Two species of procyonid (Nasua nasua and Procyon cancrivorus) and one species of mephitid (Conepatus chinga) have long been documented to occur in Paraguay, but very little has been published about their ecology in the country since the early 19th Century works of Azara and Rengger. Data on the distribution and status of these species in the country is collated from museum specimens, published literature and reliable observations to provide a basis for future research. A hierarchical approach is taken towards types of record and maps are provided that distinguish these for all species. All three species remain common in the Chaco region west of the Paraguay River, and all are considered of Least Concern. However, this region is experiencing high levels of deforestation and data to assess the potential declines of the species is unavailable. The two species of procyonid are also widespread in the Oriental region, but the status of Conepatus chinga there is unclear. There are multiple reports from the Atlantic Forest region but documentation is limited to fecal molecular samples. Clarifying the distribution of that species in the Oriental region is a priority for research.
{"title":"Status and distribution of Paraguayan Procyonidae and Mephitidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)","authors":"Paul Smith, Sergio D. Ríos","doi":"10.4081/nhs.2024.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.727","url":null,"abstract":"Two species of procyonid (Nasua nasua and Procyon cancrivorus) and one species of mephitid (Conepatus chinga) have long been documented to occur in Paraguay, but very little has been published about their ecology in the country since the early 19th Century works of Azara and Rengger. Data on the distribution and status of these species in the country is collated from museum specimens, published literature and reliable observations to provide a basis for future research. A hierarchical approach is taken towards types of record and maps are provided that distinguish these for all species. All three species remain common in the Chaco region west of the Paraguay River, and all are considered of Least Concern. However, this region is experiencing high levels of deforestation and data to assess the potential declines of the species is unavailable. The two species of procyonid are also widespread in the Oriental region, but the status of Conepatus chinga there is unclear. There are multiple reports from the Atlantic Forest region but documentation is limited to fecal molecular samples. Clarifying the distribution of that species in the Oriental region is a priority for research.","PeriodicalId":506977,"journal":{"name":"Natural History Sciences","volume":"304 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1885 Lojacono-Pojero described Cistus skanbergi, also known as the dwarf pink rockrose, from the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily, Italy). Despite becoming extinct in its type locality and being very rare in the Mediterranean Basin, during the last decades the plant corresponding to this name, a natural hybrid between C. parviflorus Lam. and C. monspeliensis L., has been successfully cultivated and introduced worldwide for ornamental purposes. The search carried out in several European herbaria allowed to select as lectotype a specimen collected by Lojacono-Pojero and kept at the herbarium of Kew, to detect other isolectotypes, kept in the herbaria of Geneva and Palermo, and to detect another syntype corresponding to a specimen collected by Gussone and currently kept at the herbarium of Palermo.
Lojacono-Pojero 于 1885 年描述了兰佩杜萨岛（意大利西西里岛）的 Cistus skanbergi，又称矮粉红岩蔷薇。尽管这种植物在其原产地已经灭绝，在地中海盆地也非常罕见，但在过去几十年中，这种由 C. parviflorus Lam.和 C. monspeliensis L.天然杂交而成的植物已被成功栽培并引入世界各地用于观赏。通过在欧洲多家标本馆进行检索，我们选择了由 Lojacono-Pojero 采集并保存在邱园标本馆的一个标本作为讲座原型，发现了保存在日内瓦和巴勒莫标本馆的其他同选型，并发现了与 Gussone 采集并保存在巴勒莫标本馆的一个标本相对应的另一个同选型。
{"title":"Typification of the name Cistus × skanbergii Lojac., a rare rockrose extinct in its type locality","authors":"Salvatore Pasta, A. Troìa","doi":"10.4081/nhs.2024.665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.665","url":null,"abstract":"In 1885 Lojacono-Pojero described Cistus skanbergi, also known as the dwarf pink rockrose, from the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily, Italy). Despite becoming extinct in its type locality and being very rare in the Mediterranean Basin, during the last decades the plant corresponding to this name, a natural hybrid between C. parviflorus Lam. and C. monspeliensis L., has been successfully cultivated and introduced worldwide for ornamental purposes. The search carried out in several European herbaria allowed to select as lectotype a specimen collected by Lojacono-Pojero and kept at the herbarium of Kew, to detect other isolectotypes, kept in the herbaria of Geneva and Palermo, and to detect another syntype corresponding to a specimen collected by Gussone and currently kept at the herbarium of Palermo.","PeriodicalId":506977,"journal":{"name":"Natural History Sciences","volume":"757 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The River Mignone (Tarquinia, Viterbo, central Italy) is one of the best preserved watercourses in Lazio. Here, in April and May of the years 2020-2023, a conspicuous contingent of Alosa fallax (Lacépède 1803) was reported. The frenetic behaviour of the individuals observed, some of which showed swollen bellies and considerable size, suggested that this watercourse may represent a potential new breeding station for this threatened migratory euryhaline fish species. The correct recognition of the sex of A. fallax in the field, problematic during the breeding season, is crucial for understanding its population structure as indicators of possible reproduction. To this end, statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test) of 20 morphometric measurements made on individuals captured and subsequently released revealed significant differences between the sexes for seven morphometric characters, confirming a sex ratio compatible with reproduction. However, the presence of a transverse dam with no fish ladder and the dispersion of biocides from farmland in the final stretch may represent a serious threat to effective reproduction.
