Chimwemwe Ngoma, Apatsa Matatiyo, G. Oke, Y. Adebisi, D. O. Shomuyiwa
This commentary explores how social media influenced public health narratives and responses during two recent health crises, the COVID‐19 global pandemic and the e‐cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic. In the context of COVID‐19 pandemic, social media played a dual role, acting as both a catalyst for information dissemination and a breeding ground for misinformation. This situation highlighted the challenges public health institutions face in navigating online narratives and maintaining public trust during crises. Conversely, the EVALI epidemic shed light on how social media narratives can impact public perception and policy decisions. Initially, attributed to nicotine vaping, subsequent investigations revealed that contaminated cannabis oils containing vitamin E acetate were the actual cause, leading to shifts in public discourse and regulatory considerations. This case underscores the importance of accurate information dissemination to prevent misinterpretations that could negatively impact public health interventions. The commentary also highlights the evolving nature of online narratives and the need for public health agencies to adapt their strategies continually. Fact‐checking programs, public health campaigns, and collaborations with technology companies emerged as critical strategies to combat misinformation and promote evidence‐based practices. However, addressing the root causes of misinformation, such as addressing distrust in institutions, remains an ongoing challenge requiring multifaceted approaches. Looking ahead, controlling online narratives during health crises will continue to present challenges as social media platforms evolve and new challenges emerge. Finding a balance between information sharing and privacy protection while fostering digital literacy skills among the public will be paramount. Collaborative efforts among public health agencies, technology companies, and communities will be essential in navigating and managing online narratives effectively. This commentary underscores the interplay between social media and public health, highlighting the need for strategic interventions, accurate information dissemination, and ongoing adaptation to address emerging challenges in the digital age.
这篇评论探讨了在最近的两次健康危机中，即 COVID-19 全球大流行病和电子烟或电子烟产品使用相关肺损伤（EVALI）流行病中，社交媒体是如何影响公共卫生叙事和应对措施的。在 COVID-19 大流行中，社交媒体扮演了双重角色，既是信息传播的催化剂，也是错误信息的温床。这种情况凸显了公共卫生机构在危机期间驾驭网络叙事和维护公众信任所面临的挑战。与此相反，EVALI疫情揭示了社交媒体叙事如何影响公众认知和政策决策。最初，人们将其归咎于尼古丁吸食，但随后的调查显示，含有醋酸维生素 E 的受污染大麻油才是真正的原因，这导致了公众言论和监管考虑的转变。这一案例强调了准确传播信息的重要性，以防止可能对公共卫生干预措施产生负面影响的误读。评论还强调了网络叙事不断演变的性质，以及公共卫生机构不断调整策略的必要性。事实核查计划、公共卫生运动以及与技术公司的合作成为打击错误信息和促进循证实践的关键策略。然而，解决错误信息的根本原因（如解决对机构的不信任）仍是一项持续的挑战，需要采取多方面的方法。展望未来，随着社交媒体平台的发展和新挑战的出现，在卫生危机期间控制网络言论将继续面临挑战。在信息共享和隐私保护之间找到平衡点，同时培养公众的数字素养技能将是至关重要的。公共卫生机构、技术公司和社区之间的合作对于有效引导和管理在线叙述至关重要。这篇评论强调了社交媒体与公共卫生之间的相互作用，突出了战略干预、准确信息传播和持续适应的必要性，以应对数字时代新出现的挑战。
{"title":"Navigating the digital frontier during the COVID‐19 pandemic and EVALI epidemic: The impact of social media on public health","authors":"Chimwemwe Ngoma, Apatsa Matatiyo, G. Oke, Y. Adebisi, D. O. Shomuyiwa","doi":"10.1002/puh2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.173","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary explores how social media influenced public health narratives and responses during two recent health crises, the COVID‐19 global pandemic and the e‐cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic. In the context of COVID‐19 pandemic, social media played a dual role, acting as both a catalyst for information dissemination and a breeding ground for misinformation. This situation highlighted the challenges public health institutions face in navigating online narratives and maintaining public trust during crises. Conversely, the EVALI epidemic shed light on how social media narratives can impact public perception and policy decisions. Initially, attributed to nicotine vaping, subsequent investigations revealed that