Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-41-51
V. Buzin
When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the se
{"title":"Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases","authors":"V. Buzin","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-41-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-41-51","url":null,"abstract":"When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the se","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-52-60
V. Teplov, V. V. Stozharov, E. A. Tsebrovskaya, A. A. Korshunova, V. V. Burykina, K. R. Enikeeva, S. Bagnenko
The purpose of the study: to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the treatment effectiveness of the patients with a therapeutic profile, depending on the presence of an inpatient emergency department in the structure of the medical organization. Materials and methods. With the help of a retrospective analysis of 474 cases of hypertension worsening during the year, patients length of stay in the hospital, the amount of bills issued depending on the length of stay and the compliance of the conducted volume of examination with the requirements of the criteria for the quality of medical care were studied. Subsequently, using simulation modeling, a comparative analysis of the redistribution of patient flows was performed in order to identify optimal economic and logistical solutions. Results. When comparing the length of stay of patients, it was revealed that in 63.9% of cases, discharge occurred from dynamic observation beds during the first day. The analysis of compliance with the criteria for the quality of medical care showed that in the inpatient emergency department, almost the entire required amount of diagnosis and treatment is performed in a minimum period of time. If there is an inpatient emergency department in the hospital structure, the work model becomes significantly more intensive, but underfunded. Conclusion. The capabilities of inpatient emergency departments ensure short-term treatment of patients in compliance with the quality criteria of specialized care, while maintaining a large throughput compared to the therapeutic department. Based on the results obtained, the payment of cases should not be accompanied by the use of a sign of interruption of the case.
{"title":"The problem of payment for short-term treatment in an inpatient emergency department: analysis and simulation modeling","authors":"V. Teplov, V. V. Stozharov, E. A. Tsebrovskaya, A. A. Korshunova, V. V. Burykina, K. R. Enikeeva, S. Bagnenko","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-52-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-52-60","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the treatment effectiveness of the patients with a therapeutic profile, depending on the presence of an inpatient emergency department in the structure of the medical organization. Materials and methods. With the help of a retrospective analysis of 474 cases of hypertension worsening during the year, patients length of stay in the hospital, the amount of bills issued depending on the length of stay and the compliance of the conducted volume of examination with the requirements of the criteria for the quality of medical care were studied. Subsequently, using simulation modeling, a comparative analysis of the redistribution of patient flows was performed in order to identify optimal economic and logistical solutions. Results. When comparing the length of stay of patients, it was revealed that in 63.9% of cases, discharge occurred from dynamic observation beds during the first day. The analysis of compliance with the criteria for the quality of medical care showed that in the inpatient emergency department, almost the entire required amount of diagnosis and treatment is performed in a minimum period of time. If there is an inpatient emergency department in the hospital structure, the work model becomes significantly more intensive, but underfunded. Conclusion. The capabilities of inpatient emergency departments ensure short-term treatment of patients in compliance with the quality criteria of specialized care, while maintaining a large throughput compared to the therapeutic department. Based on the results obtained, the payment of cases should not be accompanied by the use of a sign of interruption of the case.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-4-17
L. A. Tsvetkova, F. A. Kurakov, R. L. Karmina
The purpose of the study was to create a list of key thematic trends in the subject area “public health” that had taken shape by the end of 2023. Achieving the goal involved solving two tasks: a review of foreign publications devoted to the analysis of key topics in public health in 2021–2023; and the generation and analysis of a sample of the most cited publications in the internationalized public health segment over the same period.Materials and methods. The formation of a collection of foreign publications devoted to the analysis of trends in the subject area “public health” for the period 2021–2023 was carried out using the PubMed search engine and the query (“TREND*”) AND (“PUBLIC HEALTH”). 59 most relevant publications were selected for review. To create a collection of highly cited publications in the internationalized segment in the field of public health, recorded in research fronts based on the results of 2023, the Clarivate analytical resource – Essential Science Indicators (ESI) was used.Research results. Integration of the results of two stages of the study (expert assessments and the thematic landscape of a sample of the most cited publications in the field of public health) revealed a complete coincidence of 7 out of 10 trends in the development of public health at the present stage. The frontiers of the thematic area under study included the following thematic areas: the sustainability of national health systems (1), the increase in the number of mental disorders (2), the increase in the use of psychoactive substances (3), the impact of climate change on morbidity (4), the impact of environmental pollution on morbidity (5), healthy eating and food safety (6), aging population (7), sexual and reproductive health disorders (8), road traffic injuries (9), digital transformation of health (10), cancer (11), diseases of the cardiovascular system (12), an increase in infectious morbidity (13).
