The explainable boosting machine (EBM) model measures China’s provincial eco-efficiency, and the Tobit regression model reveals internal driving factors to provide consultation for promoting China’s green development based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2018. The findings of this article are as follows: provincial-level regional ecological efficiency is low, growth is slow, regional differentiation is significant, and development still has a trend of incoordination and multi-polarization. From the perspective of global autocorrelation, the Moran index is significantly positive, and the province eco-efficiency of the first grade presents a positive spatial correlation and has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. The regression analysis results show that the economic level, the FDI, the level of technological innovation, and the level of human capital are the main influencing factors of eco-efficiency, and there are spatial differences. Relevant suggestions are based on the status and influencing factors of the unbalanced development heterogeneity of provincial eco-efficiency in China.
{"title":"Evaluation of China’s provincial eco-efficiency with the explainable boosting machine (EBM) model and Tobit regression","authors":"Haili Li, Penghui Xu, Shi Guo","doi":"10.20937/rica.54455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54455","url":null,"abstract":"The explainable boosting machine (EBM) model measures China’s provincial eco-efficiency, and the Tobit regression model reveals internal driving factors to provide consultation for promoting China’s green development based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2018. The findings of this article are as follows: provincial-level regional ecological efficiency is low, growth is slow, regional differentiation is significant, and development still has a trend of incoordination and multi-polarization. From the perspective of global autocorrelation, the Moran index is significantly positive, and the province eco-efficiency of the first grade presents a positive spatial correlation and has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration. The regression analysis results show that the economic level, the FDI, the level of technological innovation, and the level of human capital are the main influencing factors of eco-efficiency, and there are spatial differences. Relevant suggestions are based on the status and influencing factors of the unbalanced development heterogeneity of provincial eco-efficiency in China.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"195 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ferrer-Sánchez, Andy Jafet Ramírez Castillo, A. Plasencia-Vázquez, F. Abasolo-Pacheco
La calidad del agua en las cuencas hídricas depende de varios factores y en Ecuador muchos ríos se encuentran contaminados por impacto antrópico. Este estudio evaluó la influencia de diferentes usos de suelo y la fragmentación del paisaje sobre las características físicas y químicas del río Teaone, Ecuador. Se ubicaron ocho puntos de muestreo por uso de suelo (ganadería, sistemas agroforestales, bosques y zonas urbanas) donde se midieron temperatura, turbiedad, sólidos disueltos totales (SDT), pH, conductividad eléctrica, oxígeno disuelto (OD) y salinidad. Se registró el tipo de vegetación, ancho del caudal, sustrato y profundidad del agua. Se crearon parcelas circulares digitales para calcular indicadores de la estructura y fragmentación del paisaje (índice de bordes, dominancia e índice de fragmentación), e indicadores espectrales a través de índices de vegetación como el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI, por su sigla en inglés), el índice de vegetación mejorado (EVI), y bandas del infrarrojo cercano (NIR), del rojo y azul. Varios parámetros físicos y químicos estuvieron dentro de los límites permisibles (turbidez = –38.7 UNT, pH = 8.1, conductividad eléctrica = 365 μS/cm, temperatura = 26.0 ºC, salinidad = 0.15 UPS). Sin embargo, el OD y los SDT quedaron fuera de los límites en todos los usos de suelo (OD = 4.04, SDT = 186.1 mg/L). El pastizal tuvo mayor número de fragmentos (12.1), seguido de los poblados (9.4). Para el NIR, el EVI y el NDVI se observaron valores altos en bosque nativo, agroforestal y ganadería y el menor valor en la zona urbana. Los parámetros demuestran que los sistemas agroforestales y bosques nativos mantienen una buena calidad de agua, mientras que en la zona ganadera y urbana la calidad decrece.
