Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1358127
Shuying Wang, T. Fan, Gang Zhao, Mingsheng Ma, Kangning Lei, Shangzhong Li, Wanli Cheng, Yi Dang, Lei Wang, Jianjun Zhang, Gang Zhou, Xingmao Li, Shengli Ni
Improving photosynthetic use efficiency in dryland agroecosystems to sustain high agricultural yields is a key responsibility for ensuring food security.This study was conducted in the regions on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China during 2018–2020. Dryland maize of Xianyu 335 comprised four modes: basic yield input (CK, plastic film mulching, 37500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and unfertilized), farmer input (FP, plastic film mulching, 45000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and inorganic nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) fertilizer were 150kg.ha-1 and 90kg.ha-1), high yield and high-efficiency input (HH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 67500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic manure(M) fertilizer were 230kg.ha-1, 140kg.ha-1 and 1500kg.ha-1), and super high yield input (SH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 9000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic M fertilizer were 300kg.ha-1, 180kg.ha-1 and 7500kg.ha-1). The effects of different cultivation modes on yield, WUE, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll index(SPAD value) and root index were studied.The results showed that the value average of yield and WUE for CK were 7790kg and 17480kg.ha-1 in three years. SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE was significant higher compared with CK cultivation mode (P<0.05). SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE increased by 34.01%, 48.68%, 56.39% and 34.34%, 47.99%, 57.99%, compared than CK cultivation mode. These differences were observed during the seedling stage, jointing stage, silking stage and filling stage. Year to year variation in performance of applied treatment, this improved in CK cultivation mode significantly enhanced SPAD value, Pn, LAI and the root index than SH, HH and FP cultivation modes. The yield exhibited a positive correlation with the WUE, SPAD value, Pn, LAI. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields.The results indicated that maize yield and WUE could be increased through integrating and optimizing cultivation techniques in maize production on the semiarid western Loess Plateau of China. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields. The primary factor contributing to the increase in yield and WUE of maize due to increased density, increased fertilizer and covering measures is the augmentation of Pn, LAI, SPAD value, and root index.
{"title":"Effect of integrated fertilizer and plant density management on yield, root characteristic and photosynthetic parameters in maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau","authors":"Shuying Wang, T. Fan, Gang Zhao, Mingsheng Ma, Kangning Lei, Shangzhong Li, Wanli Cheng, Yi Dang, Lei Wang, Jianjun Zhang, Gang Zhou, Xingmao Li, Shengli Ni","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1358127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1358127","url":null,"abstract":"Improving photosynthetic use efficiency in dryland agroecosystems to sustain high agricultural yields is a key responsibility for ensuring food security.This study was conducted in the regions on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China during 2018–2020. Dryland maize of Xianyu 335 comprised four modes: basic yield input (CK, plastic film mulching, 37500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and unfertilized), farmer input (FP, plastic film mulching, 45000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and inorganic nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) fertilizer were 150kg.ha-1 and 90kg.ha-1), high yield and high-efficiency input (HH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 67500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic manure(M) fertilizer were 230kg.ha-1, 140kg.ha-1 and 1500kg.ha-1), and super high yield input (SH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 9000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic M fertilizer were 300kg.ha-1, 180kg.ha-1 and 7500kg.ha-1). The effects of different cultivation modes on yield, WUE, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll index(SPAD value) and root index were studied.The results showed that the value average of yield and WUE for CK were 7790kg and 17480kg.ha-1 in three years. SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE was significant higher compared with CK cultivation mode (P<0.05). SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE increased by 34.01%, 48.68%, 56.39% and 34.34%, 47.99%, 57.99%, compared than CK cultivation mode. These differences were observed during the seedling stage, jointing stage, silking stage and filling stage. Year to year variation in performance of applied treatment, this improved in CK cultivation mode significantly enhanced SPAD value, Pn, LAI and the root index than SH, HH and FP cultivation modes. The yield exhibited a positive correlation with the WUE, SPAD value, Pn, LAI. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields.The results indicated that maize yield and WUE could be increased through integrating and optimizing cultivation techniques in maize production on the semiarid western Loess Plateau of China. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields. The primary factor contributing to the increase in yield and WUE of maize due to increased density, increased fertilizer and covering measures is the augmentation of Pn, LAI, SPAD value, and root index.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"35 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1410829