{"title":"A new possible breeding site of Alosa fallax (Lacépède 1803) (Actinopterygii: Clupeiformes: Alosidae) on the Tyrrhenian coast of Central Italy","authors":"V. Ferri, Paolo Crescia, C. Soccini, S. Celletti","doi":"10.4081/nhs.2024.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.682","url":null,"abstract":"The River Mignone (Tarquinia, Viterbo, central Italy) is one of the best preserved watercourses in Lazio. Here, in April and May of the years 2020-2023, a conspicuous contingent of Alosa fallax (Lacépède 1803) was reported. The frenetic behaviour of the individuals observed, some of which showed swollen bellies and considerable size, suggested that this watercourse may represent a potential new breeding station for this threatened migratory euryhaline fish species. The correct recognition of the sex of A. fallax in the field, problematic during the breeding season, is crucial for understanding its population structure as indicators of possible reproduction. To this end, statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U-test) of 20 morphometric measurements made on individuals captured and subsequently released revealed significant differences between the sexes for seven morphometric characters, confirming a sex ratio compatible with reproduction. However, the presence of a transverse dam with no fish ladder and the dispersion of biocides from farmland in the final stretch may represent a serious threat to effective reproduction.","PeriodicalId":506977,"journal":{"name":"Natural History Sciences","volume":"591 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although generally regarded as keystone species within forest communities, woodpeckers (Picidae) remain understudied in the Philippines. We describe for the first time the breeding biology and behaviour of the IUCN Near Threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris based on observations from a single active nest found in a standing dead Parkia timoriana tree at the Subic Watershed Forest Reserve, Zambales, Luzon, Philippines. The nest was observed from late February to May 2022 for a total of 63.7 hours. The cavity was 16.4 m from the ground and had opening dimensions (L x W) of 9.0 x 8.0 cm and a depth of 37.0 cm. Breeding of M. funebris lasted ≈76-83 days from nest excavation (≈27 days) to fledging. The brood size was two. Both parents were involved in nest building and chick-rearing activities. The male M. funebris contributed more hours during nest building and diurnal incubation whereas the female dominated feeding of nestlings and nest sanitation during the time of fledging. We recommend the retention of standing dead trees as nesting sites for woodpeckers and already existing holes for other cavity-nesting fauna.
{"title":"First description of the breeding biology and behaviour of the near threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris (Valenciennes 1826) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Luzon Island, Philippines","authors":"Vince Angelo G. Gicaraya, C. Española","doi":"10.4081/nhs.2024.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.701","url":null,"abstract":"Although generally regarded as keystone species within forest communities, woodpeckers (Picidae) remain understudied in the Philippines. We describe for the first time the breeding biology and behaviour of the IUCN Near Threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris based on observations from a single active nest found in a standing dead Parkia timoriana tree at the Subic Watershed Forest Reserve, Zambales, Luzon, Philippines. The nest was observed from late February to May 2022 for a total of 63.7 hours. The cavity was 16.4 m from the ground and had opening dimensions (L x W) of 9.0 x 8.0 cm and a depth of 37.0 cm. Breeding of M. funebris lasted ≈76-83 days from nest excavation (≈27 days) to fledging. The brood size was two. Both parents were involved in nest building and chick-rearing activities. The male M. funebris contributed more hours during nest building and diurnal incubation whereas the female dominated feeding of nestlings and nest sanitation during the time of fledging. We recommend the retention of standing dead trees as nesting sites for woodpeckers and already existing holes for other cavity-nesting fauna.","PeriodicalId":506977,"journal":{"name":"Natural History Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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