contaminated cannabis oils containing vitamin E acetate were the actual cause, leading to shifts in public discourse and regulatory considerations. This case underscores the importance of accurate information dissemination to prevent misinterpretations that could negatively impact public health interventions. The commentary also highlights the evolving nature of online narratives and the need for public health agencies to adapt their strategies continually. Fact‐checking programs, public health campaigns, and collaborations with technology companies emerged as critical strategies to combat misinformation and promote evidence‐based practices. However, addressing the root causes of misinformation, such as addressing distrust in institutions, remains an ongoing challenge requiring multifaceted approaches. Looking ahead, controlling online narratives during health crises will continue to present challenges as social media platforms evolve and new challenges emerge. Finding a balance between information sharing and privacy protection while fostering digital literacy skills among the public will be paramount. Collaborative efforts among public health agencies, technology companies, and communities will be essential in navigating and managing online narratives effectively. This commentary underscores the interplay between social media and public health, highlighting the need for strategic interventions, accurate information dissemination, and ongoing adaptation to address emerging challenges in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Oke, Ifeanyi Nsofor, Bashar Abubakar, D. Lucero‐Prisno, Ademola Peter Sunday, Ernesto Oluwafemi Dibia, E. E. Elebesunu, Obadiah Okpokpo, Odinaka Kingsley Obeta, A. Babatunde, Adebowale Sylvester Adeyemi, P. Adeoye, Edith Nnenna Utaka
Although Nigeria achieved the national leprosy elimination target of less than 1/10,000 population in 1998, factors such as culture, behavioural patterns and social determinants, among others, continue to contribute to an increase in leprosy cases and a poor state of living for individuals with leprosy in Nigeria. This study delves into the experiences of individuals residing in leprosy settlements in Nigeria.This study employed a community‐based cross‐sectional design, utilizing a concurrent mixed‐methods approach for comprehensive data collection. Questionnaires, focus groups and interviews are conducted simultaneously. The research involves participants from seven leprosy communities across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital Territory. Qualitative methods, including 14 focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews, are complemented by quantitative questionnaires, engaging residents, leaders and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives. Respondents comprised 35 leprosy patients, 21 family members, 7 community leaders, 7 settlement officers and 2 organizational heads involved in leprosy control.The results indicate significant access to healthcare (93.7%) and interest in self‐care practices (95.2%), with a considerable proportion (74.6%) receiving free healthcare. Interview data underscore the limited government support, with NGOs and partners assuming a more substantial role. Qualitative insights from persons living with leprosy highlight financial struggles, stigmatization and substandard living conditions in settlements, exacerbated by limited government funding. This reliance on private and NGOs is further compounded by declining funding, hindering individuals’ ability to start businesses and provide self‐care.This study underscores the pressing need for increased government support, funding and better living conditions for individuals affected by leprosy in Nigeria. It highlights the significance of education, awareness campaigns and human rights promotion to combat stigma and enhance the quality of life for those living with leprosy. Moreover, the study advocates for the reintegration of affected individuals into their communities to foster societal inclusion and well‐being.
