Vritika Bhardwaj, Ishan Kumar, Priyanka Aggarwal, Pramod Kumar Singh, R. Shukla, A. Verma
Skeletal radiographs along with dental examination are frequently used for age estimation in medicolegal cases where documentary evidence pertaining to age is not available. Wrist and hand radiographs are the most common skeletal radiograph considered for age estimation. Other parts imaged are elbow, shoulder, knee, and hip according to suspected age categories. Age estimation by wrist radiographs is usually done by the Tanner-Whitehouse method where the maturity level of each bone is categorized into stages and a final total score is calculated that is then transformed into the bone age. Careful assessment and interpretation at multiple joints are needed to minimize the error and categorize into age-group. In this article, we aimed to summarize a suitable radiographic examination and interpretation for bone age estimation in living children, adolescents, young adults, and adults for medicolegal purposes.
在没有年龄相关文件证据的法医案件中，骨骼射线照片和牙科检查经常被用来估算年龄。腕部和手部 X 光片是最常用的年龄估计骨骼 X 光片。其他部位包括肘部、肩部、膝部和髋部。通过腕部 X 光片估算年龄通常采用坦纳-怀特豪斯法（Tanner-Whitehouse method），即把每块骨头的成熟度分为几个阶段，然后计算出最终总分，再将总分转化为骨龄。需要对多个关节进行仔细评估和判读，以尽量减少误差并按年龄分组。在本文中，我们旨在总结一种合适的放射学检查和解读方法，用于估算在世儿童、青少年、青年和成年人的骨龄，以达到医学法律目的。
{"title":"Demystifying the Radiography of Age Estimation in Criminal Jurisprudence: A Pictorial Review","authors":"Vritika Bhardwaj, Ishan Kumar, Priyanka Aggarwal, Pramod Kumar Singh, R. Shukla, A. Verma","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778651","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal radiographs along with dental examination are frequently used for age estimation in medicolegal cases where documentary evidence pertaining to age is not available. Wrist and hand radiographs are the most common skeletal radiograph considered for age estimation. Other parts imaged are elbow, shoulder, knee, and hip according to suspected age categories. Age estimation by wrist radiographs is usually done by the Tanner-Whitehouse method where the maturity level of each bone is categorized into stages and a final total score is calculated that is then transformed into the bone age. Careful assessment and interpretation at multiple joints are needed to minimize the error and categorize into age-group. In this article, we aimed to summarize a suitable radiographic examination and interpretation for bone age estimation in living children, adolescents, young adults, and adults for medicolegal purposes.","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to the Letter to the Editor Titled “Neuroimaging Abnormalities in SARS-CoV-2 Infected are More Diverse than Previously Thought and Depend on the Methods Used”","authors":"S. Tiwari, P. Garg","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1777291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play significant roles in assessing patients with dizziness. However, understanding the comparative capabilities of these imaging methods in detecting pathological causes is crucial for determining the most suitable modality. This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of MRI and CT scans in managing patients with acute dizziness in the emergency department. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, British Medical Journals, and ScienceDirect) from 2010 to 2023. We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess bias risk, considering MRI as the reference standard and CT scan as the index test. Results The final analysis included six studies, with 3,993 patients (48% male, 52% female; average age: 56.7 years). Three studies were of high quality, two of medium quality, and one of low quality. Central ischemia was the predominant diagnosis for dizziness. MRI demonstrated higher diagnostic efficacy for stroke compared with CT scans, while mixed results were observed for other multiple diseases when both MRI and CT scans were used. Conclusion MRI outperforms CT scans in diagnosing dizziness-related strokes. However, for other causes of dizziness, there is no significant difference between these techniques. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations associated with MRI. Consequently, to address these concerns, the selection of an imaging technique should be tailored to the individual based on factors such as their clinical presentation, comorbidities, and socioeconomic circumstances.
{"title":"Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Scan versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Emergency Department for the Evaluation of Dizziness: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ishfaq Nabeel Ashiq, Safeer Khan, Adil Yousaf","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1778726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1778726","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play significant roles in assessing patients with dizziness. However, understanding the comparative capabilities of these imaging methods in detecting pathological causes is crucial for determining the most suitable modality. This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of MRI and CT scans in managing patients with acute dizziness in the emergency department.\u0000 Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, British Medical Journals, and ScienceDirect) from 2010 to 2023. We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess bias risk, considering MRI as the reference standard and CT scan as the index test.\u0000 Results The final analysis included six studies, with 3,993 patients (48% male, 52% female; average age: 56.7 years). Three studies were of high quality, two of medium quality, and one of low quality. Central ischemia was the predominant diagnosis for dizziness. MRI demonstrated higher diagnostic efficacy for stroke compared with CT scans, while mixed results were observed for other multiple diseases when both MRI and CT scans were used.\u0000 Conclusion MRI outperforms CT scans in diagnosing dizziness-related strokes. However, for other causes of dizziness, there is no significant difference between these techniques. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations associated with MRI. Consequently, to address these concerns, the selection of an imaging technique should be tailored to the individual based on factors such as their clinical presentation, comorbidities, and socioeconomic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kavya S. Kaushik, Ullas V. Acharya, Paritosh Pandey, Lakshmi Krupa
Orbital infarction syndrome (OIS) is a disease of rare occurrence owing to the rich orbital vascular anastomotic network. We describe a case of a middle-aged female who presented with an acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarct with left terminal internal carotid artery and MCA occlusion, underwent emergency mechanical thrombectomy, and developed painful loss of vision shortly after diagnosed as OIS based on clinical and radiological findings. The rarity and severity of OIS, especially in the setting of mechanical thrombectomy, warrant radiologists to be aware of this entity to ensure preventive measures or aid in prompt diagnosis to institute timely treatment.