{"title":"Impacto del uso de suelo y la fragmentación del paisaje sobre la calidad del agua del río Teaone en Ecuador","authors":"Y. Ferrer-Sánchez, Andy Jafet Ramírez Castillo, A. Plasencia-Vázquez, F. Abasolo-Pacheco","doi":"10.20937/rica.54900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54900","url":null,"abstract":"La calidad del agua en las cuencas hídricas depende de varios factores y en Ecuador muchos ríos se encuentran contaminados por impacto antrópico. Este estudio evaluó la influencia de diferentes usos de suelo y la fragmentación del paisaje sobre las características físicas y químicas del río Teaone, Ecuador. Se ubicaron ocho puntos de muestreo por uso de suelo (ganadería, sistemas agroforestales, bosques y zonas urbanas) donde se midieron temperatura, turbiedad, sólidos disueltos totales (SDT), pH, conductividad eléctrica, oxígeno disuelto (OD) y salinidad. Se registró el tipo de vegetación, ancho del caudal, sustrato y profundidad del agua. Se crearon parcelas circulares digitales para calcular indicadores de la estructura y fragmentación del paisaje (índice de bordes, dominancia e índice de fragmentación), e indicadores espectrales a través de índices de vegetación como el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI, por su sigla en inglés), el índice de vegetación mejorado (EVI), y bandas del infrarrojo cercano (NIR), del rojo y azul. Varios parámetros físicos y químicos estuvieron dentro de los límites permisibles (turbidez = –38.7 UNT, pH = 8.1, conductividad eléctrica = 365 μS/cm, temperatura = 26.0 ºC, salinidad = 0.15 UPS). Sin embargo, el OD y los SDT quedaron fuera de los límites en todos los usos de suelo (OD = 4.04, SDT = 186.1 mg/L). El pastizal tuvo mayor número de fragmentos (12.1), seguido de los poblados (9.4). Para el NIR, el EVI y el NDVI se observaron valores altos en bosque nativo, agroforestal y ganadería y el menor valor en la zona urbana. Los parámetros demuestran que los sistemas agroforestales y bosques nativos mantienen una buena calidad de agua, mientras que en la zona ganadera y urbana la calidad decrece.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to improve data coverage and data collection efficiency, the design method for a remote collection system of ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland is proposed. The hardware design of the remote information acquisition system is realized through the overall structure design, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), system outline design, system logic design, and system module division. The information is acquired by polling, and the acquisition frequency is adjusted according to the actual situation and user needs. In the system software design, the Scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) is used to extract the image features of the estuarine wetland, and a support vector machine is used to cluster the collected information according to the image features to realize the remote acquisition of water demand information of the estuarine wetland. The experimental results show that the maximum data coverage of the proposed method is 95%, and the data acquisition time is less than 0.2 h, indicating that the proposed method has high information acquisition efficiency and high data coverage.
{"title":"Design of remote acquisition system for ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland","authors":"Jiansheng Cao, Xinxi Bi, Yuanyuan Yang, Xiaobo Guo","doi":"10.20937/rica.54607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54607","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve data coverage and data collection efficiency, the design method for a remote collection system of ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland is proposed. The hardware design of the remote information acquisition system is realized through the overall structure design, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), system outline design, system logic design, and system module division. The information is acquired by polling, and the acquisition frequency is adjusted according to the actual situation and user needs. In the system software design, the Scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) is used to extract the image features of the estuarine wetland, and a support vector machine is used to cluster the collected information according to the image features to realize the remote acquisition of water demand information of the estuarine wetland. The experimental results show that the maximum data coverage of the proposed method is 95%, and the data acquisition time is less than 0.2 h, indicating that the proposed method has high information acquisition efficiency and high data coverage.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"107 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work aimed to evaluate the production of sulfide through the application of different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and different sulfate loading rates in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor utilizing acetate-butyrate as electron donors and the coupling of the reactor to a crystallizer to remove metals. The sulfidogenic sludge for the UASB was generated from hydrothermal vent sediments and this was operated at room temperature (18-22 ºC). The sulfate reduction process was linked to the precipitation of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ in a crystallizer coupled to the UASB reactor (two-stage system) to avoid the toxicity of the metals to the sludge. The concentration of dissolved sulfide increased with the HRT up to 312.9 mg HS–/L at 3 d of HRT. As the sulfate loading rate was increasing, the maximum sulfide concentration obtained was of 376.8 mg HS–/L at 500 mg SO4–2/L/d (1500 mg/L), whereas the concentration of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ was up to 150, 100, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ were higher than 98% when they were fed separately. When a mixture of metals was added, the removal efficiency was close to 80%. Recovery of metals was lower than 57% in all cases. The sulfide production was supported with acetate-butyrate, being the former commonly accumulated because of the oxidation of higher organic compounds; in this case, its utilization sustained sulfate reduction. This process could be controlled by parameters such as HRT and sulfate loading rate to improve the performance of the bioreactor in the treatment of the effluents contaminated with metals in a two-stage system.
