{"title":"Lykke og tid","authors":"Espen Lauritzen","doi":"10.5324/eip.v18i1.5865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v18i1.5865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Implementing Ethical Ideals and Practice Through Knowledge Translation","authors":"Allen Alvarez","doi":"10.5324/eip.v18i1.5909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v18i1.5909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":" 791","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the concept of compassion fatigue in light of the importance that political decisions, especially the application of the concept of public spirit, have had on care and nursing in a Danish hospital context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is based on recent research literature in the field as well as the author’s own participatory observation study. The paper suggests that nurses already show a sense of public spirit due to their authorization and professional ethics, but at the same time they must balance the ambiguity of nursing care. A linguistic-philosophical study of public spirit shows that the concept can have a discursive, double-binding and interpellative effect on nurses, who may therefore have an experience of inadequacy and compassion fatigue. In this context, compassion fatigue must be understood as the fact that nurses cannot provide the care they want or that is expected of them. Public spirit can be said to have had a renaissance and linguistic and moral supremacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper views the concept of waywardness1 as a possible response for how to prevent or completely avoid compassion fatigue, so that nurses instead have an experience of compassion / self-compassion. This could in the end be important for encouraging more nursing students and nurses who have the desire and opportunity to stay in the profession. Keywords: Nursing care, compassion fatigue, public spirit, compassion, COVID-19 pandemic
{"title":"Public spirit and compassion fatigue","authors":"Trine Lykkegaard Sønderkær","doi":"10.5324/eip.v18i1.5113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v18i1.5113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of compassion fatigue in light of the importance that political decisions, especially the application of the concept of public spirit, have had on care and nursing in a Danish hospital context during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is based on recent research literature in the field as well as the author’s own participatory observation study. The paper suggests that nurses already show a sense of public spirit due to their authorization and professional ethics, but at the same time they must balance the ambiguity of nursing care. A linguistic-philosophical study of public spirit shows that the concept can have a discursive, double-binding and interpellative effect on nurses, who may therefore have an experience of inadequacy and compassion fatigue. In this context, compassion fatigue must be understood as the fact that nurses cannot provide the care they want or that is expected of them. Public spirit can be said to have had a renaissance and linguistic and moral supremacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper views the concept of waywardness1 as a possible response for how to prevent or completely avoid compassion fatigue, so that nurses instead have an experience of compassion / self-compassion. This could in the end be important for encouraging more nursing students and nurses who have the desire and opportunity to stay in the profession.\u0000Keywords: Nursing care, compassion fatigue, public spirit, compassion, COVID-19 pandemic","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"69 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different things are at stake when organizations face difficult decisions amidst value conflicts. Individuals who participate in those decisions bring their own values to the table that they weigh against the values that their organization promotes. How should we weigh personal values versus collective values when they are in conflict?
{"title":"The cost of change and the value of authenticity","authors":"Allen Alvarez, M. Thorseth","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5821","url":null,"abstract":"Different things are at stake when organizations face difficult decisions amidst value conflicts. Individuals who participate in those decisions bring their own values to the table that they weigh against the values that their organization promotes. How should we weigh personal values versus collective values when they are in conflict?","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I look at the African theory that the formation of personhood is relevant to the morality of war. I start by justifying the project of decolonizing the ethics of war. Then I proceed to clarify that some of the African theories that relate to personhood and war should not be taken at face value, but that the concept of personhood does play a role in the morality of war. I then provide examples of how this concept is relevant for jus ad bellum, jus in bello and jus post bellum. Keywords: African Ethics; Personhood; Just War Theory; Jus ad Bellum; Jus in Bello; Jus Post Bellum