{"title":"Experience of people living with leprosy at leprosy settlements in Nigeria","authors":"G. Oke, Ifeanyi Nsofor, Bashar Abubakar, D. Lucero‐Prisno, Ademola Peter Sunday, Ernesto Oluwafemi Dibia, E. E. Elebesunu, Obadiah Okpokpo, Odinaka Kingsley Obeta, A. Babatunde, Adebowale Sylvester Adeyemi, P. Adeoye, Edith Nnenna Utaka","doi":"10.1002/puh2.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.171","url":null,"abstract":"Although Nigeria achieved the national leprosy elimination target of less than 1/10,000 population in 1998, factors such as culture, behavioural patterns and social determinants, among others, continue to contribute to an increase in leprosy cases and a poor state of living for individuals with leprosy in Nigeria. This study delves into the experiences of individuals residing in leprosy settlements in Nigeria.This study employed a community‐based cross‐sectional design, utilizing a concurrent mixed‐methods approach for comprehensive data collection. Questionnaires, focus groups and interviews are conducted simultaneously. The research involves participants from seven leprosy communities across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital Territory. Qualitative methods, including 14 focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews, are complemented by quantitative questionnaires, engaging residents, leaders and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives. Respondents comprised 35 leprosy patients, 21 family members, 7 community leaders, 7 settlement officers and 2 organizational heads involved in leprosy control.The results indicate significant access to healthcare (93.7%) and interest in self‐care practices (95.2%), with a considerable proportion (74.6%) receiving free healthcare. Interview data underscore the limited government support, with NGOs and partners assuming a more substantial role. Qualitative insights from persons living with leprosy highlight financial struggles, stigmatization and substandard living conditions in settlements, exacerbated by limited government funding. This reliance on private and NGOs is further compounded by declining funding, hindering individuals’ ability to start businesses and provide self‐care.This study underscores the pressing need for increased government support, funding and better living conditions for individuals affected by leprosy in Nigeria. It highlights the significance of education, awareness campaigns and human rights promotion to combat stigma and enhance the quality of life for those living with leprosy. Moreover, the study advocates for the reintegration of affected individuals into their communities to foster societal inclusion and well‐being.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Weber, Roberto Delgado-Zapata, Melissa Fineman, Andrea Jimenez‐Zambrano, Brigitte A Pfluger, Maureen Cunningham, D. Calvimontes, Elizabeth P. Ryan, Molly M. Lamb
Malnutrition is prevalent throughout southwest Guatemala, where >40% of children suffer from chronic undernutrition. Evidence supports that assessing a community's awareness and readiness to address malnutrition is a critical first step in improving the success of a nutrition intervention program. The objective of this study was to apply the community readiness model (CRM) to assess community readiness to address childhood malnutrition in a rural southwest region of Guatemala.Thirteen key respondents of varied social roles and demographics residing in the region were interviewed. Interview questions related to addressing malnutrition were from the following predefined dimensions: Community Efforts, Community Knowledge of Efforts, Leadership, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts. Interview recordings and notes were analyzed and scored according to the CRM guidelines, and a standardized analysis was conducted.The overall community readiness score was 4.26 (preplanning: awareness of the issue). Community Efforts had a total score of 5 (Preparation: preparing to take action on the issue). Community Knowledge of Efforts, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts Dimensions each had a total score of 4 (Preplanning: awareness of the issue). The overall score for the Leadership dimension was 2 (Denial/resistance: belief that the problem does not exist within the community). These scores demonstrate clear recognition for action to address childhood malnutrition as a problem. However, efforts to combat childhood malnutrition are not yet focused nor detailed for community action.This rural southwest region of Guatemala recognizes that childhood malnutrition is a problem. However, efforts to address malnutrition are not yet focused or detailed enough to have measurable impact in addressing this issue. For the region to advance the stage of community readiness, it is essential to enhance knowledge of dietary strategies aimed at improving nutrition for children and increase engagement from local leadership.
{"title":"Assessment of Community Readiness to Address Malnutrition in Rural Southwest Guatemala","authors":"A. M. Weber, Roberto Delgado-Zapata, Melissa Fineman, Andrea Jimenez‐Zambrano, Brigitte A Pfluger, Maureen Cunningham, D. Calvimontes, Elizabeth P. Ryan, Molly M. Lamb","doi":"10.1002/puh2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.164","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition is prevalent throughout southwest Guatemala, where >40% of children suffer from chronic undernutrition. Evidence supports that assessing a community's awareness and readiness to address malnutrition is a critical first step in improving the success of a nutrition intervention program. The objective of this study was to apply the community readiness model (CRM) to assess community readiness to address childhood malnutrition in a rural southwest region of Guatemala.Thirteen