{"title":"Effect of hydraulic retention time on sulfide production with sludge from hydrothermal vent sediments and its utilization on the removal of Cu, Zn, and Al","authors":"Emir Martínez-Gutiérrez, Claudia Guerrero Barajas","doi":"10.20937/rica.54566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54566","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to evaluate the production of sulfide through the application of different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and different sulfate loading rates in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor utilizing acetate-butyrate as electron donors and the coupling of the reactor to a crystallizer to remove metals. The sulfidogenic sludge for the UASB was generated from hydrothermal vent sediments and this was operated at room temperature (18-22 ºC). The sulfate reduction process was linked to the precipitation of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ in a crystallizer coupled to the UASB reactor (two-stage system) to avoid the toxicity of the metals to the sludge. The concentration of dissolved sulfide increased with the HRT up to 312.9 mg HS–/L at 3 d of HRT. As the sulfate loading rate was increasing, the maximum sulfide concentration obtained was of 376.8 mg HS–/L at 500 mg SO4–2/L/d (1500 mg/L), whereas the concentration of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ was up to 150, 100, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ were higher than 98% when they were fed separately. When a mixture of metals was added, the removal efficiency was close to 80%. Recovery of metals was lower than 57% in all cases. The sulfide production was supported with acetate-butyrate, being the former commonly accumulated because of the oxidation of higher organic compounds; in this case, its utilization sustained sulfate reduction. This process could be controlled by parameters such as HRT and sulfate loading rate to improve the performance of the bioreactor in the treatment of the effluents contaminated with metals in a two-stage system.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Mancho Alonso, Laura Daniela Victorino Jiménez, Sergio Diez Pascual, Juan Alonso Canto, Mar Gil Díaz, P. García-Gonzalo, M. C. Lobo Bedmar
Soil is a non-renewable natural resource essential for obtaining food. Anthropogenic activities threaten this resource by exposing it to different pollutants, such as metals and metalloids, which can alter its functionality and threaten human health through the intake of food contaminated with these elements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic amendments, compost (CP) and biochar (BC) in a phytoremediation process of a soil contaminated with arsenic (As) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. For this purpose, germination tests and a greenhouse assay were carried out applying two doses of each amendment, 5 and 10% to As-contaminated soil using Lactuca sativa L. as control plant. The application of CP showed a decrease in the As bioavailability in the soil (from 1.95 mg/kg in control soil to 1.77 in CP 5% and 1.45 in CP 10%), decreasing the translocation to the aerial part and enhancing the development of plants, being this effect dose-dependent. The treatments with BC caused an increase in As bioavailability in the soil, allowing its translocation to the aerial part of the plants and affecting its development. In soil, both amendments increased organic matter content observing the greatest increases with CP. Moreover, using CP, an increase in the nutrients analyzed (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na) was observed, as well as an increase in the total As content at the 10% dose. The enzymatic activity of the soils treated with CP increased significantly, whereas inhibition of most of the evaluated activities was observed with BC treatments. The application of CP led to an As immobilizing effect, decreasing As availability and preventing its translocation to plants. At the same time, it contributed to soil remediation, improving its fertility. Finally, the used BC mobilized As, which negatively affected the development of the lettuce plants, as well as the biological activity of the soil.