Asheesh K. Singh, Behzad J. Balabaygloo, Barituka Bekee, Samuel W. Blair, Suzanne Fey, Fateme Fotouhi, Ashish Gupta, Amit Jha, Jorge C. Martinez-Palomares, Kevin Menke, Aaron Prestholt, V. Tanwar, Xu Tao, Anusha Vangala, Matthew E. Carroll, Sajal K. Das, Guilherme DePaula, Peter Kyveryga, Soumik Sarkar, Michelle Segovia, Simone Silvestri, Corinne Valdivia
To meet the grand challenges of agricultural production including climate change impacts on crop production, a tight integration of social science, technology and agriculture experts including farmers are needed. Rapid advances in information and communication technology, precision agriculture and data analytics, are creating a perfect opportunity for the creation of smart connected farms (SCFs) and networked farmers. A network and coordinated farmer network provides unique advantages to farmers to enhance farm production and profitability, while tackling adverse climate events. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in SCF including the advances in engineering, computer sciences, data sciences, social sciences and economics including data privacy, sharing and technology adoption. More specifically, we provide a comprehensive review of key components of SCFs and crucial elements necessary for its success. It includes, high-speed connections, sensors for data collection, and edge, fog and cloud computing along with innovative wireless technologies to enable cyber agricultural system. We also cover the topic of adoption of these technologies that involves important considerations around data analysis, privacy, and the sharing of data on platforms. From a social science and economics perspective, we examine the net-benefits and potential barriers to data-sharing within agricultural communities, and the behavioral factors influencing the adoption of SCF technologies. The focus of this review is to cover the state-of-the-art in smart connected farms with sufficient technological infrastructure; however, the information included herein can be utilized in geographies and farming systems that are witnessing digital technologies and want to develop SCF. Overall, taking a holistic view that spans technical, social and economic dimensions is key to understanding the impacts and future trajectory of Smart and Connected Farms.
{"title":"Smart connected farms and networked farmers to improve crop production, sustainability and profitability","authors":"Asheesh K. Singh, Behzad J. Balabaygloo, Barituka Bekee, Samuel W. Blair, Suzanne Fey, Fateme Fotouhi, Ashish Gupta, Amit Jha, Jorge C. Martinez-Palomares, Kevin Menke, Aaron Prestholt, V. Tanwar, Xu Tao, Anusha Vangala, Matthew E. Carroll, Sajal K. Das, Guilherme DePaula, Peter Kyveryga, Soumik Sarkar, Michelle Segovia, Simone Silvestri, Corinne Valdivia","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1410829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1410829","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the grand challenges of agricultural production including climate change impacts on crop production, a tight integration of social science, technology and agriculture experts including farmers are needed. Rapid advances in information and communication technology, precision agriculture and data analytics, are creating a perfect opportunity for the creation of smart connected farms (SCFs) and networked farmers. A network and coordinated farmer network provides unique advantages to farmers to enhance farm production and profitability, while tackling adverse climate events. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in SCF including the advances in engineering, computer sciences, data sciences, social sciences and economics including data privacy, sharing and technology adoption. More specifically, we provide a comprehensive review of key components of SCFs and crucial elements necessary for its success. It includes, high-speed connections, sensors for data collection, and edge, fog and cloud computing along with innovative wireless technologies to enable cyber agricultural system. We also cover the topic of adoption of these technologies that involves important considerations around data analysis, privacy, and the sharing of data on platforms. From a social science and economics perspective, we examine the net-benefits and potential barriers to data-sharing within agricultural communities, and the behavioral factors influencing the adoption of SCF technologies. The focus of this review is to cover the state-of-the-art in smart connected farms with sufficient technological infrastructure; however, the information included herein can be utilized in geographies and farming systems that are witnessing digital technologies and want to develop SCF. Overall, taking a holistic view that spans technical, social and economic dimensions is key to understanding the impacts and future trajectory of Smart and Connected Farms.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"28 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1419153
Marco Bindi, Francesco Morari
