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On-Chain Verifiable Credential with Applications in Education 应用于教育领域的链上可验证证书
Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024183.256091
N. Chotikakamthorn, Aye Mi San, C. Sathitwiriyawong
A verifiable credential (VC) has been standardized and applied in various domains, including education. Due to its immutability, blockchain has been considered and used for credential issuance and verification. Most existing methods, however, are not compatible with the W3C VC standard. In this paper, an on-chain VC issuance and verification method has been described. The method is based on the standard VC data model and applicable to any credential type. It decomposes a VC document into a VC template and the corresponding value array(s). This allows a VC to be issued on-chain in the Bitcoin BTC network, which has a limited data embedding capacity. The proposed method reduces blockchain resource consumption due to the reusability of a VC template. In addition, it allows the use of a concise VC fingerprint format instead of a full VC for credential exchange. Two issuance modes, namely the full on-chain and partial on-chain, are proposed targeting different use cases. The proposed method has been applied for issuing and verifying two learning credential types. The method was evaluated on the Bitcoin Testnet to measure time and space complexities. With the reduced-size VC fingerprint, the proposed method can embed a VC on a traditional paper-based credential as a compact-sized QR code. The proposed method offered faster VC issuance and verification than an existing standard-based verifiable credential method.
可验证证书(VC)已经标准化并应用于包括教育在内的各个领域。区块链因其不可更改性,已被考虑并用于证书发放和验证。然而,大多数现有方法与 W3C VC 标准不兼容。本文介绍了一种链上 VC 发行和验证方法。该方法基于标准虚拟凭据数据模型,适用于任何凭据类型。它将凭据文档分解为凭据模板和相应的值数组。这样就可以在数据嵌入能力有限的比特币 BTC 网络中在链上发行凭据。由于虚拟货币模板的可重用性,所提出的方法减少了区块链资源消耗。此外,它还允许使用简洁的 VC 指纹格式而不是完整的 VC 来进行凭证交换。针对不同的使用情况,提出了两种发放模式,即完全链上模式和部分链上模式。所提出的方法已应用于两种学习凭证类型的发行和验证。该方法在比特币测试网上进行了评估,以衡量时间和空间复杂性。利用缩小的虚拟凭据指纹,所提出的方法可以将虚拟凭据嵌入传统的纸质凭据中,成为一个小巧的二维码。与现有的基于标准的可验证凭证方法相比,所提出的方法能更快地发放和验证虚拟货币。
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引用次数: 0
Stacking Ensemble Learning with Regression Models for Predicting Damage from Terrorist Attacks 堆叠集合学习与回归模型,预测恐怖袭击造成的损失
Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024173.255276
Thitipong Kawichai
Terrorist attacks can cause unexpectedly enormous damage to lives and property. To prevent and mitigate damage from terrorist activities, governments and related organizations must have suitable measures and efficient tools to cope with terrorist attacks. This work proposed a new method based on stacking ensemble learning and regression for predicting damage from terrorist attacks. First, two-layer stacking classifiers were developed and used to indicate if a terrorist attack can cause deaths, injuries, and property damage. For fatal and injury attacks, regression models were utilized to forecast the number of deaths and injuries, respectively. Consequently, the proposed method can efficiently classify casualty terrorist attacks with an average area under precision-recall curves (AUPR) of 0.958. Furthermore, the stacking model can predict property damage attacks with an average AUPR of 0.910. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed method precisely estimates the number of fatalities and injuries with the lowest mean absolute errors of 1.22 and 2.32 for fatal and injury attacks, respectively. According to the superior performance shown, the stacking ensemble models with regression can be utilized as an efficient tool to support emergency prevention and management of terrorist attacks.
