average skidding distance for loaded drive was 1080.34 m for LKT 81T and 727.98 for Timberjack 240A. Unloaded drive, manoeuvring drive and loaded drive showed dependence on corresponding distances. With the increase of the distance and volume of the load, the time required for skidding per unit of product increases. In comparable range (up to 900 m), for the same load size, Timberjack 240A achieved lower standard time, i.e., higher productivity than LKT 81T. Using a skidder at longer distances significantly reduces productivity and increases costs. However, planners often decide in such cases to use a cable skidder for wood skidding, knowing that the costs will be higher, which is again a better option than not harvesting parts of the compartment.
{"title":"Productivity of TIMBERJACK 240A and LKT 81T Skidders at Selective Cutting and Longer Distances","authors":"D. Marčeta, Senaid Handžić, Mladen Đukić, V. Petković","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-08","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of wood from forests is a difficult, risky, expensive, and time-consuming operation, especially in mountainous areas and selective forests. In the forestry of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), winching and skidding of wood assortments is most often done with cable skidders. They are the most applicable because they can handle hilly, mountainous and inaccessible terrain in the compartments that are most common in local forestry. In addition, selective and group-selective forest management systems are dominant, where the manoeuvring of any type of machinery is strictly limited to the skid trails and skid roads. It is a matter of legal and sub-legal regulations and environmental standards. Striving for higher productivity and economy of skidding is ultimately one of the objectives of forest management. Different Timberjack and LKT models of skidders are widely used in BIH. The study was conducted in the area of two public forest enterprises, in compartments 32 (Forest management unit \"Vrbanja\") and 99 (Forest management unit ““Lješljanica-Maglajska”) with similar stand and relief conditions. The research objects were two skidders, which are used very often in the forestry of BIH, LKT 81T and Timberjack 240A. Skidder LKT 81T was used in compartment 32, where 29 cycles were recorded, during which 212 logs were skidded. Total volume of skidded wood was 159.98 m3 with average volume of 5.52 m3·load-1. Timberjack 240A was used in compartment 99, where 84 cycles were recorded, with 398 logs. Total skidded wood with Timberjack 240A was 657.34 m3, with average volume of 7.83 m3·load-1. Relative share of work operations showed that loaded and unloaded drive had the largest share, onsie In case of LKT 81T loaded drive was 31% and unloaded drive 25%, while for Timberjack 240A skidder loaded drive accounted for 44% and unloaded drive for 37% of productive work time. Average skidding distance for loaded drive was 1080.34 m for LKT 81T and 727.98 for Timberjack 240A. Unloaded drive, manoeuvring drive and loaded drive showed dependence on corresponding distances. With the increase of the distance and volume of the load, the time required for skidding per unit of product increases. In comparable range (up to 900 m), for the same load size, Timberjack 240A achieved lower standard time, i.e., higher productivity than LKT 81T. Using a skidder at longer distances significantly reduces productivity and increases costs. However, planners often decide in such cases to use a cable skidder for wood skidding, knowing that the costs will be higher, which is again a better option than not harvesting parts of the compartment.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":" 887","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filip Vasić, S. Belanović Simić, Dragana Čavlović, P. Miljković, Milica Caković, Nikola Jovanović, Aleksandar Marković, Tara Grujić, S. Lukić
Phytoremediation stands as a crucial tool for addressing pollution, yet its application in Europe remains inadequately explored. Taking Serbia as a test case, this literature review delves into the state of knowledge regarding phytoremediation, exploring the regional distribution of contaminated sites, the prevalence of analysed contaminants, and the diversity of plant species employed for phytoremediation. Analysis revealed 24 distinct locations, 11 sampling parts, scrutiny of 24 potential toxic elements (PTEs) and nutrients, and the involvement of 65 plant species. Predominantly, research sites were associated with industrial areas, particularly mining sites. The efficacy of various plants varied across multiple factors, with soil, roots, and leaves emerging as the most frequently sampled components in reviewed manuscripts. Notably, the scientific literature emphasized Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb as the most frequently studied PTEs in the context of phytoremediation. This review underscores the need for increased attention to phytoremediation research in Serbia, advocating a more widespread and intensive exploration, both geographically and in research efforts. The compilation of plant species employed for phytoremediation offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of particular species in distinct phytoremediation practices.
