Horticultural crops are rich in constituents such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals important for human health. Under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, rhizospheric bacteria are powerful sources of phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and Plant growth regulators including cytokines, ammonia, nitrogen, siderophores, phosphate, and extra cellular enzymes. These phytohormones help horticultural crops grow both directly and indirectly. In recent agricultural practices, the massive use of chemical fertilizers causes a major loss of agricultural land that can be resolved by using the potent plant growth-promoting rhizospheric bacteria that protect the agricultural and horticultural crops from the adverse effect of phytopathogens and increase crop quality and yield. This review highlights the role of multifunctional rhizospheric bacteria in the growth promotion of horticultural crops in greenhouse conditions and agricultural fields. The relevance of plant growth hormones in horticultural crops highlighted in the current study is crucial for sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Rhizospheric bacteria: Potent source of phytohormones and phytostimulants for horticultural plants in agronomy","authors":"Jagruti V. Chauhan, S. Gohel","doi":"10.24294/th.v7i2.4980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v7i2.4980","url":null,"abstract":"Horticultural crops are rich in constituents such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals important for human health. Under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, rhizospheric bacteria are powerful sources of phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and Plant growth regulators including cytokines, ammonia, nitrogen, siderophores, phosphate, and extra cellular enzymes. These phytohormones help horticultural crops grow both directly and indirectly. In recent agricultural practices, the massive use of chemical fertilizers causes a major loss of agricultural land that can be resolved by using the potent plant growth-promoting rhizospheric bacteria that protect the agricultural and horticultural crops from the adverse effect of phytopathogens and increase crop quality and yield. This review highlights the role of multifunctional rhizospheric bacteria in the growth promotion of horticultural crops in greenhouse conditions and agricultural fields. The relevance of plant growth hormones in horticultural crops highlighted in the current study is crucial for sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"17 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mamatha Rani, Pratheepa Velumani, Jaganmohan Rangarajan, Vincent Hema, Vidyalakshmi Rajagopal
Fruits are a source of vitamins. Mango is one of the abundantly nutritional fruits. Vitamin B9, or folic acid, is one of the important vital amines due to its role in preventing neural deficiency. Several beneficial micro-organisms are used for the synthesis of folic acid. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized folic acid as compared to other organisms. There were five different concentrations of mango pulp that were analyzed for folic acid synthesis (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%). The initial concentration of pulp was 133.37 mg kg−1, but after fermentation with four micro-organisms it got reduced. As compared to the other three organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesizes 17.15 mg kg−1, 30.14 mg kg−1, 28.62 mg kg−1, 21.70 mg kg−1, and 21.78 mg kg−1, respectively, at different pulp concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15, 20%, and 30%. Vitamin C increased to 320 mg as compared to the control, and there was no significant difference between the four micro-organisms. Antioxidants also showed positive results at different concentrations of pulp. There was an increase in titratable acidity and a decrease in pH recorded for the 24 h fermentation period. In this variety, the color of mango pulp slightly changes to yellow shades due to the breakdown of pigments, so this effects the *b value in between the pulp concentrations. Data supports the enrichment of folic acid, which will further support the utilization of beneficial micro-organisms in food beverages.