{"title":"Key trends in the development of global public health: 2021–2023","authors":"L. A. Tsvetkova, F. A. Kurakov, R. L. Karmina","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-4-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-4-17","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to create a list of key thematic trends in the subject area “public health” that had taken shape by the end of 2023. Achieving the goal involved solving two tasks: a review of foreign publications devoted to the analysis of key topics in public health in 2021–2023; and the generation and analysis of a sample of the most cited publications in the internationalized public health segment over the same period.Materials and methods. The formation of a collection of foreign publications devoted to the analysis of trends in the subject area “public health” for the period 2021–2023 was carried out using the PubMed search engine and the query (“TREND*”) AND (“PUBLIC HEALTH”). 59 most relevant publications were selected for review. To create a collection of highly cited publications in the internationalized segment in the field of public health, recorded in research fronts based on the results of 2023, the Clarivate analytical resource – Essential Science Indicators (ESI) was used.Research results. Integration of the results of two stages of the study (expert assessments and the thematic landscape of a sample of the most cited publications in the field of public health) revealed a complete coincidence of 7 out of 10 trends in the development of public health at the present stage. The frontiers of the thematic area under study included the following thematic areas: the sustainability of national health systems (1), the increase in the number of mental disorders (2), the increase in the use of psychoactive substances (3), the impact of climate change on morbidity (4), the impact of environmental pollution on morbidity (5), healthy eating and food safety (6), aging population (7), sexual and reproductive health disorders (8), road traffic injuries (9), digital transformation of health (10), cancer (11), diseases of the cardiovascular system (12), an increase in infectious morbidity (13).","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"415 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-18-31
O. Salagay, N. S. Antonov, G. M. Sakharova, N. M. Stadnik
The aim of the study was to assess the individual and population risks of 20 non-communicable diseases (NCD) among the adult population of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The study used a database of Selective monitoring of the health status of the population conducted by Rosstat in 2023. To estimate the association of tobacco consumption with NCD, two groups were analyzed: current tobacco users and people who have never used tobacco. The prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence were calculated. The relationship between tobacco consumption and development of disease was assessed using individual relative risk (RR), as well as age-adjusted RR (RRv) and nicotine dependence-adjusted RR (RRn). The impact of tobacco consumption on public health was assessed using population attributive risk.Results. The prevalence of tobacco/nicotine consumption in 2023 was 21.3% among the adults, 35.0% among men and 10.2% among women. Nicotine dependence of moderate and higher degree was detected in 16.7% of the total adult population, 28.9% of men and 6.9% of women. When assessing RRv, tobacco was identified as a risk factor for only five diseases. RRn assessment revealed 13 diseases for which tobacco was a risk factor with a dose-dependent effect. For most of these diseases, RR in women was higher than in men.Conclusion. Tobacco is a strong risk factor for the most of NCD. In the population in 2013, at least 3–11% of additional cases of NCD was associated with tobacco that could be prevented by tackle of the tobacco consumption.