{"title":"Practices for Phytoremediation of Soil in Serbia","authors":"Filip Vasić, S. Belanović Simić, Dragana Čavlović, P. Miljković, Milica Caković, Nikola Jovanović, Aleksandar Marković, Tara Grujić, S. Lukić","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-09","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation stands as a crucial tool for addressing pollution, yet its application in Europe remains inadequately explored. Taking Serbia as a test case, this literature review delves into the state of knowledge regarding phytoremediation, exploring the regional distribution of contaminated sites, the prevalence of analysed contaminants, and the diversity of plant species employed for phytoremediation. Analysis revealed 24 distinct locations, 11 sampling parts, scrutiny of 24 potential toxic elements (PTEs) and nutrients, and the involvement of 65 plant species. Predominantly, research sites were associated with industrial areas, particularly mining sites. The efficacy of various plants varied across multiple factors, with soil, roots, and leaves emerging as the most frequently sampled components in reviewed manuscripts. Notably, the scientific literature emphasized Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb as the most frequently studied PTEs in the context of phytoremediation. This review underscores the need for increased attention to phytoremediation research in Serbia, advocating a more widespread and intensive exploration, both geographically and in research efforts. The compilation of plant species employed for phytoremediation offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of particular species in distinct phytoremediation practices.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Eremija, Filip A. Jovanović, S. Stajić, S. Braunović, Ilija Čigoja, Tatjana Ćirković Mitrović, Goran Češljar
The results of phytocoenological research in the community of beech and Bosnian maple (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fab., Fuk. & Stef. 1963) on the territory of Manjača Mountain in the southwestern part of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are presented in this paper. The spectrum of range of distribution types, and the spectrum of life forms and ecological conditions were determined for the community. Regarding the spectrum of floral elements, this community has Central European-Pontic-Central Asian-Sub-Mediterranean character, meaning that thermoxerophilic plant species participate in its composition, in addition to mesophilic species. In terms of the spectrum of life forms, the community has phanerophytic-hemicryptophytic character. According to the quantity of nitrogen in the soil, the community is predominantly mesotrophic, in terms of light it is semi-sciophilous, in terms of temperature it is mesothermal, in terms of soil reaction it is neutrophilic, and regarding soil moisture it has xeromesophilic character.
{"title":"Floristic Composition and Ecological Analysis of Beech and Bosnian Maple Forest (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fab., Fuk. & Stef. 1963) on Manjača Mountain (Bosnia and Herzegovina)","authors":"S. Eremija, Filip A. Jovanović, S. Stajić, S. Braunović, Ilija Čigoja, Tatjana Ćirković Mitrović, Goran Češljar","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-07","url":null,"abstract":"The results of phytocoenological research in the community of beech and Bosnian maple (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fab., Fuk. & Stef. 1963) on the territory of Manjača Mountain in the southwestern part of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are presented in this paper. The spectrum of range of distribution types, and the spectrum of life forms and ecological conditions were determined for the community. Regarding the spectrum of floral elements, this community has Central European-Pontic-Central Asian-Sub-Mediterranean character, meaning that thermoxerophilic plant species participate in its composition, in addition to mesophilic species. In terms of the spectrum of life forms, the community has phanerophytic-hemicryptophytic character. According to the quantity of nitrogen in the soil, the community is predominantly mesotrophic, in terms of light it is semi-sciophilous, in terms of temperature it is mesothermal, in terms of soil reaction it is neutrophilic, and regarding soil moisture it has xeromesophilic character.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"25 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alper Ahmet Özbey, Mehmet Çalikoğlu, Rumi Sabuncu, Zeynep Gülçin Altun
In this study, the genetic and phenotypic relations among tree height, diameter at breast height and survival at 18 years of age were investigated in Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gordon) provenance-progeny trials established in two locations in southern Türkiye. It was found that the variation among families within one provenance was higher than among different provenances. At the joint analysis, the narrow-sense heritability (hi2) was 0.36 for height, and 0.24 for diameter. Family mean heritability (hf2) was 0.78 for height, while it was 0.53 for diameter. Diameter showed higher (13.98%) genetic diversity than height (12.71%). Genetic correlation between traits was high (0.84). According to the breeding values of the families estimated by the BLUP method, when the best 50 families by two traits are selected separately, 12.5% genetic gain in terms of height and 13.2% in terms of diameter can be achieved. In the selection of the best 30 families, the estimated genetic gain calculated was 15.2% for height and 16.3% for diameter.