{"title":"Mango (Mangifera indica L) var Banganapalli: Impact of in-situ intervention on folic acid concentration and its changes in physicochemical property","authors":"Mamatha Rani, Pratheepa Velumani, Jaganmohan Rangarajan, Vincent Hema, Vidyalakshmi Rajagopal","doi":"10.24294/th.v7i1.3485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v7i1.3485","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are a source of vitamins. Mango is one of the abundantly nutritional fruits. Vitamin B9, or folic acid, is one of the important vital amines due to its role in preventing neural deficiency. Several beneficial micro-organisms are used for the synthesis of folic acid. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized folic acid as compared to other organisms. There were five different concentrations of mango pulp that were analyzed for folic acid synthesis (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%). The initial concentration of pulp was 133.37 mg kg−1, but after fermentation with four micro-organisms it got reduced. As compared to the other three organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesizes 17.15 mg kg−1, 30.14 mg kg−1, 28.62 mg kg−1, 21.70 mg kg−1, and 21.78 mg kg−1, respectively, at different pulp concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15, 20%, and 30%. Vitamin C increased to 320 mg as compared to the control, and there was no significant difference between the four micro-organisms. Antioxidants also showed positive results at different concentrations of pulp. There was an increase in titratable acidity and a decrease in pH recorded for the 24 h fermentation period. In this variety, the color of mango pulp slightly changes to yellow shades due to the breakdown of pigments, so this effects the *b value in between the pulp concentrations. Data supports the enrichment of folic acid, which will further support the utilization of beneficial micro-organisms in food beverages. ","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saroj Dhakal, Jahidul Hassan, M. R. Rajib, Totan Kumar Ghosh, J. Gomasta, Md. Sanaullah Biswas, Yukio Ozaki, Shayla Hedayet Shanta, Md. Mamunur Rahman
Highly nutritive and antioxidants-enriched okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) gets sub-optimal field yield due to the irregular germination coupled with non-synchronized harvests. Hence, the research aimed at assessing the combined impact of seed priming and field-level gibberellic acid (GA3) foliar spray on the yield and post-harvest quality of okra. The lab studies were conducted using a complete randomized design (CRD), while the field trials were performed following a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Okra seeds were subjected to ten different priming methods to assess their impact on seed germination and seeding vigor. In the premier step, okra seeds were subjected to ten different priming methods, like hydro priming for 6, 12, and 18 h, halo priming with 3% NaCl at 35 ℃, 45 ℃, and 60 ℃, acid priming with 80% H2SO4 for 2.5, 5, and 10 min. Based on the observation, hydro priming for 12 h exhibited the best germination rate (90%), followed by halo seed priming at 60 ℃ and acid priming for 5 min. Furthermore, the halo priming at 60 ℃ demonstrated the greatest seedling vigor index (1965), whereas acid priming for 5 min resulted in favorable outcomes in terms of early emergence in 2.66 days. In addition, varying concentrations of GA3 (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) were also administered to the best three primed seedlings for evaluating their field performance. The findings indicated that applying GA3 at a concentration of 300 ppm to seedlings raised through acid priming (80% H2SO4 for 5 min) resulted in improved leaf length, reduced time to flowering (first and 50%) and harvest, increased pod diameter, individual pod weight, and yield per plant (735.16 g). Additionally, the treatment involving GA3 at 300 ppm with halo priming (3% NaCl) at 60 ℃ exhibited the longest shelf life (21 days) of okra with the lowest levels of rotting (6.73%) and color change (1.12) in the polyethylene storage condition.
{"title":"Seed priming and GA3 field application enhanced growth, yield and postharvest quality of okra","authors":"Saroj Dhakal, Jahidul Hassan, M. R. Rajib, Totan Kumar Ghosh, J. Gomasta, Md. Sanaullah Biswas, Yukio Ozaki, Shayla Hedayet Shanta, Md. Mamunur Rahman","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3578","url":null,"abstract":"Highly nutritive and antioxidants-enriched okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) gets sub-optimal field yield due to the irregular germination coupled with non-synchronized harvests. Hence, the research aimed at assessing the combined impact of seed priming and field-level gibberellic acid (GA3) foliar spray on the yield and post-harvest quality of okra. The lab studies were conducted using a complete randomized design (CRD), while the field trials were performed following a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Okra seeds were subjected to ten different priming methods to assess their impact on seed germination and seeding vigor. In the premier step, okra seeds were subjected to ten different priming methods, like hydro priming for 6, 12, and 18 h, halo priming with 3% NaCl at 35 ℃, 45 ℃, and 60 ℃, acid priming with 80% H2SO4 for 2.5, 5, and 10 min. Based on the observation, hydro priming for 12 h exhibited the best germination rate (90%), followed by halo seed priming at 60 ℃ and acid priming for 5 min. Furthermore, the halo priming at 60 ℃ demonstrated the greatest seedling vigor index (1965), whereas acid priming for 5 min resulted in favorable outcomes in terms of early emergence in 2.66 days. In addition, varying concentrations of GA3 (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) were also administered to the best three primed seedlings for evaluating their field performance. The findings indicated that applying GA3 at a concentration of 300 ppm to seedlings raised through acid priming (80% H2SO4 for 5 min) resulted in improved leaf length, reduced time to flowering (first and 50%) and harvest, increased pod diameter, individual pod weight, and yield per plant (735.16 g). Additionally, the treatment involving GA3 at 300 ppm with halo priming (3% NaCl) at 60 ℃ exhibited the longest shelf life (21 days) of okra with the lowest levels of rotting (6.73%) and color change (1.12) in the polyethylene storage condition.