Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.06
Craig L. Ramsey
A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar applications of magnetized, chelated liquid iron fertilizer for increasing the drought tolerance of two legumes. The study objectives were to determine the drought tolerance effects of four treatments on foliar gas exchange, soil moisture, and plant growth for soybean (Glycine max) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) plants. The plant treatments included applications with chelated liquid iron fertilizer (2.5 and 5%) with a conventional boom sprayer, with and without magnets in the spray lines, and metal halide lamps. Three gas exchange measurements were collected before applying the foliage treatments and after two water stress treatments. A foliage and metal halide lamp treatment deactivated or unlinked nine interconnected gas exchange parameters that are correlated with plant defense activities during water stress conditions. The deactivation of interconnected regulatory gas exchange functions improved metabolic efficiency, reduced stress levels, and boosted plant resilience to abiotic stressors. Also, the study findings suggest that the study treatments maintained or increased the level of biologically structured water in plant tissues and vascular systems.
{"title":"Effects of Magnetized, Chelated Iron Foliage Treatments, and Metal Halide Lamps on Plant Water Structure, Water Vapor Dynamics, and Resilience for Legumes under Water Stress","authors":"Craig L. Ramsey","doi":"10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.06","url":null,"abstract":"A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar applications of magnetized, chelated liquid iron fertilizer for increasing the drought tolerance of two legumes. The study objectives were to determine the drought tolerance effects of four treatments on foliar gas exchange, soil moisture, and plant growth for soybean (Glycine max) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) plants. The plant treatments included applications with chelated liquid iron fertilizer (2.5 and 5%) with a conventional boom sprayer, with and without magnets in the spray lines, and metal halide lamps. Three gas exchange measurements were collected before applying the foliage treatments and after two water stress treatments. A foliage and metal halide lamp treatment deactivated or unlinked nine interconnected gas exchange parameters that are correlated with plant defense activities during water stress conditions. The deactivation of interconnected regulatory gas exchange functions improved metabolic efficiency, reduced stress levels, and boosted plant resilience to abiotic stressors. Also, the study findings suggest that the study treatments maintained or increased the level of biologically structured water in plant tissues and vascular systems.","PeriodicalId":506710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.05
H. D. Lightfoot, Gerald Ratzer, Article Info
The Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in Table 2.14 of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) show the increase in warming by methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) is 21 and 310 times respectively that of CO2. There has been wide acceptance of these values since publishing in 2007. Nevertheless, they are inaccurate. This study uses accurate methods to calculate the impacts of CO2, CH4, and N2O on the warming of the atmosphere. For example, this quantitative analysis from reliable physics shows the contribution of CO2 to warming at Amsterdam is 0.0083oC out of a difference of 26oC. The warming effect of CH4 on the Earth’s atmosphere is 0.408% of that of CO2, and the warming by N2O is 0.085% of that of CO2. Thus, the warming effects of CO2, CH4, and N2O are too small to measure. The invalidity of the methane and nitrous oxide values indicates the GWPs of the remaining approximately sixty chemicals in the Table 2.14 list are also invalid. A recommendation is that the IPCC consider revising or retracting the GWP values in Table 2.14.
{"title":"Reliable Physics Demand Revision of the IPCC Global Warming Potentials","authors":"H. D. Lightfoot, Gerald Ratzer, Article Info","doi":"10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in Table 2.14 of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) show the increase in warming by methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) is 21 and 310 times respectively that of CO2. There has been wide acceptance of these values since publishing in 2007. Nevertheless, they are inaccurate. This study uses accurate methods to calculate the impacts of CO2, CH4, and N2O on the warming of the atmosphere. For example, this quantitative analysis from reliable physics shows the contribution of CO2 to warming at Amsterdam is 0.0083oC out of a difference of 26oC. The warming effect of CH4 on the Earth’s atmosphere is 0.408% of that of CO2, and the warming by N2O is 0.085% of that of CO2. Thus, the warming effects of CO2, CH4, and N2O are too small to measure. The invalidity of the methane and nitrous oxide values indicates the GWPs of the remaining approximately sixty chemicals in the Table 2.14 list are also invalid. A recommendation is that the IPCC consider revising or retracting the GWP values in Table 2.14.","PeriodicalId":506710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","volume":"241 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proppant flowback is a problem in Xinjiang oilfield. It decreases production rate of a fractured oil well, corrodes surface and downhole facilities and increases production costs. Curable resin-coated sand is a common technique to control proppant flowback. This article presents an experimental investigation whether it is feasible to control proppant flowback by use of resin-coated sand and whether resin-coated sand has a negative effect on proppant pack conductivity. It included two kinds of experiments, Proppant flowback experiment measured critical flow rate while the Proppant pack conductivity one measured proppant conductivity. The experimental results of proppant flowback show that the critical flow rate of resin-coated sand is far greater than that of common sand which means proppant flowback would not happen by resin-coated sand tail-in. Compared to Xinjiang sand conductivity, resin-coated sand conductivity is far smaller though it declines slightly which means use of resin-coated sand would lead to conductivity loss and sequentially results in production impairment. Experimental results show that it is feasible to control proppant flowback by use of resin-coated sand and resin-coated sand would affect fracture conductivity of a fractured oil well. Based on the experimental results, resin-coated proppant conductivity can be improved by use of resin-coated ceramic or liquid-resin-coated proppant. The achievements can give a direction towards how to select a resin-coated proppant and how to improve resin-coated proppant.
{"title":"Feasibility of Proppant Flowback Control by Use of Resin-coated Proppant","authors":"Guoying Jiao, Shijie Zhu, Shuaiyong Chang, Jun Wang, Jianian Xu, Zhuangzhuang Huang","doi":"10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2024.20.04","url":null,"abstract":"Proppant flowback is a problem in Xinjiang oilfield. It decreases production rate of a fractured oil well, corrodes surface and downhole facilities and increases production costs. Curable resin-coated sand is a common technique to control proppant flowback. This article presents an experimental investigation whether it is feasible to control proppant flowback by use of resin-coated sand and whether resin-coated sand has a negative effect on proppant pack conductivity. It included two kinds of experiments, Proppant flowback experiment measured critical flow rate while the Proppant pack conductivity one measured proppant conductivity. The experimental results of proppant flowback show that the critical flow rate of resin-coated sand is far greater than that of common sand which means proppant flowback would not happen by resin-coated sand tail-in. Compared to Xinjiang sand conductivity, resin-coated sand conductivity is far smaller though it declines slightly which means use of resin-coated sand would lead to conductivity loss and sequentially results in production impairment. Experimental results show that it is feasible to control proppant flowback by use of resin-coated sand and resin-coated sand would affect fracture conductivity of a fractured oil well. Based on the experimental results, resin-coated proppant conductivity can be improved by use of resin-coated ceramic or liquid-resin-coated proppant. The achievements can give a direction towards how to select a resin-coated proppant and how to improve resin-coated proppant.","PeriodicalId":506710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences","volume":"77 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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