恐怖袭击会对生命和财产造成意想不到的巨大损失。为了预防和减轻恐怖活动造成的损失,政府和相关组织必须有合适的措施和有效的工具来应对恐怖袭击。这项工作提出了一种基于堆叠集合学习和回归的新方法,用于预测恐怖袭击造成的损失。首先,开发了两层堆叠分类器,用于指示恐怖袭击是否会造成人员伤亡和财产损失。对于造成死亡和受伤的袭击,利用回归模型分别预测死亡和受伤人数。因此,所提出的方法可以有效地对伤亡恐怖袭击进行分类,精确度-召回曲线下的平均面积(AUPR)为 0.958。此外,叠加模型可以预测财产损失攻击,平均 AUPR 为 0.910。与现有方法相比,所提出的方法能精确估算死亡和受伤人数,其平均绝对误差最小,分别为 1.22 和 2.32。根据所显示的优越性能,利用回归堆叠集合模型可作为支持恐怖袭击应急预防和管理的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Comparison between Thermal and Hydro-thermal ELD Using Metaheuristics Technique 利用元启发式技术对热式和水热式 ELD 进行比较的研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024182.254733
D. Santra, A. Mukherjee, S. Mondal
This paper presents for the first-time, application of Moth Flame Optimization and Bat Algorithm (MFO-BA) for optimal scheduling of thermal and hydro-thermal systems in a simulated environment. Results of three test systems (4-unit, 5-unit and 6-unit) comprising seven test cases as different combinations of fixed-head hydro units and thermal units with and without losses are presented to demonstrate the performance of the hybrid MFO-BA algorithm. The test results comprehensively establish the advan- tage and overall effectiveness of the hydro-thermal system over thermal-only system in terms of load dispatch and economy of generation cost and transmission loss. The present study can help find the most economic scheduling of hydro-thermal generating units using hybrid soft computing approach.
本文首次提出在模拟环境中应用蛾焰优化和蝙蝠算法(MFO-BA)进行热力和水力热力系统的优化调度。本文介绍了三个测试系统(4 台、5 台和 6 台)的结果,其中包括七个测试案例,即有损失和无损失的固定水头水电机组和热电机组的不同组合,以展示 MFO-BA 混合算法的性能。测试结果全面证实了水力-热力系统在负荷调度、发电成本和输电损耗的经济性方面比纯热力系统更具优势和整体效益。本研究有助于利用混合软计算方法找到最经济的水热发电机组调度方案。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Approaches for Efficient Simulations of 3-Qubit Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) Circuit Using Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation (QQCS) 利用快速量子电路仿真 (QQCS) 高效模拟 3ubit 量子傅里叶变换 (QFT) 电路的混合方法
Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024182.253574
Thea Mayen Malimban, Kyle Reece Oropesa, Carlo Z. Geron, Jade Kristine Comia, R. Ado, Orland D. Tubola
The research devised efficient methods for simulating 3-qubit Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) circuits using Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation (QQCS). The hybrid methodologies suggested as a solution for efficiently simulating the circuit involve the combination of decision diagrams and property exploitation techniques. This paper incorporated two methods based on decision diagrams: the reordering trick and decision diagram approximations, template-based optimization, and linear reversible circuit synthesis for property exploitation. The proposed approaches significantly improved and optimized quantum algorithms and hardware by aiming to simulate quantum circuits accurately and quickly. Simulations using QQCS proved the effectiveness of these strategies, which were then compared to the original circuit. The results yielded valuable insights into enhancing simulation efficiency while upholding circuit accuracy.
研究设计了利用快速量子电路仿真(QQCS)模拟三量子比特量子傅立叶变换(QFT)电路的高效方法。作为高效模拟电路的解决方案,提出的混合方法涉及决策图和属性利用技术的结合。本文结合了两种基于判定图的方法:重排序技巧和判定图近似、基于模板的优化和线性可逆电路合成以利用特性。所提出的方法通过准确、快速地模拟量子电路,极大地改进和优化了量子算法和硬件。使用 QQCS 进行的仿真证明了这些策略的有效性,并将其与原始电路进行了比较。这些结果为提高仿真效率同时保持电路精度提供了宝贵的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Ladybug: An Automated Cultivation Robot for Addressing the Manpower Shortage in the Agricultural Industry 瓢虫解决农业劳动力短缺问题的自动栽培机器人
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024182.254769
Apirak Tooltham, Suchart Khummanee, C. Jareanpon, Montree Nonphayom
The agricultural sector is projected to need more labor as a result of declining interest in careers within this domain. Despite the escalating demand for agricultural goods, previous endeavors to mitigate this challenge through the deployment of robotic prototypes have encountered hindrances such as issues pertaining to automation, adaptability to varying tasks, and the financial burdens associated with development. To address this exigency, we have developed an automated cultivation robot utilizing advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), Image Processing, and artificial Intelligence (AI) for seeding in pots. The robot demonstrates the capacity to sow seeds in 257 pots per hour, accomplish a mission within 12.53 minutes, traverse at a velocity of 360 meters per hour, and seed pots at a rate of 13.37 seconds per pot. It possesses an operational duration of approximately two hours, completing nine cycles and seeding 486 pots on a single charge. Notably, the robot exhibits a mission success rate of 1.00 and a seeding accuracy 0.78. Moreover, it features an adaptable workspace and a lightweight frame weighing 20 kg, rendering it a cost-effective solution for mass production.