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashi S. Udumann, Nuwandhya S. Dissanayaka, T. D. Nuwarapaksha, Eranga P. Thelwadana, A. Atapattu
The coconut industry has deep historical and economic importance in Sri Lanka, but coconut palms are vulnerable to water stress exacerbated by environmental challenges. This study explored using Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) in major coconut-growing soils in Sri Lanka to improve resilience to water stress. The study was conducted at the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka to evaluate the growth of Sunn hemp in prominent coconut soils—gravel, loamy, and sandy—to determine its cover crop potential. Sunn hemp was planted in pots with the three soil types, arranged in a randomized, complete design with 48 replicates. Growth parameters like plant height, shoot/root dry weight, root length, and leaf area were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. Soil type significantly impacted all growth parameters. After 8 weeks, sandy soil showed the highest plant height and root length, while loamy soil showed the highest shoot/root dry weight and leaf area, followed by sandy and gravel soils. Nitrogen content at 6 and 8 weeks was highest in loamy soil plants. In summary, Sunn hemp produces more biomass in sandy soils, while loamy soils promote greater nutrient accumulation and growth. This suggests the suitability of Sunn hemp as a cover crop across major coconut-growing soils in Sri Lanka, improving resilience.
{"title":"Assessing the growth potential of Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) as a cover crop for major coconut-growing soils","authors":"Shashi S. Udumann, Nuwandhya S. Dissanayaka, T. D. Nuwarapaksha, Eranga P. Thelwadana, A. Atapattu","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3579","url":null,"abstract":"The coconut industry has deep historical and economic importance in Sri Lanka, but coconut palms are vulnerable to water stress exacerbated by environmental challenges. This study explored using Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) in major coconut-growing soils in Sri Lanka to improve resilience to water stress. The study was conducted at the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka to evaluate the growth of Sunn hemp in prominent coconut soils—gravel, loamy, and sandy—to determine its cover crop potential. Sunn hemp was planted in pots with the three soil types, arranged in a randomized, complete design with 48 replicates. Growth parameters like plant height, shoot/root dry weight, root length, and leaf area were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. Soil type significantly impacted all growth parameters. After 8 weeks, sandy soil showed the highest plant height and root length, while loamy soil showed the highest shoot/root dry weight and leaf area, followed by sandy and gravel soils. Nitrogen content at 6 and 8 weeks was highest in loamy soil plants. In summary, Sunn hemp produces more biomass in sandy soils, while loamy soils promote greater nutrient accumulation and growth. This suggests the suitability of Sunn hemp as a cover crop across major coconut-growing soils in Sri Lanka, improving resilience.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"59 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinnow production is hampered due to the lack of micronutrient applications such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), which play a significant role in the metabolic activities of the plant, affecting yield and quality. The farmers of the region use mineral micronutrient fertilizers, but it leads to phytotoxicity due to unoptimized fertilizer application dose. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to optimize the Zn, Mn, and Fe minerals dose as tank mix foliar application for improvement of fruit yield, quality, and uptake of nutrients. The twelve combinations of different doses of zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, and ferrous sulphate fertilizers replicated three times were tested at kinnow orchards established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bathinda, Punjab, India. The data revealed that the fruit drop was significantly low in the treatment F12 (43.4%) (tank mix spray of 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.2% MnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 ) compared to control treatment. The fruit yield per tree was significantly higher in the treatment F12 compared to untreated control. The juice percentage was also recorded higher in treatment F12 as compared to control, and the juice percentage improved by 2.6%. The leaf nutrient analysis also revealed translocation of higher amount of nutrient from leaf to fruit under optimized supply of micronutrient. Thus, the application of tank mix spray of 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.2% MnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 may be used for better fruit yield and quality.