{"title":"The impact of tobacco consumption on the individual and population risk of non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation","authors":"O. Salagay, N. S. Antonov, G. M. Sakharova, N. M. Stadnik","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the individual and population risks of 20 non-communicable diseases (NCD) among the adult population of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The study used a database of Selective monitoring of the health status of the population conducted by Rosstat in 2023. To estimate the association of tobacco consumption with NCD, two groups were analyzed: current tobacco users and people who have never used tobacco. The prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence were calculated. The relationship between tobacco consumption and development of disease was assessed using individual relative risk (RR), as well as age-adjusted RR (RRv) and nicotine dependence-adjusted RR (RRn). The impact of tobacco consumption on public health was assessed using population attributive risk.Results. The prevalence of tobacco/nicotine consumption in 2023 was 21.3% among the adults, 35.0% among men and 10.2% among women. Nicotine dependence of moderate and higher degree was detected in 16.7% of the total adult population, 28.9% of men and 6.9% of women. When assessing RRv, tobacco was identified as a risk factor for only five diseases. RRn assessment revealed 13 diseases for which tobacco was a risk factor with a dose-dependent effect. For most of these diseases, RR in women was higher than in men.Conclusion. Tobacco is a strong risk factor for the most of NCD. In the population in 2013, at least 3–11% of additional cases of NCD was associated with tobacco that could be prevented by tackle of the tobacco consumption.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-61-68
D. V. Kapustin, L. Pozdnyakova, E. I. Krasnova, N. I. Khokhlova, A. K. Tsoi, N. I. Shulgina, Yu. A. Stashevskay
The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of organizational and legal measures and new practices to against HIV infection introduced in the Novosibirsk region in 2019–2022.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the State Medical Institution of the NGO «City Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1», a division of the Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.Results. By Order of the Ministry of Health of the Novosibirsk Region No. 3429 of 10/15/2019, mandatory HIV screening was provided for all hospitalized with unknown HIV status during the year, which significantly increased the coverage of HIV screening. In 2019–2022, an AIDS Center information system was introduced for all patients with HIV infection admitted to inpatient treatment: 6,938 notifications were sent to the AIDS Center. Of the 2,717 patients who required measures to increase the level of adherence and involvement in ART, 18.9% of patients resumed ART after the measures taken; 36.5% started taking ART for the first time. The order of the State Medical Institution of the Infectious Clinical Hospital № 247 «On the organization of family support in the department «Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS» dated 02.08.2021 provides the principle of monitoring the whole family with one doctor, which improves the adherence of children and parents to ART. For 4 months of functioning of family support, the share of parents receiving ART and having a high commitment increased from 15.5% to 77.3%. Among 45 children who had a previously determined level of HIV RNA viral load on the background of ART, 20% (9 abs.) registered an undetectable level of viral load for 3 months, and 13.3% (6 abs.) – for 2 months.Conclusion. The organizational and legal measures implemented in 2019–2022 in the Novosibirsk region and new practices to combat HIV infection have shown high efficiency: the coverage of dispensary observation of patients with HIV infection increased from 79.3% to 86.5%, and the coverage of antiretroviral therapy – from 74.5% to 85.2%.
{"title":"Effectiveness of organizational and legal measures and new practices to against HIV infection in the Novosibirsk region","authors":"D. V. Kapustin, L. Pozdnyakova, E. I. Krasnova, N. I. Khokhlova, A. K. Tsoi, N. I. Shulgina, Yu. A. Stashevskay","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-61-68","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of organizational and legal measures and new practices to against HIV infection introduced in the Novosibirsk region in 2019–2022.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the State Medical Institution of the NGO «City Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1», a division of the Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.Results. By Order of the Ministry of Health of the Novosibirsk Region No. 3429 of 10/15/2019, mandatory HIV screening was provided for all hospitalized with unknown HIV status during the year, which significantly increased the coverage of HIV screening. In 2019–2022, an AIDS Center information system was introduced for all patients with HIV infection admitted to inpatient treatment: 6,938 notifications were sent to the AIDS Center. Of the 2,717 patients who required measures to increase the level of adherence and involvement in ART, 18.9% of patients resumed ART after the measures taken; 36.5% started taking ART for the first time. The order of the State Medical Institution of the Infectious Clinical Hospital № 247 «On the organization of family support in the department «Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS» dated 02.08.2021 provides the principle of monitoring the whole family with one doctor, which improves the adherence of children and parents to ART. For 4 months of functioning of family support, the share of parents receiving ART and having a high commitment increased from 15.5% to 77.3%. Among 45 children who had a previously determined level of HIV RNA viral load on the background of ART, 20% (9 abs.) registered an undetectable level of viral load for 3 months, and 13.3% (6 abs.) – for 2 months.Conclusion. The organizational and legal measures implemented in 2019–2022 in the Novosibirsk region and new practices to combat HIV infection have shown high efficiency: the coverage of dispensary observation of patients with HIV infection increased from 79.3% to 86.5%, and the coverage of antiretroviral therapy – from 74.5% to 85.2%.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141698537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-32-40