{"title":"Editorial: Methods in climate-smart agronomy","authors":"Marco Bindi, Francesco Morari","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1419153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1419153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"89 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1386568
M. Trillas, Guillem Segarra, Manuel Avilés
{"title":"Is Trichoderma ear rot on maize really a new dangerous plant disease?","authors":"M. Trillas, Guillem Segarra, Manuel Avilés","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1386568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1386568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"26 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1342372
Christian Andreasen, Eleni Vlassi, Najmeh Salehan, Kenneth S. Johannsen, Signe M. Jensen
Farmers are greatly interested in reducing weed seeds in their fields to avoid unnecessary weed infestation. Autonomous vehicles equipped with plant recognition systems and lasers can be used to control weed plants and may therefore be used to replace or supplement herbicides and mechanical weed control. However, less is known about the ability of laser to control weed seeds. In this study, seeds of weeds (Alopecurus myosuroides, Anisantha sterilis, Avena fatua, Centaurea cyanus, Silene noctiflora) and crops (wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays)) were exposed to increasing dosages of laser energy. The species represented dicots and monocots with different seed sizes and morphology. We used a thulium-doped 50 W fiber laser with a wavelength of 2 µm and a diameter of 2 mm developed for weed control. The seeds were exposed to laser directly on the seed surface or after been covered with soil (2.5 and 5 mm). Small doses of energy (0.4 J mm−2 and 0.8 J mm−2) affected the germination ability of small seeds (S. noctiflora and C. cyanus) when the seeds were irradiated directly on the seed surface, and they were completely burned at the high doses (8.0 J mm−2 and 15.9 J mm−2). However, there was not a clear relationship between seed size and sensitivity to laser dose. Additionally, increasing the laser dose on the seed surface resulted in increasing infection of fungi. Seeds covered with soil were not affected by the laser treatments except C. cyanus seeds. Controlling large seeds on the ground while weed seedlings are controlled with laser robots seems realistic in the future. However, dosages higher than 50 J (~15.9 J mm−2) is necessary to control large seeds.
{"title":"Laser weed seed control: challenges and opportunities","authors":"Christian Andreasen, Eleni Vlassi, Najmeh Salehan, Kenneth S. Johannsen, Signe M. Jensen","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1342372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1342372","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers are greatly interested in reducing weed seeds in their fields to avoid unnecessary weed infestation. Autonomous vehicles equipped with plant recognition systems and lasers can be used to control weed plants and may therefore be used to replace or supplement herbicides and mechanical weed control. However, less is known about the ability of laser to control weed seeds. In this study, seeds of weeds (Alopecurus myosuroides, Anisantha sterilis, Avena fatua, Centaurea cyanus, Silene noctiflora) and crops (wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays)) were exposed to increasing dosages of laser energy. The species represented dicots and monocots with different seed sizes and morphology. We used a thulium-doped 50 W fiber laser with a wavelength of 2 µm and a diameter of 2 mm developed for weed control. The seeds were exposed to laser directly on the seed surface or after been covered with soil (2.5 and 5 mm). Small doses of energy (0.4 J mm−2 and 0.8 J mm−2) affected the germination ability of small seeds (S. noctiflora and C. cyanus) when the seeds were irradiated directly on the seed surface, and they were completely burned at the high doses (8.0 J mm−2 and 15.9 J mm−2). However, there was not a clear relationship between seed size and sensitivity to laser dose. Additionally, increasing the laser dose on the seed surface resulted in increasing infection of fungi. Seeds covered with soil were not affected by the laser treatments except C. cyanus seeds. Controlling large seeds on the ground while weed seedlings are controlled with laser robots seems realistic in the future. However, dosages higher than 50 J (~15.9 J mm−2) is necessary to control large seeds.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1361697
Addis Hailu Demo, Girma Asefa Bogale