{"title":"Optimizing the Zn, Mn, and Fe mineral dose as tank mix foliar application for improvement of fruit yield, quality, and uptake of nutrients in the kinnow mandarin","authors":"Sarvpriya Singh, Jagdish Singh, S. S. Dhaliwal","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3527","url":null,"abstract":"Kinnow production is hampered due to the lack of micronutrient applications such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), which play a significant role in the metabolic activities of the plant, affecting yield and quality. The farmers of the region use mineral micronutrient fertilizers, but it leads to phytotoxicity due to unoptimized fertilizer application dose. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to optimize the Zn, Mn, and Fe minerals dose as tank mix foliar application for improvement of fruit yield, quality, and uptake of nutrients. The twelve combinations of different doses of zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, and ferrous sulphate fertilizers replicated three times were tested at kinnow orchards established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bathinda, Punjab, India. The data revealed that the fruit drop was significantly low in the treatment F12 (43.4%) (tank mix spray of 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.2% MnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 ) compared to control treatment. The fruit yield per tree was significantly higher in the treatment F12 compared to untreated control. The juice percentage was also recorded higher in treatment F12 as compared to control, and the juice percentage improved by 2.6%. The leaf nutrient analysis also revealed translocation of higher amount of nutrient from leaf to fruit under optimized supply of micronutrient. Thus, the application of tank mix spray of 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.2% MnSO4 + 0.1% FeSO4 may be used for better fruit yield and quality.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"33 130","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Choudhury, Shahjahan Ali, Md. Rezwan Sarker, Nazrul Islam
Salinity is a significant factor restricting plant development at various stages, resulting in lower yield and productivity. The current study was carried out to investigate and assess the tolerance of several tomato genotypes to salty conditions. Thirty (30) tomato genotypes were cultivated in pots and tested for salinity at three levels: 5 ds/m NaCl, 10 ds/m NaCl, and 15 ds/m NaCl, in comparison to the control (0 mM NaCl). Two weeks after treatment, several morphological and physiological parameters were measured. The effects of salt stress on tomato genotypes included a considerable reduction in leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot and root length, shoot and root biomass, and relative water content. Different tomato genotypes responded differently to salinity severity score (SSS). Reduction of shoot dry weight (0.27 to 0.44) and leaf area (0.33 to 0.45) were positively correlated with SSS at moderate (10 ds/m) to higher (15 ds/m) salinity levels, respectively. Based on the experiment results, the genotypes BARI Tomato 4, BARI Tomato 14, BARI Tomato 15, SAU Tomato 2, AV0T0 1228, and NS 501 were found to be more salinity tolerant than other genotypes. The results showed that measuring shoot length, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight was better for evaluating salinity stress and screening salt-tolerant tomato genotypes.