{"title":"Genetic Variation in Provenance-Progeny Trials of Cupre-ssus sempervirens in Türkiye","authors":"Alper Ahmet Özbey, Mehmet Çalikoğlu, Rumi Sabuncu, Zeynep Gülçin Altun","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-06","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the genetic and phenotypic relations among tree height, diameter at breast height and survival at 18 years of age were investigated in Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gordon) provenance-progeny trials established in two locations in southern Türkiye. It was found that the variation among families within one provenance was higher than among different provenances. At the joint analysis, the narrow-sense heritability (hi2) was 0.36 for height, and 0.24 for diameter. Family mean heritability (hf2) was 0.78 for height, while it was 0.53 for diameter. Diameter showed higher (13.98%) genetic diversity than height (12.71%). Genetic correlation between traits was high (0.84). According to the breeding values of the families estimated by the BLUP method, when the best 50 families by two traits are selected separately, 12.5% genetic gain in terms of height and 13.2% in terms of diameter can be achieved. In the selection of the best 30 families, the estimated genetic gain calculated was 15.2% for height and 16.3% for diameter.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"251 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Lozjanin, Dušan Jokanović, Vesna Nikolić Jokanović, Kristina Živanović, Ivan Desimirović, Marko Marinković
From productive and ecological point of view, Quercus robur L. is an extremely important species and the investigation of its anatomical properties is very significant in terms of its technical and technological utilization. The paper deals with the analysis of the wood fiber characteristics (fiber length, fiber lumen width, double-cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio) of mature pedunculate oak trees in the non-flooded (Management Unit "Vinična-Žeravinac-Puk") and flooded area (Management Unit "GVO 83 b"). One of the aims of the study is to determine the wood fiber quality and the possibility of use in paper and pulp production. When the mean values of the analysed anatomical characteristics are compared, the results show slightly higher values in the non-flooded area, except for the Runkel ratio. The radial pattern of the investigated characteristics depending on the age shows growth in the non-flooded area, while the same tendency in the flooded area was found for the fiber length only. It was recorded that fiber lumen width, double-cell wall thickness and Runkel ratio decreased in the final annual rings. The wood fiber quality for use in pulp and paper production is the greatest in the juvenile zone, unlike sapwood zone, regardless of the site conditions.
{"title":"Anatomical Characteristics and Assessment of Wood Fiber Quality of Mature Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Trees Grown in Different Environmental Conditions","authors":"R. Lozjanin, Dušan Jokanović, Vesna Nikolić Jokanović, Kristina Živanović, Ivan Desimirović, Marko Marinković","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-05","url":null,"abstract":"From productive and ecological point of view, Quercus robur L. is an extremely important species and the investigation of its anatomical properties is very significant in terms of its technical and technological utilization. The paper deals with the analysis of the wood fiber characteristics (fiber length, fiber lumen width, double-cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio) of mature pedunculate oak trees in the non-flooded (Management Unit \"Vinična-Žeravinac-Puk\") and flooded area (Management Unit \"GVO 83 b\"). One of the aims of the study is to determine the wood fiber quality and the possibility of use in paper and pulp production. When the mean values of the analysed anatomical characteristics are compared, the results show slightly higher values in the non-flooded area, except for the Runkel ratio. The radial pattern of the investigated characteristics depending on the age shows growth in the non-flooded area, while the same tendency in the flooded area was found for the fiber length only. It was recorded that fiber lumen width, double-cell wall thickness and Runkel ratio decreased in the final annual rings. The wood fiber quality for use in pulp and paper production is the greatest in the juvenile zone, unlike sapwood zone, regardless of the site conditions.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"181 S470","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anđelina Gavranović Markić, Zvonimir Vujnović, Martina Kičić, Mladen Ivanković
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is characterized by inter-annual cycles of seed production (masting), with synchronized high seed production between sites in some years. The importance of both seed quantity and quality monitoring stems from its role in sustaining the ecological balance, promoting biodiversity, and ensuring the long-term viability of forest ecosystems. This study aimed to (1) describe seed production from 2015 to 2022, (2) identify the potential factors that could affect the yield appearance and seed quantity, and (3) compare the quality of beechnuts from different crop years in Croatia. At each of the six forest seed objects located in the area of forest administrations Bjelovar, Karlovac, Ogulin, Požega, and Delnice, we selected 5 trees for seed collection. Seeds were collected with large PVC nets covering total projection area of the tree crowns. Seed quality testing was performed according to the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA Rules). Our results indicate a consistent biennial beechnut cycle. The crop was completely absent in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020, while 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022 were fruitful years. Weather plays a key role in triggering masting. We found that beechnut production is influenced by summer weather conditions (from June to August) in the previous two years. Abundance of beechnut production varies on an annual level, population level and on individual trees. Factors that partially explain the variability in yield are tree height and crown size. No significant differences in viability were found across different years and sites, though the results should be approached with caution due to limited sample representation. The study identified a positive correlation between seed weight and viability, as well as the impact of precipitation on moisture content. The results emphasize the need for continued monitoring and further research to understand the factors influencing beechnut production and quality, crucial for sustainable forest management in the face of climate change.