{"title":"African Ethics, Personhood, and War","authors":"Luis Cordeiro-Rodrigues","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5047","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I look at the African theory that the formation of personhood is relevant to the morality of war. I start by justifying the project of decolonizing the ethics of war. Then I proceed to clarify that some of the African theories that relate to personhood and war should not be taken at face value, but that the concept of personhood does play a role in the morality of war. I then provide examples of how this concept is relevant for jus ad bellum, jus in bello and jus post bellum. Keywords: African Ethics; Personhood; Just War Theory; Jus ad Bellum; Jus in Bello; Jus Post Bellum","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrik Baard, Anders Melin, Gunnhildur Lily Magnusdottir
In this article we justify why justice ought to be considered in scenarios of energy transitions, stipulate what dimensions should reasonably be considered, and investigate whether such considerations are taken in Swedish parliamentary debates on energy policies. Through interviews we investigated how Swedish parliamentary politicians think through justice in energy transitions, providing a practical perspective. We conclude that while there is some overlap between minimal conditions for energy justice and the issues brought forward by Swedish politicians, several issues are omitted. Examples include procedural justice and recognizing Sámi interests. On the other hand, principles of energy justice omit economic issues, which are however often brought up by respondents. It can be argued that justice issues, and not only the technical and economic issues that currently dominate the political debate, should be considered in energy transitions. It is therefore unfortunate that questions about justice are not adequately recognized by Swedish members of parliament, as outlined here by interview results. Stronger conclusions would require more empirical work, but the article points out several discrepancies between the topics discussed in the research literature on energy policies, and the topics discussed by elected parliamentarians having a specific focus on energy policies. Keywords: energy justice; energy transitions; Swedish energy policies; climate justice
{"title":"Justice in energy transition scenarios: Perspectives from Swedish energy politics","authors":"Patrik Baard, Anders Melin, Gunnhildur Lily Magnusdottir","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5026","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we justify why justice ought to be considered in scenarios of energy transitions, stipulate what dimensions should reasonably be considered, and investigate whether such considerations are taken in Swedish parliamentary debates on energy policies. Through interviews we investigated how Swedish parliamentary politicians think through justice in energy transitions, providing a practical perspective. We conclude that while there is some overlap between minimal conditions for energy justice and the issues brought forward by Swedish politicians, several issues are omitted. Examples include procedural justice and recognizing Sámi interests. On the other hand, principles of energy justice omit economic issues, which are however often brought up by respondents. It can be argued that justice issues, and not only the technical and economic issues that currently dominate the political debate, should be considered in energy transitions. It is therefore unfortunate that questions about justice are not adequately recognized by Swedish members of parliament, as outlined here by interview results. Stronger conclusions would require more empirical work, but the article points out several discrepancies between the topics discussed in the research literature on energy policies, and the topics discussed by elected parliamentarians having a specific focus on energy policies. Keywords: energy justice; energy transitions; Swedish energy policies; climate justice","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I consider the permissibility of forming defensive alliances, which is a neglected topic in the contemporary literature on the ethics of war and peace. Drawing on the jus ad bellum criterion of proportionality in just war theory, I argue that if permissible defensive force requires that its expected harms must be counterbalanced by its expected goods, then, permissible defensive alliance formation