{"title":"Salinity tolerance in tomato genotypes at an early plant growth stage: Morphological and physiological responses","authors":"S. Choudhury, Shahjahan Ali, Md. Rezwan Sarker, Nazrul Islam","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3490","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a significant factor restricting plant development at various stages, resulting in lower yield and productivity. The current study was carried out to investigate and assess the tolerance of several tomato genotypes to salty conditions. Thirty (30) tomato genotypes were cultivated in pots and tested for salinity at three levels: 5 ds/m NaCl, 10 ds/m NaCl, and 15 ds/m NaCl, in comparison to the control (0 mM NaCl). Two weeks after treatment, several morphological and physiological parameters were measured. The effects of salt stress on tomato genotypes included a considerable reduction in leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot and root length, shoot and root biomass, and relative water content. Different tomato genotypes responded differently to salinity severity score (SSS). Reduction of shoot dry weight (0.27 to 0.44) and leaf area (0.33 to 0.45) were positively correlated with SSS at moderate (10 ds/m) to higher (15 ds/m) salinity levels, respectively. Based on the experiment results, the genotypes BARI Tomato 4, BARI Tomato 14, BARI Tomato 15, SAU Tomato 2, AV0T0 1228, and NS 501 were found to be more salinity tolerant than other genotypes. The results showed that measuring shoot length, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight was better for evaluating salinity stress and screening salt-tolerant tomato genotypes.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myong Ho Choe, Jun‐myong Cha, Hui‐won Kim, Song Il Pak, Chung Ryol Zhang
We carried out research work to infect the roots of mature pine (Pinus densiflora) with Tricholoma matsutake for cultivation of the pine mushroom. Four-month-old and one-year-old seedlings and forty-year-old mature pine were treated with α-NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) as rooting agent for generating new rootlets. The optimum concentrations of α-NAA for generating new rootlets in four-month-old and one-year-old pine seedlings were 0.5 mg per root, at which numbers of generated new rootlets were approximately 2–3 times higher than in control. The mature pine treated with 1.0 mg of α-NAA per root produced approximately 1.7 times more new rootlets than untreated. Roots in 15 mature pines were treated with α-NAA, and about 79% of the treated roots successfully generated new branching roots. For mycorrhizal synthesis, the new rootlets without contamination were inoculated with mycelia of matsutake cultured in a glass container with sterilized vermiculite substrate. After 4 months, it was identified by ITS specific primer method that about 50% of the analyzed root samples were infected with matsutake. The results showed that the roots of mature pine can be infected by matsutake.
{"title":"Infection of mature Pinus densiflora with ectomycorrhizal fungi, Tricholoma matsutake","authors":"Myong Ho Choe, Jun‐myong Cha, Hui‐won Kim, Song Il Pak, Chung Ryol Zhang","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3089","url":null,"abstract":"We carried out research work to infect the roots of mature pine (Pinus densiflora) with Tricholoma matsutake for cultivation of the pine mushroom. Four-month-old and one-year-old seedlings and forty-year-old mature pine were treated with α-NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) as rooting agent for generating new rootlets. The optimum concentrations of α-NAA for generating new rootlets in four-month-old and one-year-old pine seedlings were 0.5 mg per root, at which numbers of generated new rootlets were approximately 2–3 times higher than in control. The mature pine treated with 1.0 mg of α-NAA per root produced approximately 1.7 times more new rootlets than untreated. Roots in 15 mature pines were treated with α-NAA, and about 79% of the treated roots successfully generated new branching roots. For mycorrhizal synthesis, the new rootlets without contamination were inoculated with mycelia of matsutake cultured in a glass container with sterilized vermiculite substrate. After 4 months, it was identified by ITS specific primer method that about 50% of the analyzed root samples were infected with matsutake. The results showed that the roots of mature pine can be infected by matsutake.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"61 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By carrying out a laboratory experiment, the influence of priming methods, including ZnSO4, BSN, and hydropriming was evaluated on the seed germination of hybrid AS71 corn. Then, the main and interaction effects of the priming methods, planting dates, and weed interference levels were surveyed on the vegetative growth traits, yield, and yield components of corn in a field experiment. Based on the lab experiment, although the maximum germination percentage (100%) was observed in the treated plots by hydropriming 22 h after treatment (HAT), the greatest seedling vigor index (122.99) was recorded with treated seeds by ZnSO4 (0.03 mg L–1) at 8 HAT. The greatest emergence index was observed in the treated plots by hydropriming on both planting dates of June 1 and 11. The interaction of planting dates and weed interference levels revealed that the highest emergence index (14%–17%) occurred in the weed-free plots on both planting dates. BSN recorded the greatest corn 1000-grain weight that was significantly higher than the control plots by 28%. Furthermore, BSN enhanced the corn grain yield compared with the control plots by 63% and 24.9% on the planting dates of June 1 and 11, respectively. BSN, as a nutri-priming approach, by displaying the highest positive effects in boosting the corn grain yield in both weedy and weed-free plots as well as both planting dates, could be a recommendable option for growers to improve the crop yield production.