A. Masyakin, I. A. Bedina, E. Y. Kharitonenkova, A. S. Sazonova, I. Bedina
Objective: identification of significant factors influencing the decision of a psychiatrist-narcologist to allow a driver to drive a vehicle (vehicle) during a medical examination related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Materials and methods. A series of in-depth interviews with psychiatrists and narcologists was conducted to study the existing problems they face when conducting a medical examination of vehicle drivers related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Results. When conducting an examination of drivers who were previously deprived of their rights for driving a vehicle while intoxicated, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to be subjective. The degree of perceived risk from making a wrong decision based on the results of this procedure is lower in comparison with an erroneous conclusion when obtaining a certificate for a weapon. Despite the possibility of atracting additional resources when assessing the suitability of drivers, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to avoid making decisions on their own and delegate the conclusion to other specialists. The specifics of the organization of this procedure may have a negative impact on the attitude of the examinee to the doctor (the phenomenon of discrediting the status of a doctor). Conclusion. It is necessary to develop additional diagnostic criteria to the current ones, which must be met by a driver “going through” the procedure for restoring a driver’s license. This is primarily applicable in situations where the laboratory diagnostic method gives a negative result, but the patient’s condition, however, raises doubts among the specialist. There is a need to create a unified algorithm for the examination route map if additional diagnostically significant examination of the patient is necessary.
{"title":"Features of the procedure for assessing the ability to drive a vehicle of drivers previously deprived of their rights for driving a vehicle while intoxicated: a qualitative study","authors":"A. Masyakin, I. A. Bedina, E. Y. Kharitonenkova, A. S. Sazonova, I. Bedina","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-2-32-40","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: identification of significant factors influencing the decision of a psychiatrist-narcologist to allow a driver to drive a vehicle (vehicle) during a medical examination related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Materials and methods. A series of in-depth interviews with psychiatrists and narcologists was conducted to study the existing problems they face when conducting a medical examination of vehicle drivers related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Results. When conducting an examination of drivers who were previously deprived of their rights for driving a vehicle while intoxicated, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to be subjective. The degree of perceived risk from making a wrong decision based on the results of this procedure is lower in comparison with an erroneous conclusion when obtaining a certificate for a weapon. Despite the possibility of atracting additional resources when assessing the suitability of drivers, psychiatrists and narcologists tend to avoid making decisions on their own and delegate the conclusion to other specialists. The specifics of the organization of this procedure may have a negative impact on the attitude of the examinee to the doctor (the phenomenon of discrediting the status of a doctor). Conclusion. It is necessary to develop additional diagnostic criteria to the current ones, which must be met by a driver “going through” the procedure for restoring a driver’s license. This is primarily applicable in situations where the laboratory diagnostic method gives a negative result, but the patient’s condition, however, raises doubts among the specialist. There is a need to create a unified algorithm for the examination route map if additional diagnostically significant examination of the patient is necessary.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"288 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-4-17
O. Salagay, E. I. Borichevskaya
The main strategic element of the system being formed, designed to solve preventive tasks at the regional and municipal level, has become Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention (COSiMP). The article provides an analysis of the activities of the COSiMP for the period 2013–2022 in the Russian Federation and offers recommendations for its improvement. Materials and methods. The analysis includes the structure of the COSiMP; material and technical equipment; dynamics of personnel training in the context of individual categories, sociological research, number and staffing, funds received for preventive work with the population, circulation of publications published by the COSiMP; mass work and advisory and recreational activities of the Center. The data on the activities of the COSiMP were analyzed according to the reporting form No. 70 for the period 2013–2022. The specifics of the COSiMP activity were assessed by calculating the median value of the indicator for the corresponding year, as well as the percentage of changes in this indicator against another period. Results. The total number of structural divisions in the COSiMP has changed slightly: from 560 in 2013 to 547 in 2022. After the reform of the medical prevention system carried out by the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020, public health and medical prevention centers with a fundamentally different structure were formed in the regions. During the period 2013–2022, a slight increase in full-time positions in the CSIMP was revealed from 3720 to 3771, respectively. From 2013 to 2022, the number of trained students increased by 31.7%, but the number of trained physicians decreased by 45.3%. Conclusion. During the studied period, the COSiMP underwent serious changes. The growth in the number of programs and projects implemented by the Centers, the impressive volume of mass work carried out shows the demand for these medical organizations. However, the statistical form used to collect the necessary information about the activities of the COSiMP has been de-actualized to date and does not comply with the main provisions of the acts regulating the activities of these organizations.