key respondents of varied social roles and demographics residing in the region were interviewed. Interview questions related to addressing malnutrition were from the following predefined dimensions: Community Efforts, Community Knowledge of Efforts, Leadership, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts. Interview recordings and notes were analyzed and scored according to the CRM guidelines, and a standardized analysis was conducted.The overall community readiness score was 4.26 (preplanning: awareness of the issue). Community Efforts had a total score of 5 (Preparation: preparing to take action on the issue). Community Knowledge of Efforts, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts Dimensions each had a total score of 4 (Preplanning: awareness of the issue). The overall score for the Leadership dimension was 2 (Denial/resistance: belief that the problem does not exist within the community). These scores demonstrate clear recognition for action to address childhood malnutrition as a problem. However, efforts to combat childhood malnutrition are not yet focused nor detailed for community action.This rural southwest region of Guatemala recognizes that childhood malnutrition is a problem. However, efforts to address malnutrition are not yet focused or detailed enough to have measurable impact in addressing this issue. For the region to advance the stage of community readiness, it is essential to enhance knowledge of dietary strategies aimed at improving nutrition for children and increase engagement from local leadership.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Jabbar, Attaullah Ahmadi, Nimra Irm, Iqra Naseeb, Shekiba Madadi, D. Lucero‐Prisno
Rabies, commonly referred to as the endemic disease of the impoverished in Pakistan, remains a significant public health concern. Globally, it contributes to over 55,000 fatalities annually, with 31,000 cases reported in Asia, predominantly among children. In Karachi, the yearly occurrence of rabies ranges between 7 and 9.8 cases per million individuals. However, the actual burden is likely underestimated due to underreporting. Key challenges in Pakistan include limited awareness and increasing dog bite incidents. To address this, comprehensive educational programs focusing on proper wound care, the ineffectiveness of homemade remedies, the importance of early medical intervention, and the administration of vaccines and post‐exposure prophylaxis are imperative. Implementing a One Health model, encompassing mass vaccination, cost‐effective treatments, training on intradermal vaccine administration, accurate data collection, and community awareness initiatives, is essential for rabies control. This article aims to provide policymakers and scholars with valuable insights into the primary factors and challenges of controlling endemic human rabies in Pakistan and proposes effective strategies for its control, with the ultimate goal of achieving rabies‐free status by 2030.
{"title":"Rabies in Pakistan: Policies and recommendations","authors":"Abdul Jabbar, Attaullah Ahmadi, Nimra Irm, Iqra Naseeb, Shekiba Madadi, D. Lucero‐Prisno","doi":"10.1002/puh2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.168","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies, commonly referred to as the endemic disease of the impoverished in Pakistan, remains a significant public health concern. Globally, it contributes to over 55,000 fatalities annually, with 31,000 cases reported in Asia, predominantly among children. In Karachi, the yearly occurrence of rabies ranges between 7 and 9.8 cases per million individuals. However, the actual burden is likely underestimated due to underreporting. Key challenges in Pakistan include limited awareness and increasing dog bite incidents. To address this, comprehensive educational programs focusing on proper wound care, the ineffectiveness of homemade remedies, the importance of early medical intervention, and the administration of vaccines and post‐exposure prophylaxis are imperative. Implementing a One Health model, encompassing mass vaccination, cost‐effective treatments, training on intradermal vaccine administration, accurate data collection, and community awareness initiatives, is essential for rabies control. This article aims to provide policymakers and scholars with valuable insights into the primary factors and challenges of controlling endemic human rabies in Pakistan and proposes effective strategies for its control, with the ultimate goal of achieving rabies‐free status by 2030.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140274407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Omohwovo, Kebabonye P. Gabaake, D. Lucero‐Prisno
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, with over 90% of global cases occurring in the region. Poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to water and sanitation contribute to the high prevalence of the disease. Despite efforts to control and prevent the transmission of schistosomiasis, a reduction in the transmission rates has not been realized owing to several challenges. This article highlights the challenges of schistosomiasis control in Africa and recommends strategies for successful interventions. These strategies include prioritizing government backing, investing in academic partnerships, strengthening integrated health programs, targeting communities through the primary healthcare system, and adopting home‐grown solutions. Additionally, it is essential to address the knowledge gap hindering effective control of the disease and the risk of reinfection after treatment. By implementing these strategies, it is possible to achieve the World Health Organization's 2021–2030 goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem and reducing its prevalence of heavy infection to less than 1%.