{"title":"Organic amendments application effect on a contaminated soil with arsenic","authors":"Carolina Mancho Alonso, Laura Daniela Victorino Jiménez, Sergio Diez Pascual, Juan Alonso Canto, Mar Gil Díaz, P. García-Gonzalo, M. C. Lobo Bedmar","doi":"10.20937/rica.55052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.55052","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is a non-renewable natural resource essential for obtaining food. Anthropogenic activities threaten this resource by exposing it to different pollutants, such as metals and metalloids, which can alter its functionality and threaten human health through the intake of food contaminated with these elements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two organic amendments, compost (CP) and biochar (BC) in a phytoremediation process of a soil contaminated with arsenic (As) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. For this purpose, germination tests and a greenhouse assay were carried out applying two doses of each amendment, 5 and 10% to As-contaminated soil using Lactuca sativa L. as control plant. The application of CP showed a decrease in the As bioavailability in the soil (from 1.95 mg/kg in control soil to 1.77 in CP 5% and 1.45 in CP 10%), decreasing the translocation to the aerial part and enhancing the development of plants, being this effect dose-dependent. The treatments with BC caused an increase in As bioavailability in the soil, allowing its translocation to the aerial part of the plants and affecting its development. In soil, both amendments increased organic matter content observing the greatest increases with CP. Moreover, using CP, an increase in the nutrients analyzed (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na) was observed, as well as an increase in the total As content at the 10% dose. The enzymatic activity of the soils treated with CP increased significantly, whereas inhibition of most of the evaluated activities was observed with BC treatments. The application of CP led to an As immobilizing effect, decreasing As availability and preventing its translocation to plants. At the same time, it contributed to soil remediation, improving its fertility. Finally, the used BC mobilized As, which negatively affected the development of the lettuce plants, as well as the biological activity of the soil.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"63 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fátima de los Angeles Espejo-Montes, H. Solís-Correa, Jersáin Gomez-Nuñez, Julio César Beltrán-Rocha, U. López-Chuken, S. Gómez-Salazar, I. Barceló-Quintal
The Río Puerta Grande stream is in the Tarango micro-basin ravine in Mexico City and is considered environmental value area (EVA) due to its ecological importance. However, despite this, urban sewage is discharged into the stream. A physical, chemical, and biological characterization of its waters was realized in 2020 during the dry season and after the rainy season. As part of the analytical results, in situ and ex-situ parameter spatial distribution maps of seven sampling sites were obtained using ArcGIS software’s inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation tool. The variation in concentration for each parameter during the two seasons is shown on the maps, where red indicates the highest concentration and blue is the lowest. At the residual discharge sites, the concentration increased during the dry season; specific parameters in the period after the rainy season decreased due to a dilution effect, whereas others increased, such as fecal coliform, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). BOD revealed high concentrations during the dry season when it was influenced by urban discharge but decreased following the rainy season. Despite the low dissolved oxygen value between 4.39 and 3.80 mg/L, the stream does not currently show anoxia. Regarding the overall water quality index (WQI) during both periods, the stream’s water quality at all sites was “Highly contaminated,” according to Montoya et al. According to León-Dinius, the WQI was “Bad” in both seasons and in the period after the rainy season, it was deemed “Bad” and “Very bad”. The contaminants that should be considered as producing the most risk are organic matter (as reflected by BOD) and bacteriological pollutants.