{"title":"Analysis of public health infrastructure and medical prevention in the Russian Federation in the period 2013–2022","authors":"O. Salagay, E. I. Borichevskaya","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-4-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-4-17","url":null,"abstract":"The main strategic element of the system being formed, designed to solve preventive tasks at the regional and municipal level, has become Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention (COSiMP). The article provides an analysis of the activities of the COSiMP for the period 2013–2022 in the Russian Federation and offers recommendations for its improvement. Materials and methods. The analysis includes the structure of the COSiMP; material and technical equipment; dynamics of personnel training in the context of individual categories, sociological research, number and staffing, funds received for preventive work with the population, circulation of publications published by the COSiMP; mass work and advisory and recreational activities of the Center. The data on the activities of the COSiMP were analyzed according to the reporting form No. 70 for the period 2013–2022. The specifics of the COSiMP activity were assessed by calculating the median value of the indicator for the corresponding year, as well as the percentage of changes in this indicator against another period. Results. The total number of structural divisions in the COSiMP has changed slightly: from 560 in 2013 to 547 in 2022. After the reform of the medical prevention system carried out by the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2020, public health and medical prevention centers with a fundamentally different structure were formed in the regions. During the period 2013–2022, a slight increase in full-time positions in the CSIMP was revealed from 3720 to 3771, respectively. From 2013 to 2022, the number of trained students increased by 31.7%, but the number of trained physicians decreased by 45.3%. Conclusion. During the studied period, the COSiMP underwent serious changes. The growth in the number of programs and projects implemented by the Centers, the impressive volume of mass work carried out shows the demand for these medical organizations. However, the statistical form used to collect the necessary information about the activities of the COSiMP has been de-actualized to date and does not comply with the main provisions of the acts regulating the activities of these organizations.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-30-42
O. S. Shmeleva, D. O. Trufanov, O. M. Matveeva
The purpose of the study is a comprehensive sociological analysis of the functioning of early intervention services for children under 3 years of age in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The tasks of the analysis include: 1) studying the structure of the early intervention service as a social organization, the functions of its elements, systemic connections and relationships between them; 2) studying the satisfaction of representatives of client families with the work of early intervention services; 3) studying the subjective perceptions of employees of early intervention services and representative’s client families about the content and meaning of the services. The authors used the methods of a sociological survey, in-depth interviews, participant observation. Based on a number of indicators, the authors concluded that early intervention services were predominantly highly effective. The article shows the problem area of the functioning of early intervention services, which lies in the difference in understanding the goals and results of working with children on the part of client families and early intervention service specialists. Specialists see as the main goal the development of functional skills by children that contribute to socialization and independence, and then the improvement, the acquisition of educational, cognitive skills. Parents often prioritize learning skills when setting class goals. This difference may reduce parental satisfaction with the results of early intervention and the effectiveness of classes. The authors revealed the dependence of the level of involvement of parents in work with children together with specialists from early intervention services on the length of service and the age of the child. The more experience and the older the child, the less parents are involved in working with children. The authors proposed a social typology of representatives of client families on the grounds of their involvement in work with children and their attitude to the results of work with a child.