{"title":"Challenges of schistosomiasis control in Africa: The path ahead","authors":"E. Omohwovo, Kebabonye P. Gabaake, D. Lucero‐Prisno","doi":"10.1002/puh2.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.166","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, with over 90% of global cases occurring in the region. Poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to water and sanitation contribute to the high prevalence of the disease. Despite efforts to control and prevent the transmission of schistosomiasis, a reduction in the transmission rates has not been realized owing to several challenges. This article highlights the challenges of schistosomiasis control in Africa and recommends strategies for successful interventions. These strategies include prioritizing government backing, investing in academic partnerships, strengthening integrated health programs, targeting communities through the primary healthcare system, and adopting home‐grown solutions. Additionally, it is essential to address the knowledge gap hindering effective control of the disease and the risk of reinfection after treatment. By implementing these strategies, it is possible to achieve the World Health Organization's 2021–2030 goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem and reducing its prevalence of heavy infection to less than 1%.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sares-Jäske, H. Tapanainen, Liisa Valsta, Peppi Haario, S. Männistö, M. Vaalavuo
Climate change, health inequalities and obesity are considerable public health challenges of the 21st century. Red and processed meat (RPM) consumption is associated with an increased risk of obesity and with higher climate impact. At the same time, educational inequalities exist not only in RPM consumption and obesity but also in other health behaviours. Thus, we investigated whether educational inequalities exist in the association between RPM consumption and obesity, while also considering health behaviours (physical activity, vegetable, legume and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and smoking) as potential confounding and effect modifying factors.The FinHealth 2017 Study data, including 4494 participants aged 18–74 years, were used. A validated food frequency questionnaire was employed to determine dietary intake. Height and weight were measured by trained study nurses. Linear and logistic regression models were used.Odds of obesity increased along with RPM consumption in women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001) and in each educational group regardless of other unfavourable health behaviours. Only in men with basic education were the differences between RPM consumption categories not statistically significant. Compared to those with high education and the lowest RPM consumption, those with basic education and the highest RPM consumption had multiple odds of obesity (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) among women: 7.5 (2.7–20.4); among men: 5.3 (2.5–11.1)).High RPM consumption appears to be associated with obesity independently of other unfavourable health behaviours or education, yet the odds are higher with basic education. Targeting unhealthy dietary patterns with heavy ecological burden could help reduce both health inequalities and mitigate climate change.
{"title":"Meat consumption and obesity: A climate‐friendly way to reduce health inequalities","authors":"L. Sares-Jäske, H. Tapanainen, Liisa Valsta, Peppi Haario, S. Männistö, M. Vaalavuo","doi":"10.1002/puh2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.163","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, health inequalities and obesity are considerable public health challenges of the 21st century. Red and processed meat (RPM) consumption is associated with an increased risk of obesity and with higher climate impact. At the same time, educational inequalities exist not only in RPM consumption and obesity but also in other health behaviours. Thus, we investigated whether educational inequalities exist in the association between RPM consumption and obesity, while also considering health behaviours (physical activity, vegetable, legume and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and smoking) as potential confounding and effect modifying factors.The FinHealth 2017 Study data, including 4494 participants aged 18–74 years, were used. A validated food frequency questionnaire was employed to determine dietary intake. Height and weight were measured by trained study nurses. Linear and logistic regression models were used.Odds of obesity increased along with RPM consumption in women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001) and in each educational group regardless of other unfavourable health behaviours. Only in men with basic education were the differences between RPM consumption categories not statistically significant. Compared to those with high education and the lowest RPM consumption, those with basic education and the highest RPM consumption had multiple odds of obesity (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) among women: 7.5 (2.7–20.4); among men: 5.3 (2.5–11.1)).High RPM consumption appears to be associated with obesity independently of other unfavourable health behaviours or education, yet the odds are higher with basic education. Targeting unhealthy dietary patterns with heavy ecological burden could help reduce both health inequalities and mitigate climate change.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Maatouk, Orestis Germanos, Anna‐Maria Aad, Georges Gandour, J. M. A. Buban, Ralph Maatouk, Michelle Zeina, S. Budhathoki, D. Lucero‐Prisno
COVID‐19 hit Lebanon at the worst time, amid an economic downward spiral and national protests regarding living conditions and political corruption. The first case was found on February 21, 2020, and the first batch of vaccines arrived on March 24, 2021. Although neither natural infection nor mass vaccination truly provided herd immunity, the latter was a more effective way to handle the pandemic, and Lebanon fell short on that path. During the pandemic, a myriad of factors complicated its response to the virus. Thanks to the COVAX program, the country received 1086,720 doses donated and 1626,390 deliveries. All in all, over 5.8 million doses have been administered. A total of 2.74 million people received at least one dose, and 2.4 million had a complete primary vaccination series. However, around 98% of the population were infected with the virus. Issues that stopped the vaccination campaigns include a lack of trust in government officials and news media, leading to false information propagating and remaining unchallenged online. Other factors include the economic collapse, which led to the Lebanese currency losing over 98% of its initial worth. Some Lebanese people might find themselves either unable to reach proper health facilities or unwilling to adopt the narrative pushed by the political elite. Poverty also worsened affected infected individuals’ prognosis and mortality. A bigger emphasis must be put on reaching individuals with disabilities or in low‐income areas, as they were the most affected by the pandemic. Problems these communities face include the lack of funding for special education schools and the lack of accessibility to medical information promoted by the government. Lebanon must learn from the issues that arose during this pandemic and focus on fixing them in advance to prepare for any other health emergency that might turn up in the future.