Dryland agriculture requires the efficient utilization of water resources and the implementation of water-conserving technologies. Mulching is a water conservation practice used in arid land areas to preserve soil moisture, control temperature, and minimize soil evaporation rates. Organic mulching minimizes soil deterioration, enhances organic matter, and boosts the soil’s ability to retain water. Mulching can help keep moisture in the root zone, allowing plants to receive water for extended periods. Mulching with composted yard waste led to higher soil nutrient levels, including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and organic matter when compared to uncovered soil. Under plastic mulch, soluble nutrients such as nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and fulvic acid are released as organic matter decomposes, enhancing the soil’s nutrient availability. Mulching has several advantages for dryland agriculture, such as reducing soil water loss, soil erosion, weed growth, water droplet kinetic energy, and competition for nutrients and water with nearby fields. This review article aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ground mulching in water conservation. This is particularly important in arid regions where agricultural sustainability is at risk due to drought, heat stress, and the inefficient use of limited water resources during the cropping season. Ground mulching is essential for minimizing surface evaporation and hence decreasing water loss. This review research thoroughly examines the advantages of organic and synthetic mulches in crop production, as well as their use in the preservation of soil and water resources.
{"title":"Enhancing crop yield and conserving soil moisture through mulching practices in dryland agriculture","authors":"Addis Hailu Demo, Girma Asefa Bogale","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1361697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1361697","url":null,"abstract":"Dryland agriculture requires the efficient utilization of water resources and the implementation of water-conserving technologies. Mulching is a water conservation practice used in arid land areas to preserve soil moisture, control temperature, and minimize soil evaporation rates. Organic mulching minimizes soil deterioration, enhances organic matter, and boosts the soil’s ability to retain water. Mulching can help keep moisture in the root zone, allowing plants to receive water for extended periods. Mulching with composted yard waste led to higher soil nutrient levels, including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and organic matter when compared to uncovered soil. Under plastic mulch, soluble nutrients such as nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and fulvic acid are released as organic matter decomposes, enhancing the soil’s nutrient availability. Mulching has several advantages for dryland agriculture, such as reducing soil water loss, soil erosion, weed growth, water droplet kinetic energy, and competition for nutrients and water with nearby fields. This review article aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ground mulching in water conservation. This is particularly important in arid regions where agricultural sustainability is at risk due to drought, heat stress, and the inefficient use of limited water resources during the cropping season. Ground mulching is essential for minimizing surface evaporation and hence decreasing water loss. This review research thoroughly examines the advantages of organic and synthetic mulches in crop production, as well as their use in the preservation of soil and water resources.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1290035
Luis Orozco-Aguilar, A. López-Sampson, Luis A. Barboza, María José Borda, Mariela E Leandro-Muñoz, Melanie Bordeaux, Rolando H. Cerda, Eusebio Ayestas Villega, Eduardo Somarriba
Cocoa attainable yields are affected by a complex of pests and diseases in a particular agro-environment. Estimation of yield loss is critical for agronomic and economic decision-making at the farm level. For over 15 months, we monitored 1100 pods from six cocoa clones (PMCT-58, CC-137, CATIE-R1 CATIE-R4, ICS-95, and CCN-51) to assess the incidence of pests and diseases and to elucidate their survival behavior. Cocoa clones grow in a 12-year timber-based cocoa agroforestry plot (1330 cocoa plants ha-1, 100 shade trees ha-1, and 65% shade cover), in La Montaña, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Between 6-12 trees and 120-140 pods per clone of four size classes (very small – 2.5-7 cm, small – 7.1-14 cm, medium – 14.1-21 cm, and large – ≥21 cm) were tagged and measured fortnightly. Pods were selected at two vertical strata along the tree trunk (below and above 1.5 m) and grouped into three generations (rainy, transition, and dry). Competitive risk and survival analysis were performed per clone, generation, pod size class, and pod position along the tree trunk. Overall, pods reached maturity at the age of 155-165 days and were exposed to several hazards that disrupted their development. The Cox model that better described the cumulative risk during pod development included two covariables with substantial explicative power, generation, and clones. Regardless of clone and pod generation, a combination of diseases/pests accounted for about 45% to 65% of yield losses. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that pod survival was similar between generations but differed among clones within generations. Pods from CATIE-R1, CATIE-R4 and CC-137 clones showed greater survival rates than those of ICS-95, CCN-51 and PMCT-58 clones. The position of the pod along the tree trunk did not influence pod survival rates. We combined pod counting and pod survival rates calculated in this study and contrasted our yield estimations against a widely used prediction method proposed by a certification body. Overall, yield estimated using the UTZ method applied to 90-day-old pods of CATIE-R1 clone consistently overestimated yield predictions in the range of 27-45%. We proposed the combination of pod counting and pod index with a set of clone-specific discount factors; the survival rates, to reliably forecast on-farm cacao yields over time.