{"title":"Seed Quantity and Quality Variation in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)","authors":"Anđelina Gavranović Markić, Zvonimir Vujnović, Martina Kičić, Mladen Ivanković","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-03","url":null,"abstract":"European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is characterized by inter-annual cycles of seed production (masting), with synchronized high seed production between sites in some years. The importance of both seed quantity and quality monitoring stems from its role in sustaining the ecological balance, promoting biodiversity, and ensuring the long-term viability of forest ecosystems. This study aimed to (1) describe seed production from 2015 to 2022, (2) identify the potential factors that could affect the yield appearance and seed quantity, and (3) compare the quality of beechnuts from different crop years in Croatia. At each of the six forest seed objects located in the area of forest administrations Bjelovar, Karlovac, Ogulin, Požega, and Delnice, we selected 5 trees for seed collection. Seeds were collected with large PVC nets covering total projection area of the tree crowns. Seed quality testing was performed according to the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA Rules). Our results indicate a consistent biennial beechnut cycle. The crop was completely absent in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020, while 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022 were fruitful years. Weather plays a key role in triggering masting. We found that beechnut production is influenced by summer weather conditions (from June to August) in the previous two years. Abundance of beechnut production varies on an annual level, population level and on individual trees. Factors that partially explain the variability in yield are tree height and crown size. No significant differences in viability were found across different years and sites, though the results should be approached with caution due to limited sample representation. The study identified a positive correlation between seed weight and viability, as well as the impact of precipitation on moisture content. The results emphasize the need for continued monitoring and further research to understand the factors influencing beechnut production and quality, crucial for sustainable forest management in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Sirovica, J. Medak, Nikola Magdić, J. Vukelić
The impact of various ecological factors, biogeographical position and both former and current anthropogenic activity in Plitvice Lakes National Park greatly influenced the development of different habitat types, including forest clearings. Due to the insufficient knowledge of this habitat type, based primarily on general descriptions within the National Habitat Classification of the Republic of Croatia (NN 27/2021, NN 101/2022), this paper deals with presenting their vegetational and structural characteristics in the national park area. The following taxonomic keys were used to determine plant species: Tutin et al. (1964-1980), Pignatti (1982), Javorka and Csapody (1991) and Martinčič et al. (1999). Furthermore, scientific nomenclature of plant species was conducted using Flora Croatica Database (Nikolić 2012), while threat status was aligned by the Red Book of Vascular Flora of Croatia (Nikolić and Topić 2005). Also, protection level was adjusted according to the Regulation on strictly protected species (NN 144/2013, NN 73/2016). Spectrum of life forms and chorological types were aligned according to Pignatti (2005). Vegetation was studied in accordance with the principles of the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Together with the basic parameters of the selected plots, the research also included the collection of structural parameters of forest clearings according to Medak et al. (2023). Based on conducted research, a total of 98 plots of forest clearing habitats were established with a total of five different forest clearing communities. The largest number of forest clearing communities belonged to Salicetum capreae, followed by Eupatorietum cannabini, Atropetum bella-donae, Telekium speciosae and Rubetum idaei. A total of 257 species of vascular plants were identified in the area and classified into 60 families. The most represented family was Asteraceae, while the highest relative representation of life-forms belonged to hemicryptophytes (H). Furthermore, the most represented chorologycal type in the area was Eurasian (20.6%). The habitat type contained a total of 11 strictly protected (SZ), 6 nearly threatened (NT), 3 vulnerable (VU), 2 data-deficient (DD) and 4 endemic species. In addition, the largest number of plots had an anthropogenic origin, irregular type (shape), occupied a small area (less than 1000 m2) and were located along the edges of both forests and forest roads. The results of this paper represent the first vegetational and structural data of forest clearings in the national park area which contribute to an expansion of our knowledge and understanding of this habitat type, and form a starting point for the necessary future research.
