Background: Although several epidemiological studies of asthma have been carried out in Ecuador in the last two decades, none of these has estimated the prevalence of asthma in adult populations.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of asthma symptoms in adults in the city of Quito and to identify possible associated factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects older than 18 years residing in the Metropolitan District of Quito. The Global Asthma Network (GAN) questionnaire was applied to collect information on asthma symptoms and sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were used to identify asthma-related factors.
Results: 2,476 subjects answered the questionnaire (80.9% women, mean age 40 years). The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months, asthma ever, and asthma diagnosed by a doctor were 6.3%, 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis ever and eczema ever was 13.7% and 5.5%. The presence of mould at home (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.48 -3.06; p <0.001), cat at home (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.06 -2.13; p <0.022) and rhinitis at some time (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 2.53 - 5.29; p <0.022) were associated with the presence of wheezing in the last 12 months.
Conclusions: Our study shows that, compared to other cities in Latin America, the prevalence of asthma in adults in Quito is relatively low. Along with the presence of rhinitis, factors related to housing quality are closely linked to the occurrence of asthma in adult populations.
Objective: To establish the association between different dimensions of religiosity - organizational, non-organizational and intrinsic - and physical and functional health indicators in older people in Chile.
Methods: Data from the Fifth Survey on Quality of Life in Old Age 2019 were used. Descriptive and explanatory analyses were performed using logistic, linear and multinomial regression models, with dependent variables being self-perception of health, functional dependence, number of chronic diseases and perception of health compared with other people of the same age. As predictors, indicators of the three dimensions of religiosity (DUREL Scale) were included, controlling for the MOS-SS Social Support Scale, Apgar Family Functioning Scale, educational level, gender, age, and living with a partner.
Results: Almost a third of older Chileans attend religious services frequently, and half of them pray frequently. On a range of 1 to 5, the mean intrinsic religiosity is 3.94. 46% perceive their health to be good/very good and about half perceive their health as better than their peers. On 0 to 5, the mean number of chronic diseases is 1.69. 6% are classified as functionally dependent. The only significant relationship observed was between religious attendance and a lower probability of presenting functional dependency; on the other hand, praying increases such probabilities and a relationship between attendance and a better perception of health compared with other people of the same age.
Conclusion: Organisational religiosity is a psychosocial resource that is positively associated with the process of successful aging.
Introduction: The information permanently produced by population cancer registries is the input used by decision makers of the local and national health systems in order for planning cancer prevention strategies and evaluating the impact of their interventions.
Objective: To determine the incidence and mortality from cancer in the municipality of Pasto Colombia, 2013-2017 period.
Methods: Descriptive observational study of cancer morbidity and mortality. The collection and processing of information was carried out following the recommendations of the IARC. Rates were calculated by sex, age, and tumor location.
Results: The overall incidence of cancer was 3,759 cases; 1,608 in men (AAR= 169.4 cases/100,000 men-year), and 2,151 cases in women (AAR= 176.6 cases/100,000 women-year). The most frequent tumors in men were: prostate (25.9%), stomach (16.5%) and lung (4.8%); and in women: breast (19.7%), thyroid (12.2%) and cervix (10.6%). There were 2,130 cancer deaths, 934 in men (AAR=97.8 deaths/100,000 men-year) and 1,196 deaths in women (AAR=95.1 deaths/100,000 women-year). The main causes of mortality in men were tumors of the stomach (24.8%), prostate (12.8%) and lung (7.5%). In women: breast (12.2%), stomach (11.6%) and cervix (10.0%).
Conclusion: The five-year follow-up of cancer burden indicators allows to make comparisons at both national and international levels, in order to provide the basis for planning and evaluating the implementation of public health policies; especially those related to the prevention and care of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality from cancer in Pasto-Colombia.
Aim: We analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncology service demand in a middle-income country with universal health coverage.
Methods: We collected data from January 1st-2017 to December 31th-2021 at a reference center in Bogotá-Colombia regarding first-time consultations of cross-cutting services (clinical oncology, hematology, palliative care, radiation oncology); specialized multidisciplinary units (breast, prostate, lung, stomach); inpatient and outpatient systemic therapy; radiotherapy; oncology surgery; and bone marrow transplant. A descriptive time series analysis was performed, estimating monthly percent change and endemic channels.
Results: Starting the confinement (April 2020), a general decrease in service demand was observed (R: -14.9% to -90.0%), with an additional but lower decrease in August 2020 coinciding with the first pandemic wave (R: -11.3% to -70.0%). Follow-up visits and ambulatory treatment showed no consistent reductions. New patients' consultations for cross-cutting services had a speedy recovery (1 month), but clinical oncology, specialized units, and in-hospital treatment resumed more slowly. Only breast and stomach cancer showed a sustained reduction in early-stage disease. Women and older patients had a more significant reductionin service demand. Conclusion: Despite no changes in service supply, the confinement induced a significant reduction in service demand. Variations by cancer type, service type, and population demographics deserve careful consideration for a suitable response to the emergency. The speedy recovery and the absence of a significant decrease during subsequent waves of the pandemic suggest patient resiliency and a lower impact than expected in middle-income settings in the presence of universal health insurance.