{"title":"An Eye Opener for a Blinding Disease—Orbital Infarction Syndrome","authors":"Kavya S. Kaushik, Ullas V. Acharya, Paritosh Pandey, Lakshmi Krupa","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1777011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777011","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital infarction syndrome (OIS) is a disease of rare occurrence owing to the rich orbital vascular anastomotic network. We describe a case of a middle-aged female who presented with an acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarct with left terminal internal carotid artery and MCA occlusion, underwent emergency mechanical thrombectomy, and developed painful loss of vision shortly after diagnosed as OIS based on clinical and radiological findings. The rarity and severity of OIS, especially in the setting of mechanical thrombectomy, warrant radiologists to be aware of this entity to ensure preventive measures or aid in prompt diagnosis to institute timely treatment.","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samarth Gowda, T.S. Ghosh, R. Rajagopal, P. Garg, P. Khera, A. Sinha, Taruna Yadav
Background Trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide among children. Nonoperative management is the standard of care in hemodynamically stable children with blunt abdominal solid organ injury. Embolization is a potential pathway, which has shown increasing evidence for benefit in adult trauma patients. However, the data in children is limited. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of hospital data of all children (<18 years of age), presenting to a tertiary-care trauma center in India, with history of blunt trauma from January 2021 to June 2023, was performed. Preprocedural imaging, angiographic and embolization details, number of blood transfusions, and length of hospital stay were assessed. Results Two hundred and sixteen children (average age: 11.65 years) presented with a history of abdominal trauma during the study period. Eighty four children were FAST positive, out of whom, 67 patients had abdominal solid organ injury on computed tomography. Liver was the most commonly injured solid organ (n = 45), followed by the spleen and kidney. Ten children had solid abdominal organ arterial injuries for which eight children underwent embolization. The average length of hospital stay in embolization group (n = 8) was 4 days, as compared to 11 days in children undergoing operative management (n = 2). At 6 months follow-up, all children were asymptomatic. Conclusion Superselective embolization is a safe and feasible procedure in appropriately selected children with abdominal injury.
{"title":"Outcomes after Embolization in Pediatric Abdominal Solid Organ Injury: A Trauma Center Experience","authors":"Samarth Gowda, T.S. Ghosh, R. Rajagopal, P. Garg, P. Khera, A. Sinha, Taruna Yadav","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide among children. Nonoperative management is the standard of care in hemodynamically stable children with blunt abdominal solid organ injury. Embolization is a potential pathway, which has shown increasing evidence for benefit in adult trauma patients. However, the data in children is limited.\u0000 Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of hospital data of all children (<18 years of age), presenting to a tertiary-care trauma center in India, with history of blunt trauma from January 2021 to June 2023, was performed. Preprocedural imaging, angiographic and embolization details, number of blood transfusions, and length of hospital stay were assessed.\u0000 Results Two hundred and sixteen children (average age: 11.65 years) presented with a history of abdominal trauma during the study period. Eighty four children were FAST positive, out of whom, 67 patients had abdominal solid organ injury on computed tomography. Liver was the most commonly injured solid organ (n = 45), followed by the spleen and kidney. Ten children had solid abdominal organ arterial injuries for which eight children underwent embolization. The average length of hospital stay in embolization group (n = 8) was 4 days, as compared to 11 days in children undergoing operative management (n = 2). At 6 months follow-up, all children were asymptomatic.\u0000 Conclusion Superselective embolization is a safe and feasible procedure in appropriately selected children with abdominal injury.","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vikash Jain, Gowrish P. Kumar, Praful M. Kamani, Ashvin C Karavadiya
Abstract Regardless of the number of vessels involved endovascular recanalization of mesenteric vessels is the treatment of choice for chronic mesenteric ischemia. Reperfusion injury post-endovascular recanalization in chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare clinical scenario as it is mostly encountered in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. Here in, we describe a case with characteristic clinical and imaging findings of reperfusion syndrome, post-endovascular recanalization of chronically occluded superior mesenteric artery and severely stenosed celiac trunk in a patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia.
{"title":"Reperfusion Injury—Post-Endovascular Recanalization in Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Rare Clinical Case Scenario","authors":"Vikash Jain, Gowrish P. Kumar, Praful M. Kamani, Ashvin C Karavadiya","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regardless of the number of vessels involved endovascular recanalization of mesenteric vessels is the treatment of choice for chronic mesenteric ischemia. Reperfusion injury post-endovascular recanalization in chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare clinical scenario as it is mostly encountered in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. Here in, we describe a case with characteristic clinical and imaging findings of reperfusion syndrome, post-endovascular recanalization of chronically occluded superior mesenteric artery and severely stenosed celiac trunk in a patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia.","PeriodicalId":506648,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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