由于人们对农业领域的职业兴趣下降,预计该领域将需要更多劳动力。尽管对农产品的需求不断攀升,但以往通过部署机器人原型来缓解这一挑战的努力却遇到了一些障碍,例如自动化、对不同任务的适应性以及与开发相关的财务负担等问题。为了解决这一问题,我们利用先进的物联网(IoT)、图像处理和人工智能(AI)技术开发了一种自动栽培机器人,用于在花盆中播种。该机器人展示了每小时在 257 个花盆中播种、在 12.53 分钟内完成任务、以每小时 360 米的速度行进以及以每盆 13.37 秒的速度播种的能力。它的工作时间约为两小时,一次充电可完成九个循环,播种 486 盆。值得一提的是,该机器人的任务成功率为 1.00,播种精度为 0.78。此外,该机器人还具有适应性强的工作空间和 20 千克重的轻型框架,是一种经济高效的批量生产解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
An Ensemble of Transfer Learning based InceptionV3 and VGG16 Models for Paddy Leaf Disease Classification 基于迁移学习的 InceptionV3 和 VGG16 模型组合用于水稻叶病分类
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024181.254501
Sowmiya Baskar, Saminathan K, Chithra Devi M
Paddy is a crucial food crop providing essential nutrients and energy and serving more than half the global population. Diagnosing and preventing plant diseases at an early stage is crucial for the health and productivity of crops. Automated disease diagnosis eliminates the need for experts and delivers accurate outcomes. This research will diagnose paddy leaf diseases with Deep Learning technology. The diseases such as bacterial blight, blast, tungro, brown spot, and healthy leaf classes are diagnosed and classified in this study. The dataset contains 160 images from each class with 800 images. Our proposed model is an ensemble of transfer-learned InceptionV3 and VGG16 architectures, which utilizes the strength of individual models to improve overall performance. The use of transfer-learned ensemble deep learning architectures achieved impressive accuracy rates of 97.03%, 94.97%, and 98.87% for training, validation and testing respectively. The results indicating that model is not overfit and generalizes well to unseen data. The model's performance is evaluated with confusion matrix with the parameters like precision, recall, F1-score, and support. We also tested the model's performance against other proposed deep learning techniques with and without transfer learning techniques. Moreover, this research advances reliable automated disease detection systems, fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing global food security.