{"title":"COVID‐19 herd immunity in Lebanon: Challenges and prospects","authors":"Christopher Maatouk, Orestis Germanos, Anna‐Maria Aad, Georges Gandour, J. M. A. Buban, Ralph Maatouk, Michelle Zeina, S. Budhathoki, D. Lucero‐Prisno","doi":"10.1002/puh2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.167","url":null,"abstract":"COVID‐19 hit Lebanon at the worst time, amid an economic downward spiral and national protests regarding living conditions and political corruption. The first case was found on February 21, 2020, and the first batch of vaccines arrived on March 24, 2021. Although neither natural infection nor mass vaccination truly provided herd immunity, the latter was a more effective way to handle the pandemic, and Lebanon fell short on that path. During the pandemic, a myriad of factors complicated its response to the virus. Thanks to the COVAX program, the country received 1086,720 doses donated and 1626,390 deliveries. All in all, over 5.8 million doses have been administered. A total of 2.74 million people received at least one dose, and 2.4 million had a complete primary vaccination series. However, around 98% of the population were infected with the virus. Issues that stopped the vaccination campaigns include a lack of trust in government officials and news media, leading to false information propagating and remaining unchallenged online. Other factors include the economic collapse, which led to the Lebanese currency losing over 98% of its initial worth. Some Lebanese people might find themselves either unable to reach proper health facilities or unwilling to adopt the narrative pushed by the political elite. Poverty also worsened affected infected individuals’ prognosis and mortality. A bigger emphasis must be put on reaching individuals with disabilities or in low‐income areas, as they were the most affected by the pandemic. Problems these communities face include the lack of funding for special education schools and the lack of accessibility to medical information promoted by the government. Lebanon must learn from the issues that arose during this pandemic and focus on fixing them in advance to prepare for any other health emergency that might turn up in the future.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Okesanya, Khlood Fathi Hassan Alnaeem, H. K. Hassan, Adebimpe Tolutope Oso, Olaniyi Abideen Adigun, O. Bouaddi, N. O. Olaleke, Sara Gabrallah M kheir, Usman Abubakar Haruna, D. O. Shomuyiwa, E. Manirambona, Melat Tesfaye Asebot
The global pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals underscores the importance of combating inequality, with climate change emerging as a significant threat, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This commentary explores the profound impact of climate change on the lives of women in Africa, shedding light on a critical issue where 80% of the female population in LMICs grapples with its far‐reaching consequences. Climate change is exacerbating existing gender disparities, particularly within the realms of agriculture, livelihoods, and resource access. Barriers like limited training and technology access hinder effective adaptation, perpetuating discrimination. Rooted deeply in social and cultural norms, the consequences of climate change negatively impact the human rights of women, resulting in increased vulnerability to illnesses, malnutrition, limited housing, and restricted support services. Health risks, including malaria transmission and respiratory diseases, further compound existing challenges, leading to increased rates of anemia, violence against women, alarming spikes in child marriages, and socio‐economic consequences. Integrated policies emphasizing gender mainstreaming, multisectoral approaches, and closing gender gaps in asset ownership are crucial to addressing these challenges. Education, training, and upskilling opportunities are essential to empowering women to confront climate change, further advocating for the development and enforcement of laws and policies recognizing gender differences and safeguarding women's rights. Moreover, there is a need for integrated solutions to foster sustainable development in Africa, as climate change is not a standalone issue but rather intertwines with various aspects of life. By advocating for policies that promote gender equality, education, and resource access, it seeks to pave the way for a more resilient and empowered female population, capable of navigating the complexities of climate change and contributing to the broader goal of sustainable development on the African continent.