{"title":"Spatial modeling of physical and chemical parameters for the evaluation of the Río Puerta Grande stream in Mexico City","authors":"Fátima de los Angeles Espejo-Montes, H. Solís-Correa, Jersáin Gomez-Nuñez, Julio César Beltrán-Rocha, U. López-Chuken, S. Gómez-Salazar, I. Barceló-Quintal","doi":"10.20937/rica.54873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54873","url":null,"abstract":"The Río Puerta Grande stream is in the Tarango micro-basin ravine in Mexico City and is considered environmental value area (EVA) due to its ecological importance. However, despite this, urban sewage is discharged into the stream. A physical, chemical, and biological characterization of its waters was realized in 2020 during the dry season and after the rainy season. As part of the analytical results, in situ and ex-situ parameter spatial distribution maps of seven sampling sites were obtained using ArcGIS software’s inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation tool. The variation in concentration for each parameter during the two seasons is shown on the maps, where red indicates the highest concentration and blue is the lowest. At the residual discharge sites, the concentration increased during the dry season; specific parameters in the period after the rainy season decreased due to a dilution effect, whereas others increased, such as fecal coliform, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). BOD revealed high concentrations during the dry season when it was influenced by urban discharge but decreased following the rainy season. Despite the low dissolved oxygen value between 4.39 and 3.80 mg/L, the stream does not currently show anoxia. Regarding the overall water quality index (WQI) during both periods, the stream’s water quality at all sites was “Highly contaminated,” according to Montoya et al. According to León-Dinius, the WQI was “Bad” in both seasons and in the period after the rainy season, it was deemed “Bad” and “Very bad”. The contaminants that should be considered as producing the most risk are organic matter (as reflected by BOD) and bacteriological pollutants.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"168 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Esparza-May, Magdalena E. Bérges-Tiznado, Carolina Bojórquez-Sánchez, Y. E. Torres-Rojas, F. Páez-Osuna
Se evaluó la concentración de zinc (Zn) y cobre (Cu) en 43 muestras de hígado y 77 de músculos del tiburón cabeza de pala (Sphyrna tiburo), como indicador del estado de salud de las costas de Campeche durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2019. Las comparaciones entre tejidos muestran consistentemente una menor concentración en el músculo (Zn = 19.8 ± 20.3 mg/kg; Cu = 0.67 ± 0.02 mg/kg) en comparación con el hígado (Zn = 31.0 ± 18.7 mg/kg; Cu = 3.56 ± 0.97 mg/kg). La concentración de Zn en el hígado fue influenciada por el sexo, ya que los niveles de Zn en el hígado de las hembras (34.8 ± 19.50 mg/kg) fue significativamente mayor que en el de los machos (24.5 ± 15.95 mg/kg). Se observó una disminución en la concentración de ambos metales a través de los años tanto en hígado (Zn 2015 = 32.5, 2016 = 31.8, 2019 = 14.7 y Cu 2015 = 3.36, 2016 = 3.89, 2019 = 3.18), como en músculo (Zn2015 = 15.0, 2016 =32.0, 2019 = 4.20 y Cu 2015 = 0.69, 2016 = 0.67, 2019 = 0.24). La concentración de Zn y Cu en músculo no sobrepasó los límites máximos permitidos por normas internacionales para consumo humano (Zn = 40 mg/kg, Cu = 10 mg/kg), por lo tanto, se puede concluir que S. tiburo como bioindicador de salud referente a estos dos oligoelementos, actualmente no representa un riesgo para la salud de los consumidores.