{"title":"Vegetational and Structural Features of Forest Clearings in Plitvice Lakes National Park","authors":"Ivana Sirovica, J. Medak, Nikola Magdić, J. Vukelić","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-02","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of various ecological factors, biogeographical position and both former and current anthropogenic activity in Plitvice Lakes National Park greatly influenced the development of different habitat types, including forest clearings. Due to the insufficient knowledge of this habitat type, based primarily on general descriptions within the National Habitat Classification of the Republic of Croatia (NN 27/2021, NN 101/2022), this paper deals with presenting their vegetational and structural characteristics in the national park area. The following taxonomic keys were used to determine plant species: Tutin et al. (1964-1980), Pignatti (1982), Javorka and Csapody (1991) and Martinčič et al. (1999). Furthermore, scientific nomenclature of plant species was conducted using Flora Croatica Database (Nikolić 2012), while threat status was aligned by the Red Book of Vascular Flora of Croatia (Nikolić and Topić 2005). Also, protection level was adjusted according to the Regulation on strictly protected species (NN 144/2013, NN 73/2016). Spectrum of life forms and chorological types were aligned according to Pignatti (2005). Vegetation was studied in accordance with the principles of the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Together with the basic parameters of the selected plots, the research also included the collection of structural parameters of forest clearings according to Medak et al. (2023). Based on conducted research, a total of 98 plots of forest clearing habitats were established with a total of five different forest clearing communities. The largest number of forest clearing communities belonged to Salicetum capreae, followed by Eupatorietum cannabini, Atropetum bella-donae, Telekium speciosae and Rubetum idaei. A total of 257 species of vascular plants were identified in the area and classified into 60 families. The most represented family was Asteraceae, while the highest relative representation of life-forms belonged to hemicryptophytes (H). Furthermore, the most represented chorologycal type in the area was Eurasian (20.6%). The habitat type contained a total of 11 strictly protected (SZ), 6 nearly threatened (NT), 3 vulnerable (VU), 2 data-deficient (DD) and 4 endemic species. In addition, the largest number of plots had an anthropogenic origin, irregular type (shape), occupied a small area (less than 1000 m2) and were located along the edges of both forests and forest roads. The results of this paper represent the first vegetational and structural data of forest clearings in the national park area which contribute to an expansion of our knowledge and understanding of this habitat type, and form a starting point for the necessary future research.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black stem borer, Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), was first recorded in Croatia in 2009. Until now, the insect has been reported only as a part of ambrosia beetles entomofauna in oak stands (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea). In 2021, severe attack of ambrosia beetles causing tree decline and mortality have been observed in three orchards of hybrid sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa x Castenea crenata). Orchards near Topusko, Marija Bistrica and Vugrovec were inspected for the symptoms. Twenty-seven adult ambrosia beetle specimens were collected from eight samples of damaged sweet chestnut trees, and were identified according to their morphology. All 27 ambrosia beetles were morphologically identified as X. germanus. This is the first record of black stem borer causing damage on cultivated sweet chestnut in Croatia. Considering similar reports from Italy and Slovenia, X. germanus could be regarded as a new, potentially damaging pest in chestnut plantations.