{"title":"Sociological analysis of the functioning of early assistance services for children under 3 years in the Krasnoyarsk Krai","authors":"O. S. Shmeleva, D. O. Trufanov, O. M. Matveeva","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-30-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-30-42","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is a comprehensive sociological analysis of the functioning of early intervention services for children under 3 years of age in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The tasks of the analysis include: 1) studying the structure of the early intervention service as a social organization, the functions of its elements, systemic connections and relationships between them; 2) studying the satisfaction of representatives of client families with the work of early intervention services; 3) studying the subjective perceptions of employees of early intervention services and representative’s client families about the content and meaning of the services. The authors used the methods of a sociological survey, in-depth interviews, participant observation. Based on a number of indicators, the authors concluded that early intervention services were predominantly highly effective. The article shows the problem area of the functioning of early intervention services, which lies in the difference in understanding the goals and results of working with children on the part of client families and early intervention service specialists. Specialists see as the main goal the development of functional skills by children that contribute to socialization and independence, and then the improvement, the acquisition of educational, cognitive skills. Parents often prioritize learning skills when setting class goals. This difference may reduce parental satisfaction with the results of early intervention and the effectiveness of classes. The authors revealed the dependence of the level of involvement of parents in work with children together with specialists from early intervention services on the length of service and the age of the child. The more experience and the older the child, the less parents are involved in working with children. The authors proposed a social typology of representatives of client families on the grounds of their involvement in work with children and their attitude to the results of work with a child.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-18-29
I. O. Taenkova, O. E. Trotsenko, L. Balakhontseva, A. A. Taenkova, E. Bazykina
Objective of the research: to reveal level of awareness and stigmatizing factors that influence service provision, to disclose self-perceived HIV risk of social care workers and a necessity of planning events targeted at increasing their competence concerning the issues of HIV-infection. Materials and methods: by the means of a structured questionnaire, a sociological research was conducted among 386 specialists of social care institutions of 6 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district. Mean age of survey participants was 41.5 years, work experience – 11.2 years. Sociological (survey) and analytical research methods were utilized in the study. Results: HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of main medical and social issues of modern days. Specialists of social care institutions will inevitably meet with people living with HIV during their practice. Their insufficient awareness about HIV transmission route, stigmatization of people living with HIV cause fear and reluctance to work with such recipients of the service. Respondents rated their knowledge on the issue of HIV-infection as satisfactory in 74.7%. All participants were well aware of main routs of HIV transmission however, mother-to-child transmission was known only by 66.1% of respondents. A certain lack of knowledge was revealed regarding self-perceived HIV risk as well as anxiety regarding working with HIV-infected clients and high rate of alert when working with HIV-positive colleagues. However, up to 25.7% of respondents expressed their readiness to help people living with HIV. Using condoms, disposable medical instruments and personal hygiene items as well as avoiding intravenous drug use were selected by survey participants as measures of HIV-infection prevention. Conclusion: the results of the research indicate insufficient level of awareness on the issue, because of which a conclusion can be made that there is a certain degree of stigmatization of clients living with HIV receiving social services, as well as existence of self-perceived occupational vulnerability to HIV among social workers. This reveals a necessity of further surveillance over social workers’ knowledge to define priority topics in order to increase their professional competence on the issue of HIV-infection as well as expediency of holding training seminars for specialists of social care institutions contributing to development of their practical skills in work with HIV-positive clients.