水稻是一种重要的粮食作物,能提供必需的营养和能量,为全球一半以上的人口提供粮食。早期诊断和预防植物病害对作物的健康和产量至关重要。自动病害诊断无需专家,并能提供准确的结果。这项研究将利用深度学习技术诊断水稻叶片病害。本研究将对细菌性枯萎病、稻瘟病、褐斑病和健康叶类等病害进行诊断和分类。数据集包含每类 160 张图像,共 800 张图像。我们提出的模型是传递学习 InceptionV3 和 VGG16 架构的集合,它利用了单个模型的优势来提高整体性能。使用迁移学习的集合深度学习架构在训练、验证和测试中分别取得了令人印象深刻的 97.03%、94.97% 和 98.87% 的准确率。这些结果表明,模型没有过拟合,并能很好地泛化到未见数据中。我们用混淆矩阵和精确度、召回率、F1-分数和支持度等参数对模型的性能进行了评估。我们还测试了该模型在使用或不使用迁移学习技术的情况下与其他深度学习技术的性能。此外,这项研究还推动了可靠的自动疾病检测系统的发展,促进了可持续农业的发展,增强了全球粮食安全。
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引用次数: 0
An Ensemble of Transfer Learning based InceptionV3 and VGG16 Models for Paddy Leaf Disease Classification 基于迁移学习的 InceptionV3 和 VGG16 模型组合用于水稻叶病分类
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024181.254501
Sowmiya Baskar, Saminathan K, Chithra Devi M
Paddy is a crucial food crop providing essential nutrients and energy and serving more than half the global population. Diagnosing and preventing plant diseases at an early stage is crucial for the health and productivity of crops. Automated disease diagnosis eliminates the need for experts and delivers accurate outcomes. This research will diagnose paddy leaf diseases with Deep Learning technology. The diseases such as bacterial blight, blast, tungro, brown spot, and healthy leaf classes are diagnosed and classified in this study. The dataset contains 160 images from each class with 800 images. Our proposed model is an ensemble of transfer-learned InceptionV3 and VGG16 architectures, which utilizes the strength of individual models to improve overall performance. The use of transfer-learned ensemble deep learning architectures achieved impressive accuracy rates of 97.03%, 94.97%, and 98.87% for training, validation and testing respectively. The results indicating that model is not overfit and generalizes well to unseen data. The model's performance is evaluated with confusion matrix with the parameters like precision, recall, F1-score, and support. We also tested the model's performance against other proposed deep learning techniques with and without transfer learning techniques. Moreover, this research advances reliable automated disease detection systems, fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing global food security.
水稻是一种重要的粮食作物,能提供必需的营养和能量,为全球一半以上的人口提供粮食。早期诊断和预防植物病害对作物的健康和产量至关重要。自动病害诊断无需专家,并能提供准确的结果。这项研究将利用深度学习技术诊断水稻叶片病害。本研究将对细菌性枯萎病、稻瘟病、褐斑病和健康叶类等病害进行诊断和分类。数据集包含每类 160 张图像,共 800 张图像。我们提出的模型是传递学习 InceptionV3 和 VGG16 架构的集合,它利用了单个模型的优势来提高整体性能。使用迁移学习的集合深度学习架构在训练、验证和测试中分别取得了令人印象深刻的 97.03%、94.97% 和 98.87% 的准确率。这些结果表明,模型没有过拟合,并能很好地泛化到未见数据中。我们用混淆矩阵和精确度、召回率、F1-分数和支持度等参数对模型的性能进行了评估。我们还测试了该模型在使用或不使用迁移学习技术的情况下与其他深度学习技术的性能。此外,这项研究还推动了可靠的自动疾病检测系统的发展,促进了可持续农业的发展,增强了全球粮食安全。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Learning-based Ensemble Approach for Conventional Pap Smear Image Classification 基于深度学习的常规子宫颈抹片图像分类集合方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024181.254621
Paisit Khanarsa, Satanat Kitsiranuwat
Cervical cancer screening allows the early signs of precancerous abnormalities in the cervix before they develop into invasive cancer. The Pap Smear is a widely used screening for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. In many remote areas, the number of cytologists available to interpret pap smear screening tests is insufficient. This lack of personnel makes the test interpretation very time-consuming. To address this, deep learning techniques have been employed to detect cervical cancer cells and support cytologists. Therefore, an integrative approach with deep learning models and the ensemble techniques such as the maximum occurrence and the maximum probability score of cervical cells was proposed. The multi-cell assessment of the Pap smear slide allowed aggregate predictions of single cervical cell images using the proposed method. The classification results between pre-trained deep learning models and the proposed method were compared. In the experimental results, the proposed method can achieve an accuracy score of more than 97%, while the best pre-trained deep learning model can attain an accuracy score of more than 85%. Hence, the proposed method may have the potential to assist physicians or cytologists in the classification of cervical cell types for Pap Smear images.