{"title":"Primer registro de concentración de zinc y cobre en Sphyrna tiburo: bioindicador de la salud de la costa de Campeche, México","authors":"Teresa Esparza-May, Magdalena E. Bérges-Tiznado, Carolina Bojórquez-Sánchez, Y. E. Torres-Rojas, F. Páez-Osuna","doi":"10.20937/rica.54635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54635","url":null,"abstract":"Se evaluó la concentración de zinc (Zn) y cobre (Cu) en 43 muestras de hígado y 77 de músculos del tiburón cabeza de pala (Sphyrna tiburo), como indicador del estado de salud de las costas de Campeche durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2019. Las comparaciones entre tejidos muestran consistentemente una menor concentración en el músculo (Zn = 19.8 ± 20.3 mg/kg; Cu = 0.67 ± 0.02 mg/kg) en comparación con el hígado (Zn = 31.0 ± 18.7 mg/kg; Cu = 3.56 ± 0.97 mg/kg). La concentración de Zn en el hígado fue influenciada por el sexo, ya que los niveles de Zn en el hígado de las hembras (34.8 ± 19.50 mg/kg) fue significativamente mayor que en el de los machos (24.5 ± 15.95 mg/kg). Se observó una disminución en la concentración de ambos metales a través de los años tanto en hígado (Zn 2015 = 32.5, 2016 = 31.8, 2019 = 14.7 y Cu 2015 = 3.36, 2016 = 3.89, 2019 = 3.18), como en músculo (Zn2015 = 15.0, 2016 =32.0, 2019 = 4.20 y Cu 2015 = 0.69, 2016 = 0.67, 2019 = 0.24). La concentración de Zn y Cu en músculo no sobrepasó los límites máximos permitidos por normas internacionales para consumo humano (Zn = 40 mg/kg, Cu = 10 mg/kg), por lo tanto, se puede concluir que S. tiburo como bioindicador de salud referente a estos dos oligoelementos, actualmente no representa un riesgo para la salud de los consumidores.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"210 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tania Guadalupe Osorio-Montor, O. Castelán-Ortega, V. Saynes-Santillán, Francisco Salazar-Sperberg, Francisca Avilés-Nova
El N2O tiene un potencial de calentamiento global de 300 veces mayor que el CO2 y en los sistemas silvopastoriles, la orina es una fuente de emisión de N2O. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la dieta para bovinos a base de Leucaena leucocephala sobre las emisiones de N2O en parche de orina simulado en un sistema silvopastoril. Se utilizó una pradera de Cynodon plectostachyus y se realizaron 13 muestreos durante marzo - abril de 2021. Los tratamientos fueron A: 20 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 100 % heno de C. plectostachyus + 0 % de L. leucocephala, B: 36 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 16 % de L. leucocephala + 84 % de C. plectostachyus y C: 79 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 33 % de L. leucocephala + 67 % de C. plectostachyus Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron cámaras de acero inoxidable cerradas estáticas para la obtención de muestras de gases a los 0, 10, 20 y 30 minutos. Se registraron la temperatura ambiental, pH, humedad, contenidos de nitrato y amonio en el suelo. Se analizaron los datos con el programa estadístico SAS 9.0. El flujo de emisión de N2O (μg m2/h) entre tratamientos no presentó diferencias significativas. El pico de emisión se observó en el cuarto día de muestreo en los tratamientos (A: 17.49, B: 23.71 y C: 22.88 μg N2O N m2/h). Además, existió una correlación positiva entre el flujo de N2O y la humedad del suelo. El incremento de la cantidad de L. leucocephala en la dieta de los animales no influyó sobre la emisión de N2O, debido a la concentración de urea en la orina. Sin embargo, se observó una correlación positiva con la humedad del suelo.
一氧化二氮的全球升温潜能值比二氧化碳高 300 倍，而在林牧系统中，尿液是一氧化二氮的排放源。这项研究的目的是评估以 Leucaena leucocephala 为基础的牛日粮对造林牧业系统中模拟尿液区 N2O 排放的影响。研究使用了一种仙人掌牧草，在 2021 年 3-4 月间采集了 13 个样本。处理方法为：A：每公顷 20 千克尿素来自饲喂 100 % C. plectostachyus 干草 + 0 % L. leucocephala 的牛的尿液；B：每公顷 36 千克尿素来自饲喂 16 % L. leucocephala + 84 % C. plectostachyus 干草 + 0 % L. leucocephala 的牛的尿液；B：每公顷 36 千克尿素来自饲喂 16 % C. plectostachyus 干草 + 0 % L. leucocephala + 0 % L. leucocephala 的牛的尿液。采用完全随机设计，四次重复。在 0、10、20 和 30 分钟时，使用静态封闭不锈钢室采集气体样本。记录了土壤中的环境温度、pH 值、湿度、硝酸盐和铵的含量。数据使用 SAS 9.0 统计程序进行分析。不同处理之间的 N2O 排放通量（μg m2/h）并无显著差异。各处理的排放峰值出现在第四个采样日（A：17.49、B：23.71 和 C：22.88 μg N2O N m2/h）。此外，N2O 通量与土壤湿度呈正相关。由于尿液中尿素的浓度，增加动物饮食中的鹅掌楸含量不会影响 N2O 的排放。不过，观察到N2O通量与土壤湿度呈正相关。
