Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/488-5
Michele Di Maio, Patricia Justino, Valerio Leone Sciabolazza, Cecilia Nardi
{"title":"Faraway, so close: the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on political violence in Asian countries","authors":"Michele Di Maio, Patricia Justino, Valerio Leone Sciabolazza, Cecilia Nardi","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/488-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/488-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/486-1
Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe
{"title":"Extractive industries: enclaves or a means to transform economies?","authors":"Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/486-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/486-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/487-8
Kunal Sen
{"title":"Labour market inequality in two Asian giants: Indonesia and India compared","authors":"Kunal Sen","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/487-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/487-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/485-4
Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe
{"title":"Extractive industries: recognizing and managing the risks in resource-dependent economies","authors":"Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/485-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/485-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/484-7
Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe
{"title":"Extractive industries: imperatives, opportunities, and dilemmas in the net-zero transition","authors":"Tony Addison, Alan R. Roe","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/484-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/484-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"93 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/476-2
Soeren J. Henn, G. Marchais, C. Mugaruka, R. S. D. L. Sierra
This paper leverages a novel panel dataset covering the histories of 306 chiefs and 256 episodes of village governance and taxation by armed groups in 106 villages in eastern DRC in order to analyse the relationship between the governance of armed groups and the power of rural chiefs. The paper devises a strategy to measure chiefs’ power, as well as the governance and taxation arrangements established by armed groups along several dimensions. We find that, when chiefs are powerful, armed groups are less likely to adopt direct rule and more likely to adopt indirect rule governance arrangements. We also find that the use of direct rule increases with an armed group’s tenure.
{"title":"Indirect rule: armed groups and customary chiefs in eastern DRC","authors":"Soeren J. Henn, G. Marchais, C. Mugaruka, R. S. D. L. Sierra","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/476-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/476-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper leverages a novel panel dataset covering the histories of 306 chiefs and 256 episodes of village governance and taxation by armed groups in 106 villages in eastern DRC in order to analyse the relationship between the governance of armed groups and the power of rural chiefs. The paper devises a strategy to measure chiefs’ power, as well as the governance and taxation arrangements established by armed groups along several dimensions. We find that, when chiefs are powerful, armed groups are less likely to adopt direct rule and more likely to adopt indirect rule governance arrangements. We also find that the use of direct rule increases with an armed group’s tenure.","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/475-5
Jing-Woei Chien, Lawrence Edwards, A. Hlatshwayo
: Using highly disaggregated customs-transaction-level data, we study the importer price effects of tariffs in the context of preferential trade agreements for South African imports of frozen bone-in chicken. We focus first on the firm-level impact of tariffs on import prices. Findings suggest no pass-through effect from changes in tariffs but our quantity analysis contradicts this, indicating adjustments consistent with higher landed prices. We reconcile this by considering the impact of the extensive margin with the inclusion of zero trade values and find that firms are less likely to trade with higher-tariff origins. Specifically, firms are less likely to continue importing higher-priced varieties from MFN origins in the context of higher most-favoured-nation tariffs. The findings emphasize the importance of varieties, defined as firm-origin combination, in import price analyses. We then move on to more aggregated analysis. After controlling for varieties, tariff pass-through to import prices is virtually complete (91 per cent). We find robust evidence that preference-partner countries take advantage of their tariff preference rent to increase prices. Lastly, we investigate the impact of other trade policy measures on importer prices. Restrictive trade measures such as anti-dumping, safeguards, and avian flu bans constrain imports effectively, through increasing prices of continuing varieties and the exit of varieties as they become prohibitively expensive. Liberalization events such as the US tariff rate quota have the opposite effect. These effects are large and more binding than most-favoured-nation tariffs — not surprising, as the other measures are more targeted and impose higher costs on specific foreign exporters and origins. Policy-makers should be cognisant of these dynamics when setting trade policy, particularly where structural impediments exist for local producers and when South African consumers ’ disposable income is increasingly constrained.
{"title":"Importer price effects of tariffs in the context of preferential trade agreements: The case of poultry in South Africa","authors":"Jing-Woei Chien, Lawrence Edwards, A. Hlatshwayo","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/475-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/475-5","url":null,"abstract":": Using highly disaggregated customs-transaction-level data, we study the importer price effects of tariffs in the context of preferential trade agreements for South African imports of frozen bone-in chicken. We focus first on the firm-level impact of tariffs on import prices. Findings suggest no pass-through effect from changes in tariffs but our quantity analysis contradicts this, indicating adjustments consistent with higher landed prices. We reconcile this by considering the impact of the extensive margin with the inclusion of zero trade values and find that firms are less likely to trade with higher-tariff origins. Specifically, firms are less likely to continue importing higher-priced varieties from MFN origins in the context of higher most-favoured-nation tariffs. The findings emphasize the importance of varieties, defined as firm-origin combination, in import price analyses. We then move on to more aggregated analysis. After controlling for varieties, tariff pass-through to import prices is virtually complete (91 per cent). We find robust evidence that preference-partner countries take advantage of their tariff preference rent to increase prices. Lastly, we investigate the impact of other trade policy measures on importer prices. Restrictive trade measures such as anti-dumping, safeguards, and avian flu bans constrain imports effectively, through increasing prices of continuing varieties and the exit of varieties as they become prohibitively expensive. Liberalization events such as the US tariff rate quota have the opposite effect. These effects are large and more binding than most-favoured-nation tariffs — not surprising, as the other measures are more targeted and impose higher costs on specific foreign exporters and origins. Policy-makers should be cognisant of these dynamics when setting trade policy, particularly where structural impediments exist for local producers and when South African consumers ’ disposable income is increasingly constrained.","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"10 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/466-3
Margherita Bove, R. Caeiro, Rachel Coelho, Sam Jones, Patricia Justino
{"title":"Cultivating change: the long-term impact of forced labour in Mozambique","authors":"Margherita Bove, R. Caeiro, Rachel Coelho, Sam Jones, Patricia Justino","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/466-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/466-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"63 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2024/464-9
Saumik Paul, D. Raju
{"title":"Mining spillovers and the formal–informal duality in manufacturing and services","authors":"Saumik Paul, D. Raju","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2024/464-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2024/464-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506533,"journal":{"name":"WIDER Working Paper","volume":"998 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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