seems to also require that its expected harms must be counterbalanced by its expected goods, as the latter can result in much the same consequences as the former. Moreover, due to the incommensurability of values in play when making proportionality judgments, I argue for a value pluralist understanding of the criterion. On this view, defensive alliance formation is proportionate if the expected gains in certain values (goods) intuitively justify the expected losses in others (harms) when compared to the alternative expected value trade-offs of not allying. To explore the implications of my theoretical claims I consider them in relation to John Mearsheimer’s influential account of the causes of the Russo-Ukrainian War. On this account, the West’s strategy to assimilate Ukraine and Ukraine’s pursuit of NATO membership post-annexation of Crimea were disproportionate because the expected harms were unjustified when compared to the alternative expected goods and harms of forgoing Ukrainian membership of NATO. This does not imply that Russia’s aggression is just, but it does imply that the West and Ukraine are partially responsible for the war and that they acted impermissibly in attempting to expand/join NATO. Keywords: Proportionality, alliances, just war theory, Ukraine, Mearsheimer
在本文中，我探讨了结成防御性联盟的可允许性问题，这是当代战争与和平伦理学文献中一个被忽视的话题。借鉴正义战争理论中的 "诉诸战争权"（jus ad bellum）比例标准，我认为，如果允许的防御性武力要求其预期伤害必须与其预期收益相抵消，那么，允许的防御性结盟似乎也要求其预期伤害必须与其预期收益相抵消，因为后者可能导致与前者大致相同的后果。此外，由于在进行相称性判断时，各种价值的不可通约性，我主张对这一标准进行价值多元主义的理解。根据这一观点，如果与不结盟的其他预期价值权衡相比，某些价值（商品）的预期收益直观地证明了其他价值（危害）的预期损失是合理的，那么防御性结盟就是相称的。为了探讨我的理论主张的意义，我将其与约翰-米尔斯海默（John Mearsheimer）关于俄乌战争起因的有影响力的论述联系起来考虑。根据这一观点，西方同化乌克兰的战略和乌克兰在吞并克里米亚后寻求加入北约的做法是不相称的，因为与放弃乌克兰加入北约的其他预期利益和损害相比，预期损害是不合理的。这并不意味着俄罗斯的侵略是正义的，但它确实意味着西方和乌克兰对战争负有部分责任，而且它们在试图扩大/加入北约时采取了不被允许的行为。关键词相称性、联盟、正义战争理论、乌克兰、米尔斯海默
{"title":"Proportionality, Defensive Alliance Formation, and Mearsheimer on Ukraine","authors":"Benjamin King","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5095","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I consider the permissibility of forming defensive alliances, which is a neglected topic in the contemporary literature on the ethics of war and peace. Drawing on the jus ad bellum criterion of proportionality in just war theory, I argue that if permissible defensive force requires that its expected harms must be counterbalanced by its expected goods, then, permissible defensive alliance formation seems to also require that its expected harms must be counterbalanced by its expected goods, as the latter can result in much the same consequences as the former. Moreover, due to the incommensurability of values in play when making proportionality judgments, I argue for a value pluralist understanding of the criterion. On this view, defensive alliance formation is proportionate if the expected gains in certain values (goods) intuitively justify the expected losses in others (harms) when compared to the alternative expected value trade-offs of not allying. To explore the implications of my theoretical claims I consider them in relation to John Mearsheimer’s influential account of the causes of the Russo-Ukrainian War. On this account, the West’s strategy to assimilate Ukraine and Ukraine’s pursuit of NATO membership post-annexation of Crimea were disproportionate because the expected harms were unjustified when compared to the alternative expected goods and harms of forgoing Ukrainian membership of NATO. This does not imply that Russia’s aggression is just, but it does imply that the West and Ukraine are partially responsible for the war and that they acted impermissibly in attempting to expand/join NATO. Keywords: Proportionality, alliances, just war theory, Ukraine, Mearsheimer","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"250 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etter revisjonen av bioteknologiloven i mai 2020, ble eggdonasjon på norsk et faktum. I kjølvannet av «bioteknologiforliket» – en koalisjon mellom AP, FrP og SV som sikret stortingsflertall for endringene i loven – skulle kompensasjonsstørrelsen fastsettes for kvinner som ønsker å donere bort egg. Det ble av den grunn holdt en høring om retningslinjene for donasjon av egg, herunder alternativer til hvor mye donor bør kompenseres økonomisk. Denne artikkelen analyserer høringsutkastet, høringssvarene og de endelige retningslinjene for kompensasjon av eggdonasjon. Jeg utvikler tre gjennomgående temaer for å beskrive innholdet i disse dokumentene: (1) motivasjonens form og innhold, (2) rettferdig likebehandling og (3) donorbutikk. Selv om Helsedirektoratet innledningsvis gikk inn for alternativet med det høyeste kompensasjonsbeløpet, endret de mening etter høringsrunden og bestemte seg for det laveste beløpet for å unngå økonomisk motivert eggdonasjon. Denne bekymringen for økonomisk motivert eggdonasjon var et gjennomgående tema i høringsdokumentene, ledsaget av en forståelse av altruistisk eggdonasjon som et fravær av økonomisk motivasjon. Analysen viser samtidig hvordan lignende argumenter ble vinklet ulikt for å kunne understøtte både en høyere og lavere kompensasjon. En vektlegging av kvinnes rettigheter endte i noen høringssvar opp som et forsvar for den høyeste kompensasjonen, mens endte i andre opp som et forbud mot enhver kompensasjon. Samlet sett gir denne studien innblikk i mangfoldet av argumenter som er blitt brukt i den norske debatten om kompensasjon for eggdonasjon og viser viktigheten av å definere begrepene som brukes, slik som altruisme, frivillighet og økonomisk motivasjon. Nøkkelord: altruisme, bioteknologi, eggcelledonasjon, godtgjørelse, motivasjon