{"title":"Damage to Sweet Chestnut Orchards in Croatia due to Invasive Alien Bark Beetle Xylosandrus germanus","authors":"Dario Ivić, Mladen Šimala","doi":"10.15177/seefor.24-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-01","url":null,"abstract":"Black stem borer, Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), was first recorded in Croatia in 2009. Until now, the insect has been reported only as a part of ambrosia beetles entomofauna in oak stands (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea). In 2021, severe attack of ambrosia beetles causing tree decline and mortality have been observed in three orchards of hybrid sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa x Castenea crenata). Orchards near Topusko, Marija Bistrica and Vugrovec were inspected for the symptoms. Twenty-seven adult ambrosia beetle specimens were collected from eight samples of damaged sweet chestnut trees, and were identified according to their morphology. All 27 ambrosia beetles were morphologically identified as X. germanus. This is the first record of black stem borer causing damage on cultivated sweet chestnut in Croatia. Considering similar reports from Italy and Slovenia, X. germanus could be regarded as a new, potentially damaging pest in chestnut plantations.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140491108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karla Mayté Pérez-Vásquez, Wenceslao Santiago-García, G. Ángeles-Pérez, F. Ruiz-Aquino, Elías Santiago-García
Spatial structure refers to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of individual trees, and the most accurate way to describe it within a community is to characterize tree strata in terms of their dimensions. The aim of this study was to determine the horizontal and vertical structure of pure stands of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., in forests of southern Mexico. Forest measurement data from 24 sample plots were used. For analysis of the horizontal structure, diameters within a range of 0.20 cm to 77 cm were used, while for the vertical structure, heights were from 0.09 m to 40.9 m. Non-parametric histograms and Kernel density methods were used in the analysis, and Fisher and Marron multimodality tests were performed. The homogeneity of the forest stands was determined by the coefficient of homogeneity, and the vertical and horizontal structures were described using the stratification proposed by Pretzsch. The results indicate that the horizontal structure corresponds to a diameter distribution with a reversed "J" shape in 79.2% of the sample plots, while 91.8% of the sites were classified as irregular with coefficients of homogeneity of 1.0 to 3.0. In the vertical structure, it was observed that the lower stratum predominated in 75% of the plots, while 25% had a higher concentration of individuals in the middle stratum. The upper stratum had accumulation percentages ranging from 1.3% to 33.3% but did not predominate in any of the plots. According to the multimodality tests, 50% of the plots present multimodality in the horizontal structure, while in the vertical structure this condition is present in 38% of the plots. Knowledge of the spatial structure of Pinus ayacahuite forest stands is essential to define silvicultural strategies that ensure the sustainable functioning of the ecosystem in terms of yield continuity and conservation.
{"title":"Forest Structure of Pinus ayacahuite in Southern Mexico","authors":"Karla Mayté Pérez-Vásquez, Wenceslao Santiago-García, G. Ángeles-Pérez, F. Ruiz-Aquino, Elías Santiago-García","doi":"10.15177/seefor.23-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.23-23","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial structure refers to the horizontal and vertical arrangement of individual trees, and the most accurate way to describe it within a community is to characterize tree strata in terms of their dimensions. The aim of this study was to determine the horizontal and vertical structure of pure stands of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., in forests of southern Mexico. Forest measurement data from 24 sample plots were used. For analysis of the horizontal structure, diameters within a range of 0.20 cm to 77 cm were used, while for the vertical structure, heights were from 0.09 m to 40.9 m. Non-parametric histograms and Kernel density methods were used in the analysis, and Fisher and Marron multimodality tests were performed. The homogeneity of the forest stands was determined by the coefficient of homogeneity, and the vertical and horizontal structures were described using the stratification proposed by Pretzsch. The results indicate that the horizontal structure corresponds to a diameter distribution with a reversed \"J\" shape in 79.2% of the sample plots, while 91.8% of the sites were classified as irregular with coefficients of homogeneity of 1.0 to 3.0. In the vertical structure, it was observed that the lower stratum predominated in 75% of the plots, while 25% had a higher concentration of individuals in the middle stratum. The upper stratum had accumulation percentages ranging from 1.3% to 33.3% but did not predominate in any of the plots. According to the multimodality tests, 50% of the plots present multimodality in the horizontal structure, while in the vertical structure this condition is present in 38% of the plots. Knowledge of the spatial structure of Pinus ayacahuite forest stands is essential to define silvicultural strategies that ensure the sustainable functioning of the ecosystem in terms of yield continuity and conservation.","PeriodicalId":505840,"journal":{"name":"South-east European forestry","volume":"100 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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