{"title":"The intersectional impact of climate change and gender inequalities in Africa","authors":"O. Okesanya, Khlood Fathi Hassan Alnaeem, H. K. Hassan, Adebimpe Tolutope Oso, Olaniyi Abideen Adigun, O. Bouaddi, N. O. Olaleke, Sara Gabrallah M kheir, Usman Abubakar Haruna, D. O. Shomuyiwa, E. Manirambona, Melat Tesfaye Asebot","doi":"10.1002/puh2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.169","url":null,"abstract":"The global pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals underscores the importance of combating inequality, with climate change emerging as a significant threat, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This commentary explores the profound impact of climate change on the lives of women in Africa, shedding light on a critical issue where 80% of the female population in LMICs grapples with its far‐reaching consequences. Climate change is exacerbating existing gender disparities, particularly within the realms of agriculture, livelihoods, and resource access. Barriers like limited training and technology access hinder effective adaptation, perpetuating discrimination. Rooted deeply in social and cultural norms, the consequences of climate change negatively impact the human rights of women, resulting in increased vulnerability to illnesses, malnutrition, limited housing, and restricted support services. Health risks, including malaria transmission and respiratory diseases, further compound existing challenges, leading to increased rates of anemia, violence against women, alarming spikes in child marriages, and socio‐economic consequences. Integrated policies emphasizing gender mainstreaming, multisectoral approaches, and closing gender gaps in asset ownership are crucial to addressing these challenges. Education, training, and upskilling opportunities are essential to empowering women to confront climate change, further advocating for the development and enforcement of laws and policies recognizing gender differences and safeguarding women's rights. Moreover, there is a need for integrated solutions to foster sustainable development in Africa, as climate change is not a standalone issue but rather intertwines with various aspects of life. By advocating for policies that promote gender equality, education, and resource access, it seeks to pave the way for a more resilient and empowered female population, capable of navigating the complexities of climate change and contributing to the broader goal of sustainable development on the African continent.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alain Mirindi, A. Kayinamura, A. Ndibaza, Liliane Uwamahoro, Dieudonne Ndatimana, Ferdinand Bikorimana, Christian Mazimpaka, Richard Kalisa
In Rwanda, health posts (HPs) are intermediary primary care facilities that provide comprehensive primary care services to communities and are located at a reasonable walking distance from people's homes. We assessed the readiness of HPs for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) services and examined changes in the quality of care for IMCI services between districts that implemented IMCI mentorship program (Nyanza district) and Huye district which it did not.We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess whether there was change in the quality of IMCI care provided at 17 Nyanza HPs 1‐year after IMCI mentorship implementation. The readiness of HPs for IMCI was assessed across nine factors, resulting in essential (all factors) and desirable (less than seven factors) composite scores. Unpaired t‐tests were used to measure changes in IMCI quality.The HPs with IMCI mentorship had an increase in mean desirable (0.7–0.89) and essential (0.61–0.78) composite scores compared to non‐mentored HPs in Huye. The nurses who received mentorship program had improved scores in factors like IMCI training, service package availability, register availability, supportive supervision, and basic equipment availability. Quality improvements in IMCI assessments were observed in vital sign registration, danger sign detection, cough identification, malnutrition screening, and tuberculosis sign identification in the mentored HPs.Mentorship of nurses in HPs holds promise for enhancing facility readiness and IMCI service quality. Before expanding clinical mentorship, identified gaps such as staffing, supply chains, and health financing need to be addressed.