{"title":"Efecto de la dieta para bovinos a base de Leucaena leucocephala en las emisiones de N2O en parche de orina simulado en un sistema silvopastoril en la época de estiaje","authors":"Tania Guadalupe Osorio-Montor, O. Castelán-Ortega, V. Saynes-Santillán, Francisco Salazar-Sperberg, Francisca Avilés-Nova","doi":"10.20937/rica.54585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54585","url":null,"abstract":"El N2O tiene un potencial de calentamiento global de 300 veces mayor que el CO2 y en los sistemas silvopastoriles, la orina es una fuente de emisión de N2O. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la dieta para bovinos a base de Leucaena leucocephala sobre las emisiones de N2O en parche de orina simulado en un sistema silvopastoril. Se utilizó una pradera de Cynodon plectostachyus y se realizaron 13 muestreos durante marzo - abril de 2021. Los tratamientos fueron A: 20 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 100 % heno de C. plectostachyus + 0 % de L. leucocephala, B: 36 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 16 % de L. leucocephala + 84 % de C. plectostachyus y C: 79 kg de urea/ha a partir de orina de bovinos alimentados con 33 % de L. leucocephala + 67 % de C. plectostachyus Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron cámaras de acero inoxidable cerradas estáticas para la obtención de muestras de gases a los 0, 10, 20 y 30 minutos. Se registraron la temperatura ambiental, pH, humedad, contenidos de nitrato y amonio en el suelo. Se analizaron los datos con el programa estadístico SAS 9.0. El flujo de emisión de N2O (μg m2/h) entre tratamientos no presentó diferencias significativas. El pico de emisión se observó en el cuarto día de muestreo en los tratamientos (A: 17.49, B: 23.71 y C: 22.88 μg N2O N m2/h). Además, existió una correlación positiva entre el flujo de N2O y la humedad del suelo. El incremento de la cantidad de L. leucocephala en la dieta de los animales no influyó sobre la emisión de N2O, debido a la concentración de urea en la orina. Sin embargo, se observó una correlación positiva con la humedad del suelo.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"207 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gómez, Andrés Pighin, Maira Gollo, Ayelén Nistal, E. Villagra
Uno de los problemas más importantes relacionados con los desechos plásticos es la producción de MP (MP), cuya acumulación en diferentes taxones ha sido registrada. Recientemente se ha demostrado, a través de muestreo de campo, que los líquenes son capaces de acumular MP. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar experimentalmente la acumulación y deposición de MP en tres especies de líquenes de los géneros Usnea, Ramalina y Punctelia. Medimos el peso, la absorción de agua y la dimensión fractal de cada talo. En condiciones de laboratorio, expusimos 12 talos de cada especie a tres diferentes dosis de MP en suspensión acuosa (3, 6 y 12 MP/mL) durante una semana. Se extrajeron y contabilizaron los MP acumulados y depositados. La acumulación fue despreciable. Modelamos la deposición con modelos lineales generales. La variable dimensión fractal fue la única que se relacionó significativamente con los MP depositados. Estos resultados sugieren que, en comunidades con complejidad estructural mayor, medidas en la dimensión fractal, se encontrarán niveles mayores de MP depositados.
{"title":"Primera aproximación experimental referente a la acumulación y deposición de microplásticos en líquenes","authors":"J. Gómez, Andrés Pighin, Maira Gollo, Ayelén Nistal, E. Villagra","doi":"10.20937/rica.54843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.54843","url":null,"abstract":"Uno de los problemas más importantes relacionados con los desechos plásticos es la producción de MP (MP), cuya acumulación en diferentes taxones ha sido registrada. Recientemente se ha demostrado, a través de muestreo de campo, que los líquenes son capaces de acumular MP. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar experimentalmente la acumulación y deposición de MP en tres especies de líquenes de los géneros Usnea, Ramalina y Punctelia. Medimos el peso, la absorción de agua y la dimensión fractal de cada talo. En condiciones de laboratorio, expusimos 12 talos de cada especie a tres diferentes dosis de MP en suspensión acuosa (3, 6 y 12 MP/mL) durante una semana. Se extrajeron y contabilizaron los MP acumulados y depositados. La acumulación fue despreciable. Modelamos la deposición con modelos lineales generales. La variable dimensión fractal fue la única que se relacionó significativamente con los MP depositados. Estos resultados sugieren que, en comunidades con complejidad estructural mayor, medidas en la dimensión fractal, se encontrarán niveles mayores de MP depositados.","PeriodicalId":506819,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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