宫颈癌筛查可在宫颈癌前异常发展为浸润性癌症之前发现早期征兆。子宫颈抹片检查是一种广泛使用的早期发现和预防子宫颈癌的筛查方法。在许多偏远地区,可用于解读子宫颈抹片筛查检测结果的细胞学专家人数不足。人员不足使得检测判读非常耗时。为解决这一问题,人们采用了深度学习技术来检测宫颈癌细胞并为细胞学专家提供支持。因此,有人提出了一种深度学习模型与宫颈细胞最大发生率和最大概率得分等集合技术的综合方法。通过对巴氏涂片的多细胞评估,可以使用所提出的方法对单个宫颈细胞图像进行综合预测。比较了预先训练的深度学习模型和提出的方法的分类结果。在实验结果中,拟议方法的准确率可达 97% 以上,而最佳预训练深度学习模型的准确率可达 85% 以上。因此,所提出的方法有可能帮助医生或细胞学专家对巴氏涂片图像的宫颈细胞类型进行分类。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an Autonomous Component Testing System with Reliability Improvement Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning 利用计算机视觉和机器学习技术开发可提高可靠性的自主组件测试系统
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024181.253854
Hoang Anh Phan, Van Tan Duong, Mai Nguyen Thi, Anh Nguyen Thi, Hang Khuat Thi Thu, Thang Luu Duc, Van Hieu Dang, Huu Quoc Dong Tran, Thi Thanh Van Nguyen, Thanh Tung Bui
This study evaluated computer vision-based models, including Histogram Analysis, Logistic Regression, Sift-SVM, and Deep learning models, in an autonomous testing system developed for smartphone camera modules. System performance was assessed in a practical factory setting with workers operating the system, and metrics such as processing time, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and defect rate were evaluated. Based on the results, the Sift-SVM model demonstrated the greatest potential for enhancing the reliability of the system with a processing time of 0.01578 seconds, a sensitivity of 99.811%, and a reduction in the failure rate to 1888 PPM. The study findings suggest that Sift-SVM has the potential to be practically applied in the industry, thus improving the speed and accuracy of automatic defect detection in manufacturing and reducing the defect rate.
本研究在为智能手机摄像头模块开发的自主测试系统中评估了基于计算机视觉的模型,包括直方图分析、逻辑回归、Sift-SVM 和深度学习模型。在实际工厂环境中,由工人操作该系统,对系统性能进行了评估,并对处理时间、灵敏度、特异性、准确性和缺陷率等指标进行了评估。结果表明,Sift-SVM 模型在提高系统可靠性方面潜力最大,处理时间仅为 0.01578 秒,灵敏度高达 99.811%,故障率降低到 1888 PPM。研究结果表明,Sift-SVM 具有在工业中实际应用的潜力,从而提高制造业自动缺陷检测的速度和准确性,降低缺陷率。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an Autonomous Component Testing System with Reliability Improvement Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning 利用计算机视觉和机器学习技术开发可提高可靠性的自主组件测试系统
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.37936/ecti-cit.2024181.253854
Hoang Anh Phan, Van Tan Duong, Mai Nguyen Thi, Anh Nguyen Thi, Hang Khuat Thi Thu, Thang Luu Duc, Van Hieu Dang, Huu Quoc Dong Tran, Thi Thanh Van Nguyen, Thanh Tung Bui
This study evaluated computer vision-based models, including Histogram Analysis, Logistic Regression, Sift-SVM, and Deep learning models, in an autonomous testing system developed for smartphone camera modules. System performance was assessed in a practical factory setting with workers operating the system, and metrics such as processing time, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and defect rate were evaluated. Based on the results, the Sift-SVM model demonstrated the greatest potential for enhancing the reliability of the system with a processing time of 0.01578 seconds, a sensitivity of 99.811%, and a reduction in the failure rate to 1888 PPM. The study findings suggest that Sift-SVM has the potential to be practically applied in the industry, thus improving the speed and accuracy of automatic defect detection in manufacturing and reducing the defect rate.
本研究在为智能手机摄像头模块开发的自主测试系统中评估了基于计算机视觉的模型,包括直方图分析、逻辑回归、Sift-SVM 和深度学习模型。在实际工厂环境中,由工人操作该系统,对系统性能进行了评估,并对处理时间、灵敏度、特异性、准确性和缺陷率等指标进行了评估。结果表明,Sift-SVM 模型在提高系统可靠性方面潜力最大,处理时间仅为 0.01578 秒,灵敏度高达 99.811%,故障率降低到 1888 PPM。研究结果表明,Sift-SVM 具有在工业中实际应用的潜力,从而提高制造业自动缺陷检测的速度和准确性,降低缺陷率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT)
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