{"title":"The influence of priming methods, planting dates, and weed interference levels on the vegetative growth, yield, and yield components of AS71 hybrid corn","authors":"Soad Amiri, S. Kazemeini, R. Zangoueinejad","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.2994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.2994","url":null,"abstract":"By carrying out a laboratory experiment, the influence of priming methods, including ZnSO4, BSN, and hydropriming was evaluated on the seed germination of hybrid AS71 corn. Then, the main and interaction effects of the priming methods, planting dates, and weed interference levels were surveyed on the vegetative growth traits, yield, and yield components of corn in a field experiment. Based on the lab experiment, although the maximum germination percentage (100%) was observed in the treated plots by hydropriming 22 h after treatment (HAT), the greatest seedling vigor index (122.99) was recorded with treated seeds by ZnSO4 (0.03 mg L–1) at 8 HAT. The greatest emergence index was observed in the treated plots by hydropriming on both planting dates of June 1 and 11. The interaction of planting dates and weed interference levels revealed that the highest emergence index (14%–17%) occurred in the weed-free plots on both planting dates. BSN recorded the greatest corn 1000-grain weight that was significantly higher than the control plots by 28%. Furthermore, BSN enhanced the corn grain yield compared with the control plots by 63% and 24.9% on the planting dates of June 1 and 11, respectively. BSN, as a nutri-priming approach, by displaying the highest positive effects in boosting the corn grain yield in both weedy and weed-free plots as well as both planting dates, could be a recommendable option for growers to improve the crop yield production.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of plant viruses as bioherbicides represents a fascinating and promising frontier in modern agriculture and weed management. This review article delves into the multifaceted world of harnessing plant viruses for herbicidal purposes, shedding light on their potential as eco-friendly, sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical herbicides. We begin by exploring the diverse mechanisms through which plant viruses can target and control weeds, from altering gene expression to disrupting essential physiological processes. The article highlights the advantages of utilizing plant viruses, such as their specificity for weed species, minimal impact on non-target plants, and a reduced environmental footprint. Furthermore, we investigate the remarkable versatility of plant viruses, showcasing their adaptability to various weed species and agricultural environments. The review delves into the latest advancements in genetic modification techniques, which enable the engineering of plant viruses for enhanced herbicidal properties and safety. In addition to their efficacy, we discuss the economic and ecological advantages of using plant viruses as bioherbicides, emphasizing their potential to reduce chemical herbicide usage and decrease the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. We also address the regulatory and safety considerations associated with the application of plant viruses in agriculture. Ultimately, this review article underscores the immense potential of plant viruses as bioherbicides and calls for further research, development, and responsible deployment to harness these microscopic agents in the ongoing quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly weed management strategies.