{"title":"Fra innholdsløs altruisme til motsetningsfull feminisme: en analyse av høringen om kompensasjon for eggdonasjon","authors":"Joar Fystro","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5016","url":null,"abstract":"Etter revisjonen av bioteknologiloven i mai 2020, ble eggdonasjon på norsk et faktum. I kjølvannet av «bioteknologiforliket» – en koalisjon mellom AP, FrP og SV som sikret stortingsflertall for endringene i loven – skulle kompensasjonsstørrelsen fastsettes for kvinner som ønsker å donere bort egg. Det ble av den grunn holdt en høring om retningslinjene for donasjon av egg, herunder alternativer til hvor mye donor bør kompenseres økonomisk. Denne artikkelen analyserer høringsutkastet, høringssvarene og de endelige retningslinjene for kompensasjon av eggdonasjon. Jeg utvikler tre gjennomgående temaer for å beskrive innholdet i disse dokumentene: (1) motivasjonens form og innhold, (2) rettferdig likebehandling og (3) donorbutikk. Selv om Helsedirektoratet innledningsvis gikk inn for alternativet med det høyeste kompensasjonsbeløpet, endret de mening etter høringsrunden og bestemte seg for det laveste beløpet for å unngå økonomisk motivert eggdonasjon. Denne bekymringen for økonomisk motivert eggdonasjon var et gjennomgående tema i høringsdokumentene, ledsaget av en forståelse av altruistisk eggdonasjon som et fravær av økonomisk motivasjon. Analysen viser samtidig hvordan lignende argumenter ble vinklet ulikt for å kunne understøtte både en høyere og lavere kompensasjon. En vektlegging av kvinnes rettigheter endte i noen høringssvar opp som et forsvar for den høyeste kompensasjonen, mens endte i andre opp som et forbud mot enhver kompensasjon. Samlet sett gir denne studien innblikk i mangfoldet av argumenter som er blitt brukt i den norske debatten om kompensasjon for eggdonasjon og viser viktigheten av å definere begrepene som brukes, slik som altruisme, frivillighet og økonomisk motivasjon. Nøkkelord: altruisme, bioteknologi, eggcelledonasjon, godtgjørelse, motivasjon","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"972 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denne autoetnografien diskuterer en situasjon som oppsto på et feltarbeid i Norge, der jeg opplevde å være i fare i rollen som forsker. Først i det øyeblikket gikk det opp for meg at jeg ikke hadde tatt noen forholdsregler for å ivareta min egen sikkerhet i felt. Det skjedde selv om de øvrige deltagernes sikkerhet var grundig diskutert og hensyntatt gjennom en rekke tiltak i studien, som var motivert av kulturelt responsiv, relasjonell, refleksiv etikk. I artikkelen drøfter jeg mulige konsekvenser av manglende oppmerksomhet i etiske retningslinjer og forskningspraksis rettet mot forskeres sikkerhet i felt. Jeg argumenterer for at veiledere har et etisk ansvar for å støtte uerfarne forskere i en refleksiv prosess om risikoen ved å delta i feltarbeid – samt å ta forholdsregler for å minimere risiko i den grad det er mulig for å unngå at forskere utsettes for fare.
{"title":"«Ingen visste hvor jeg var»","authors":"R. Svendby","doi":"10.5324/eip.v17i2.5056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v17i2.5056","url":null,"abstract":"Denne autoetnografien diskuterer en situasjon som oppsto på et feltarbeid i Norge, der jeg opplevde å være i fare i rollen som forsker. Først i det øyeblikket gikk det opp for meg at jeg ikke hadde tatt noen forholdsregler for å ivareta min egen sikkerhet i felt. Det skjedde selv om de øvrige deltagernes sikkerhet var grundig diskutert og hensyntatt gjennom en rekke tiltak i studien, som var motivert av kulturelt responsiv, relasjonell, refleksiv etikk. I artikkelen drøfter jeg mulige konsekvenser av manglende oppmerksomhet i etiske retningslinjer og forskningspraksis rettet mot forskeres sikkerhet i felt. Jeg argumenterer for at veiledere har et etisk ansvar for å støtte uerfarne forskere i en refleksiv prosess om risikoen ved å delta i feltarbeid – samt å ta forholdsregler for å minimere risiko i den grad det er mulig for å unngå at forskere utsettes for fare.","PeriodicalId":506493,"journal":{"name":"Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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