Background: Population-based cancer survival is an indicator of the effectiveness of cancer services that reflects the survival of all cancer patients in the population, regardless of socioeconomic status and disease characteristics.
Aim: Provision of an up-to-date survival estimate of patients recorded within Cali Population Cancer Registry (RPCC) in 1998-2017. As a second objective, results will be compared with those reported by the CONCORD study for cancers prioritized by the current Ten-Year Cancer Control Plan of Colombia, 2012-2021.
Methods: Adult cancer cases (aged 15 to 99 years) for nine cancer types diagnosed between 1998 and 2017, with follow-up to 2018, were obtained from the RPCC. The 5-year age-standardized net survival estimates (NS) were estimated using the Pohar-Perme. The results for the period 1995- 2014 were compared with those reported by the CONCORD study for the following locations: stomach (C16), breast (C50), cervix (C53), prostate (C61), and lung (C33-34).
Results: Five-year survival estimates for breast and prostate cancers improved ten percentage points through 2007 (70.8 to 81.1 for breast and 79.9 to 90.2 for prostate) and remained stable during 2008-2017. For cervical cancer, survival estimates has remained stable for the last two decades at 53%. For stomach cancer and lung cancer, five-year NS was lower than 25% over the study period. For colorectal cancer, survival estimates increased from 37.9% in 1998-2002 to 54.8% in 2013-2017. Compared to previous 5-year survival estimates of cases diagnosed in 2010-2014, the estimates in this study are significantly higher than those obtained by CONCORD. Survival estimates of patients diagnosed in 1995-2009 showed no difference to CONCORD study.
Conclusions: Periodic update of vital status and date of last contact reduces bias in survival estimates in population-based cancer registries with passive follow-up.
Objective: To describe cancer incidence and mortality trends in Manizales, Colombia, between 2008-2017.
Methods: All incident cancer cases in Manizales collected by the Population-based Manizales Cancer Registry between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, and all deaths caused by cancer in the same period, were included. The population at risk was obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics databases. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex and cancer site. Changes in trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression.
Results: There were 11,188 incident cases, 56.7% in women. There were 4,996 cancer deaths, 52.6% in women. Breast, prostate, stomach, thyroid, lung, and colon cancers accounted for 50% of all incident cases. During this period, the incidence in women decreased and equaled that of men due to a significant decrease in cervical, stomach, and lung cancers, among others; likewise, mortality in women decreased slightly due to the reduction in deaths from cervical, stomach, esophagus, and connective tissue cancers. In contrast, in men, overall incidence and mortality remained unchanged.
Conclusions: In Manizales, population aging has contributed to an increased burden of cancer. In terms of incidence and mortality, progress in the fight against this disease is still discrete. It is a priority to reinforce cancer control strategies with a differential approach by sex.
Objective: To analyze the cervix cancer mortality in Colombia, based on age, period and cohort effects.
Methods: The mortality and population data were taken from the official databases of the National Administrative Department of Statistics, DANE. Five models were adjusted, the significance of the effects was obtained by comparing them through the likelihood ratio test.
Results: The age-adjusted mortality rate, in deaths was 15.09/100,000 woman, at 1985-1989 period, and 10.21 at 2010-2014 period. The annual percentage average change was -1.45% (95% CI: -1.57% to -1.34%). Age, period and cohort effects were found.
Conclusions: Demographic factors could explain the behavior of cervical cancer mortality in Colombia, as well as the establishment of public health measures in the last two decades.
Introduction: Cancer represents a challenge for global public health, since it requires a comprehensive strategy for its control. In this context, the Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) are key actors for the generation of public policies that guarantee their implementation.
Objective: This study analyses the trend in cancer incidence and mortality rates in the city of Quito during the period 1985-2017 and discusses them within the framework of the National Strategy against cancer proposed in 2017 for Ecuador.
Methods: Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates are established using data from the Quito PBCR. For trend analysis of selected locations, joinpoint regression and annual percentage change (APC) are used.
Results: Throughout the study period, there was a sustained increase in both incidence rates (APC male= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.4; APC female= 2.0%, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6), as in mortality rates (APC male= 2.0%, 95% CI: 1.8-2.3; APC female= 1.3%, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6). Cancer incidence and mortality rates of the breast, prostate, colon-rectum, thyroid, and lymphoma increased, while the incidence rates of cervical and stomach cancer initially decreased, then stagnation was observed.
Conclusion: The information presented by the PBCR of Quito serves as a reference for the prognosis of cancer in the country and as a baseline for its control. Actions are urgently required to strengthen cancer prevention and promotion strategies.
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