{"title":"Integrated management of childhood illness in Rwanda: Impact of mentorship on the quality of care in Nyanza and Huye districts","authors":"Alain Mirindi, A. Kayinamura, A. Ndibaza, Liliane Uwamahoro, Dieudonne Ndatimana, Ferdinand Bikorimana, Christian Mazimpaka, Richard Kalisa","doi":"10.1002/puh2.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.170","url":null,"abstract":"In Rwanda, health posts (HPs) are intermediary primary care facilities that provide comprehensive primary care services to communities and are located at a reasonable walking distance from people's homes. We assessed the readiness of HPs for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) services and examined changes in the quality of care for IMCI services between districts that implemented IMCI mentorship program (Nyanza district) and Huye district which it did not.We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess whether there was change in the quality of IMCI care provided at 17 Nyanza HPs 1‐year after IMCI mentorship implementation. The readiness of HPs for IMCI was assessed across nine factors, resulting in essential (all factors) and desirable (less than seven factors) composite scores. Unpaired t‐tests were used to measure changes in IMCI quality.The HPs with IMCI mentorship had an increase in mean desirable (0.7–0.89) and essential (0.61–0.78) composite scores compared to non‐mentored HPs in Huye. The nurses who received mentorship program had improved scores in factors like IMCI training, service package availability, register availability, supportive supervision, and basic equipment availability. Quality improvements in IMCI assessments were observed in vital sign registration, danger sign detection, cough identification, malnutrition screening, and tuberculosis sign identification in the mentored HPs.Mentorship of nurses in HPs holds promise for enhancing facility readiness and IMCI service quality. Before expanding clinical mentorship, identified gaps such as staffing, supply chains, and health financing need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jayarathna, B. K. Dassanayake, T. Dorji, D. Lucero‐Prisno, S. Samarasinghe, Vasanthi Pinto, M. D. Lamawansa
Liver diseases lead to 1.3 million deaths per year around the world, the majority of which are secondary to cirrhosis. In the management of liver diseases in chronic and acute conditions, liver transplant (LT) plays a major role in improving the survival and quality of life of patients. LT programmes require the technical capabilities in performing the pre‐transplant evaluation, transplant surgery and post‐transplant care supported by adequate infrastructure and a set of trained teams. Globally, there were 28,000 deceased donor LTs, and 14,000 living donor LTs were performed in 2021. In the South Asia region, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka conducted 2998 LTs in 2021. Many countries report sociocultural, religious and legislative barriers to acquiring adequate donor livers. We describe the challenges in LT programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries and experiences from Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka carried out its first LT in 2010, and the service is provided free of charge in the state health sector. In Sri Lanka, the common indications for LT in adults are non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease. In children, the indications are biliary atresia, hepatocellular carcinoma and Wilson disease. The common challenges include a lack of an adequate number of doctors and post‐transplant team members, a low number of organ donors and a long waiting list, all of which can be disadvantageous for transplant programmes. To continue providing LT services, there is a need to adopt multimodal strategies in the areas of providing additional skills training to the operating team and promoting organ donation culture in the background of supportive organ donation legislation. With the adoption of the national strategic plan for organ, tissue and cell transplantation, the country hopes to strengthen its capacity of providing transplant services to its people.
{"title":"Challenges of liver transplantation programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An experience from Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Jayarathna, B. K. Dassanayake, T. Dorji, D. Lucero‐Prisno, S. Samarasinghe, Vasanthi Pinto, M. D. Lamawansa","doi":"10.1002/puh2.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.162","url":null,"abstract":"Liver diseases lead to 1.3 million deaths per year around the world, the majority of which are secondary to cirrhosis. In the management of liver diseases in chronic and acute conditions, liver transplant (LT) plays a major role in improving the survival and quality of life of patients. LT programmes require the technical capabilities in performing the pre‐transplant evaluation, transplant surgery and post‐transplant care supported by adequate infrastructure and a set of trained teams. Globally, there were 28,000 deceased donor LTs, and 14,000 living donor LTs were performed in 2021. In the South Asia region, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka conducted 2998 LTs in 2021. Many countries report sociocultural, religious and legislative barriers to acquiring adequate donor livers. We describe the challenges in LT programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries and experiences from Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka carried out its first LT in 2010, and the service is provided free of charge in the state health sector. In Sri Lanka, the common indications for LT in adults are non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease. In children, the indications are biliary atresia, hepatocellular carcinoma and Wilson disease. The common challenges include a lack of an adequate number of doctors and post‐transplant team members, a low number of organ donors and a long waiting list, all of which can be disadvantageous for transplant programmes. To continue providing LT services, there is a need to adopt multimodal strategies in the areas of providing additional skills training to the operating team and promoting organ donation culture in the background of supportive organ donation legislation. With the adoption of the national strategic plan for organ, tissue and cell transplantation, the country hopes to strengthen its capacity of providing transplant services to its people.","PeriodicalId":506750,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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