{"title":"Social care institutions workers of the far eastern federal district awareness on HIV-infection and its significance in providing quality services and lowering self-perceived HIV risk","authors":"I. O. Taenkova, O. E. Trotsenko, L. Balakhontseva, A. A. Taenkova, E. Bazykina","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-18-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-18-29","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of the research: to reveal level of awareness and stigmatizing factors that influence service provision, to disclose self-perceived HIV risk of social care workers and a necessity of planning events targeted at increasing their competence concerning the issues of HIV-infection. Materials and methods: by the means of a structured questionnaire, a sociological research was conducted among 386 specialists of social care institutions of 6 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district. Mean age of survey participants was 41.5 years, work experience – 11.2 years. Sociological (survey) and analytical research methods were utilized in the study. Results: HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of main medical and social issues of modern days. Specialists of social care institutions will inevitably meet with people living with HIV during their practice. Their insufficient awareness about HIV transmission route, stigmatization of people living with HIV cause fear and reluctance to work with such recipients of the service. Respondents rated their knowledge on the issue of HIV-infection as satisfactory in 74.7%. All participants were well aware of main routs of HIV transmission however, mother-to-child transmission was known only by 66.1% of respondents. A certain lack of knowledge was revealed regarding self-perceived HIV risk as well as anxiety regarding working with HIV-infected clients and high rate of alert when working with HIV-positive colleagues. However, up to 25.7% of respondents expressed their readiness to help people living with HIV. Using condoms, disposable medical instruments and personal hygiene items as well as avoiding intravenous drug use were selected by survey participants as measures of HIV-infection prevention. Conclusion: the results of the research indicate insufficient level of awareness on the issue, because of which a conclusion can be made that there is a certain degree of stigmatization of clients living with HIV receiving social services, as well as existence of self-perceived occupational vulnerability to HIV among social workers. This reveals a necessity of further surveillance over social workers’ knowledge to define priority topics in order to increase their professional competence on the issue of HIV-infection as well as expediency of holding training seminars for specialists of social care institutions contributing to development of their practical skills in work with HIV-positive clients.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"47 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-55-63
A. Y. Ionov, I. V. Kryuchkova, I. G. Shcherbinina, A. A. Ionova
The purpose of the study: to study the medical and social aspects of the activities of public institutions of the city of Yekaterinodar in the early twentieth century, as a reflection of global trends shaping the public health system. Materials and methods: historical-descriptive, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, biographical methods were used in the work. The article is based on published sources and archival materials available to the authors. Results. Currently, there is no doubt that the level of public health depends not only on the activities of medical institutions, the qualifications of doctors, medical staff, but also on the timely comprehensive solution of many social issues with the participation of public and state institutions. The article presents some examples of the formation of such interaction and original solutions to urgent medical and social problems in Yekaterinodar (now Krasnodar) at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. The issues of financing medical institutions, medical salaries and pensions, the organization of measures to combat epidemics, the formation of sanitary services, the opening of new specialized hospital departments, and services for the poorest segments of the population were touched upon. The elements of educational work, ways to solve the problem of high infant mortality and the organization of the first Consultation for infants are shown. Many doctors actively participated in the work of local city government, being “public” of the City Duma and the City Council, thereby contributing to the solution of many social and medical issues, including problems of payment for treatment, different categories of the population and “hospital arrears”. Conclusion . Thus, without having a clear state concept and program for the development of healthcare, the city administration, together with the medical community, demonstrated the desire and possibility of jointly solving many medical and social problems of the city of Yekaterinodar. That is, during this period, the potential properties and understanding of the need for the development of the public health system and sphere were formed in the regional society.
{"title":"Medical and social aspects of the activities of local self-government and the medical community of Yekaterinodar in the late XIX – early XX century","authors":"A. Y. Ionov, I. V. Kryuchkova, I. G. Shcherbinina, A. A. Ionova","doi":"10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2024-4-1-55-63","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to study the medical and social aspects of the activities of public institutions of the city of Yekaterinodar in the early twentieth century, as a reflection of global trends shaping the public health system. Materials and methods: historical-descriptive, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, biographical methods were used in the work. The article is based on published sources and archival materials available to the authors. Results. Currently, there is no doubt that the level of public health depends not only on the activities of medical institutions, the qualifications of doctors, medical staff, but also on the timely comprehensive solution of many social issues with the participation of public and state institutions. The article presents some examples of the formation of such interaction and original solutions to urgent medical and social problems in Yekaterinodar (now Krasnodar) at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century. The issues of financing medical institutions, medical salaries and pensions, the organization of measures to combat epidemics, the formation of sanitary services, the opening of new specialized hospital departments, and services for the poorest segments of the population were touched upon. The elements of educational work, ways to solve the problem of high infant mortality and the organization of the first Consultation for infants are shown. Many doctors actively participated in the work of local city government, being “public” of the City Duma and the City Council, thereby contributing to the solution of many social and medical issues, including problems of payment for treatment, different categories of the population and “hospital arrears”. Conclusion . Thus, without having a clear state concept and program for the development of healthcare, the city administration, together with the medical community, demonstrated the desire and possibility of jointly solving many medical and social problems of the city of Yekaterinodar. That is, during this period, the potential properties and understanding of the need for the development of the public health system and sphere were formed in the regional society.","PeriodicalId":507323,"journal":{"name":"Public Health","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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