{"title":"Risk analysis and cacao pod survivorship curves to improve yield forecasting methods","authors":"Luis Orozco-Aguilar, A. López-Sampson, Luis A. Barboza, María José Borda, Mariela E Leandro-Muñoz, Melanie Bordeaux, Rolando H. Cerda, Eusebio Ayestas Villega, Eduardo Somarriba","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1290035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1290035","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa attainable yields are affected by a complex of pests and diseases in a particular agro-environment. Estimation of yield loss is critical for agronomic and economic decision-making at the farm level. For over 15 months, we monitored 1100 pods from six cocoa clones (PMCT-58, CC-137, CATIE-R1 CATIE-R4, ICS-95, and CCN-51) to assess the incidence of pests and diseases and to elucidate their survival behavior. Cocoa clones grow in a 12-year timber-based cocoa agroforestry plot (1330 cocoa plants ha-1, 100 shade trees ha-1, and 65% shade cover), in La Montaña, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Between 6-12 trees and 120-140 pods per clone of four size classes (very small – 2.5-7 cm, small – 7.1-14 cm, medium – 14.1-21 cm, and large – ≥21 cm) were tagged and measured fortnightly. Pods were selected at two vertical strata along the tree trunk (below and above 1.5 m) and grouped into three generations (rainy, transition, and dry). Competitive risk and survival analysis were performed per clone, generation, pod size class, and pod position along the tree trunk. Overall, pods reached maturity at the age of 155-165 days and were exposed to several hazards that disrupted their development. The Cox model that better described the cumulative risk during pod development included two covariables with substantial explicative power, generation, and clones. Regardless of clone and pod generation, a combination of diseases/pests accounted for about 45% to 65% of yield losses. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that pod survival was similar between generations but differed among clones within generations. Pods from CATIE-R1, CATIE-R4 and CC-137 clones showed greater survival rates than those of ICS-95, CCN-51 and PMCT-58 clones. The position of the pod along the tree trunk did not influence pod survival rates. We combined pod counting and pod survival rates calculated in this study and contrasted our yield estimations against a widely used prediction method proposed by a certification body. Overall, yield estimated using the UTZ method applied to 90-day-old pods of CATIE-R1 clone consistently overestimated yield predictions in the range of 27-45%. We proposed the combination of pod counting and pod index with a set of clone-specific discount factors; the survival rates, to reliably forecast on-farm cacao yields over time.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1234232
L. Puntel, Laura J. Thompson, T. Mieno
The Precision Nitrogen Project (PNP) worked with more than 80 corn and winter wheat producers to inexpensively design and implement randomized, replicated field strip trials on whole commercial farm fields, and to provide site-specific testing of current nitrogen (N) technologies. This article proposes a conceptual framework and detailed procedure to select the N technology to be tested; design and implement field trials; generate, process, and manage field trial data; and automatically analyze, report, and share benefits from precision N technology. The selection of the N technology was farmer-driven to ensure a good fit and to increase the likelihood of future technology adoption. The technology selection method was called the “N tiered approach”, which consisted of selecting a technology that progressively increases the level of complexity without exceeding the farmer’s learning process or farm logistic constraints. The N tools were classified into (1) crop model-based, (2) remote sensing-based, (3) enhanced efficiency fertilizers, and (4) biologicals. Field strip trials comparing producers’ traditional management and the selected N technology were combined with site-specific N rate blocks placed in contrasting areas of the fields. Yield data from the N rate blocks was utilized to derive the site-specific optimal N rate. The benefits of current N technologies were quantified by comparing their yield, profit, and N use efficiency (NUE) to growers’ traditional management and to the estimated site-specific optimal N rate. Communication of the trial results back to the growers was crucial to ensure the promotion and adoption of these N technologies farm wide. The framework and overall benefits from N technologies was presented and discussed. The proposed framework allowed researchers, agronomists, and farmers to carry out on-farm precision N experimentation using novel technologies to quantify benefits of digital ag technology and promote adoption.