{"title":"Harnessing nature’s tiny warriors: Plant viruses as innovative bioherbicides","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Hamid, Shahzeen Kanwal Maria","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.3146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.3146","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plant viruses as bioherbicides represents a fascinating and promising frontier in modern agriculture and weed management. This review article delves into the multifaceted world of harnessing plant viruses for herbicidal purposes, shedding light on their potential as eco-friendly, sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical herbicides. We begin by exploring the diverse mechanisms through which plant viruses can target and control weeds, from altering gene expression to disrupting essential physiological processes. The article highlights the advantages of utilizing plant viruses, such as their specificity for weed species, minimal impact on non-target plants, and a reduced environmental footprint. Furthermore, we investigate the remarkable versatility of plant viruses, showcasing their adaptability to various weed species and agricultural environments. The review delves into the latest advancements in genetic modification techniques, which enable the engineering of plant viruses for enhanced herbicidal properties and safety. In addition to their efficacy, we discuss the economic and ecological advantages of using plant viruses as bioherbicides, emphasizing their potential to reduce chemical herbicide usage and decrease the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. We also address the regulatory and safety considerations associated with the application of plant viruses in agriculture. Ultimately, this review article underscores the immense potential of plant viruses as bioherbicides and calls for further research, development, and responsible deployment to harness these microscopic agents in the ongoing quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly weed management strategies.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"36 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bael or Aegle marmelos Corrêa is considered a sacred tree by Hindus and is offered to Lord Shiva while worshipping. It grows in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia and is called by various names in different regions. Bael has been used as a traditional medicine in India and other Southeast Asian countries to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, chronic dysentery, constipation, gonorrhea, catarrh, diabetes, deafness, inflammations, ulcerated intestinal mucosa, intermittent fever, melancholia, heart palpitation, and also to control fertility. The ethnomedicinal properties of Bael are owing to its ability to synthesize alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, lignins, quinones, coumarins, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, reducing sugars, fats, and oils. The aegeline, auroptene, umbelliferone, psoralene, marmin, imperatorin, xylorhamnoarabinogalactan I pectic polysaccharide and skimmianine are synthesized by different parts of Bael, and they have shown antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities in various experimental models. The present review has been written consulting various publications, and different websites including Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google.
桦树或 Aegle marmelos Corrêa 被印度教徒视为圣树，在祭祀湿婆神时被供奉起来。它生长在印度次大陆和东南亚，在不同地区有不同的名称。在印度和其他东南亚国家，桦木一直被用作传统药物，用于治疗各种疾病，包括腹泻、慢性痢疾、便秘、淋病、白喉、糖尿病、耳聋、炎症、肠粘膜溃疡、间歇性发烧、忧郁症、心悸，还能控制生育。蝙蝠葛的民族药用价值在于它能够合成生物碱、强心苷、花青素、黄酮类、甾体、皂甙、萜类、单宁、木质素、醌类、香豆素、蛋白质、碳水化合物、氨基酸、还原糖、脂肪和油脂。苧麻的不同部位合成了苧麻素、苧麻烯、伞形酮、补骨脂素、马敏素、防风素、木犀草内酯 I 型果胶多糖和脱脂棉素，它们在各种实验模型中显示出抗菌、抗炎、镇痛、抗过敏、驱虫、抗糖尿病、抗癌、心脏保护和神经保护活性。本综述的撰写参考了各种出版物和不同的网站，包括 Google Scholar、Pubmed、ScienceDirect 和 Google。
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal properties of Bael Aegle marmelos Corrêa family Rutaceae: A review","authors":"G. Jagetia","doi":"10.24294/th.v6i2.2941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/th.v6i2.2941","url":null,"abstract":"Bael or Aegle marmelos Corrêa is considered a sacred tree by Hindus and is offered to Lord Shiva while worshipping. It grows in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia and is called by various names in different regions. Bael has been used as a traditional medicine in India and other Southeast Asian countries to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, chronic dysentery, constipation, gonorrhea, catarrh, diabetes, deafness, inflammations, ulcerated intestinal mucosa, intermittent fever, melancholia, heart palpitation, and also to control fertility. The ethnomedicinal properties of Bael are owing to its ability to synthesize alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, lignins, quinones, coumarins, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, reducing sugars, fats, and oils. The aegeline, auroptene, umbelliferone, psoralene, marmin, imperatorin, xylorhamnoarabinogalactan I pectic polysaccharide and skimmianine are synthesized by different parts of Bael, and they have shown antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities in various experimental models. The present review has been written consulting various publications, and different websites including Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google.","PeriodicalId":507088,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Horticulture","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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