{"title":"Leveraging digital agriculture for on-farm testing of technologies","authors":"L. Puntel, Laura J. Thompson, T. Mieno","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1234232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1234232","url":null,"abstract":"The Precision Nitrogen Project (PNP) worked with more than 80 corn and winter wheat producers to inexpensively design and implement randomized, replicated field strip trials on whole commercial farm fields, and to provide site-specific testing of current nitrogen (N) technologies. This article proposes a conceptual framework and detailed procedure to select the N technology to be tested; design and implement field trials; generate, process, and manage field trial data; and automatically analyze, report, and share benefits from precision N technology. The selection of the N technology was farmer-driven to ensure a good fit and to increase the likelihood of future technology adoption. The technology selection method was called the “N tiered approach”, which consisted of selecting a technology that progressively increases the level of complexity without exceeding the farmer’s learning process or farm logistic constraints. The N tools were classified into (1) crop model-based, (2) remote sensing-based, (3) enhanced efficiency fertilizers, and (4) biologicals. Field strip trials comparing producers’ traditional management and the selected N technology were combined with site-specific N rate blocks placed in contrasting areas of the fields. Yield data from the N rate blocks was utilized to derive the site-specific optimal N rate. The benefits of current N technologies were quantified by comparing their yield, profit, and N use efficiency (NUE) to growers’ traditional management and to the estimated site-specific optimal N rate. Communication of the trial results back to the growers was crucial to ensure the promotion and adoption of these N technologies farm wide. The framework and overall benefits from N technologies was presented and discussed. The proposed framework allowed researchers, agronomists, and farmers to carry out on-farm precision N experimentation using novel technologies to quantify benefits of digital ag technology and promote adoption.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"6 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.3389/fagro.2024.1387188
M. F. Del Papa, María Jesús Delgado, P. Irisarri, Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi, Jorge Monza
{"title":"Editorial: Maximizing nitrogen fixation in legumes as a tool for sustainable agriculture intensification, volume II","authors":"M. F. Del Papa, María Jesús Delgado, P. Irisarri, Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi, Jorge Monza","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1387188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1387188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice, as a staple food in several Asian countries, contributes to approximately 10% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during its cultivation. Furthermore, nitrogen fertilization increases the accumulation of GHG emissions. This study aims to investigate GHG emissions, including methane (CH4) and nitrous Oxide (N2O) resulting from the common fertilizer variations used by farmers in Indonesia for two rice varieties, Way Apo Buru and Inpari 32, and their relationship to rice yield. The research was conducted from August to November 2022 in an open field located in Jember, Indonesia. Two rice varieties, Inpari 32 and Way Apo Buru, were employed in this study. Fertilization variations included Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N 24%-S), SP-36 (36%-P & 5%-S), KCl (250:100:50:50 kg ha-1) (P1); NPK (16%-N:16%-P:16%-K), Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N & 24%-S) (225:175:100 kg ha-1) (P2); NPK (12%-N:12%-P:17%-K), Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N & 24%-S) (175:150:100 kg ha-1) (P3); and NPKS (P1) + chicken manure fertilizer 5 tonnes ha-1 (P4).In this research, Inpari 32 rice achieved greater yields while also exhibiting higher global warming potential. Applying NPKS fertilizer in combination with 5 tonnes ha-1 of manure fertilizer (referred to as P4) resulted in a substantial increase in rice yield compared to alternative fertilizer formulations. The various inorganic fertilizers had a relatively similar influence on growth, production yield, and greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O). However, the fertilizer NPKS and 5 tonnes manure fertilizer resulted in the lowest CH4 emissions and global warming potential values.
水稻作为一些亚洲国家的主食，在种植过程中排放了约 10%的温室气体。此外，氮肥会增加温室气体排放量的积累。本研究旨在调查印度尼西亚农民在种植 Way Apo Buru 和 Inpari 32 这两个水稻品种时常用的肥料变化所产生的温室气体排放，包括甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O），以及它们与水稻产量的关系。研究于 2022 年 8 月至 11 月在印度尼西亚 Jember 的一块空地上进行。本研究采用了两个水稻品种：Inpari 32 和 Way Apo Buru。施肥变化包括尿素（46%-N）、ZA（21%-N 24%-S）、SP-36（36%-P 和 5%-S）、氯化钾（250:100:50:50 kg ha-1）（P1）；氮磷钾（16%-N:16%-P:16%-K）、尿素（46%-N）、ZA（21%-N 和 24%-S）（225：175:100 kg ha-1）（P2）；NPK（12%-N:12%-P:17%-K）、尿素（46%-N）、ZA（21%-N 和 24%-S）（175:150:100 kg ha-1）（P3）；以及 NPKS（P1）+ 鸡粪肥料 5 吨 ha-1（P4）。在这项研究中，Inpari 32 水稻获得了更高的产量，同时也表现出更高的全球升温潜能值。与其他肥料配方相比，在施用 NPKS 肥料的同时施用 5 吨/公顷的鸡粪肥料（简称 P4），水稻产量大幅提高。各种无机肥料对生长、产量和温室气体排放（CH4 和 N2O）的影响相对相似。然而，NPKS 肥料和 5 吨粪肥的 CH4 排放量和全球变暖潜势值最低。
{"title":"Effect of fertilizer composition and different varieties on yield, methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice field in East Java Indonesia","authors":"Slameto, Danil Eka Fahrudin, Muhamad Wahyu Saputra","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1345283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1345283","url":null,"abstract":"Rice, as a staple food in several Asian countries, contributes to approximately 10% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during its cultivation. Furthermore, nitrogen fertilization increases the accumulation of GHG emissions. This study aims to investigate GHG emissions, including methane (CH4) and nitrous Oxide (N2O) resulting from the common fertilizer variations used by farmers in Indonesia for two rice varieties, Way Apo Buru and Inpari 32, and their relationship to rice yield. The research was conducted from August to November 2022 in an open field located in Jember, Indonesia. Two rice varieties, Inpari 32 and Way Apo Buru, were employed in this study. Fertilization variations included Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N 24%-S), SP-36 (36%-P & 5%-S), KCl (250:100:50:50 kg ha-1) (P1); NPK (16%-N:16%-P:16%-K), Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N & 24%-S) (225:175:100 kg ha-1) (P2); NPK (12%-N:12%-P:17%-K), Urea (46%-N), ZA (21%-N & 24%-S) (175:150:100 kg ha-1) (P3); and NPKS (P1) + chicken manure fertilizer 5 tonnes ha-1 (P4).In this research, Inpari 32 rice achieved greater yields while also exhibiting higher global warming potential. Applying NPKS fertilizer in combination with 5 tonnes ha-1 of manure fertilizer (referred to as P4) resulted in a substantial increase in rice yield compared to alternative fertilizer formulations. The various inorganic fertilizers had a relatively similar influence on growth, production yield, and greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O). However, the fertilizer NPKS and 5 tonnes manure fertilizer resulted in the lowest CH4 emissions and global warming potential values.","PeriodicalId":505893,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：