Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ranjini
R. Ranjini
The main objective of bioinformatics is to augment the perception of biological data. Bioinformatics gains information from computer analysis of biological practices. Biologically active principles have both pharmaceutical and adverse effects on the organisms. PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software is used to estimate the general efficacy and safety of the phytochemicals. PASS simultaneously predicts several hundreds of biological activities of natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The average precision of prediction is about 90%. The extract from the seed of Silybum marianum contains silymarin, which is a complex mixture of polyphenolic molecules, including seven closely related flavonolignans, namely, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, isosilychristin, silydianin and one flavonoid namely taxifolin. Silymarin has been used to treat various hepatic diseases, including chronic and acute liver diseases in canines and felines. It is used as a nutritional supplement to treat liver diseases and toxicities and prevent certain cancers in companion animals. In the present study, the main phytochemicals reported from Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. were subjected to in-silico evaluation using PASS software. The methods, biological activity spectra and significance of the in-silico study are discussed. Keywords: Efficacy, In Silico, PASS, Phytochemicals, Silybum marianum, Toxicity
{"title":"Biological activity spectra of the main phytochemicals of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. by in silico study","authors":"R. Ranjini","doi":"10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ranjini","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ranjini","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of bioinformatics is to augment the perception of biological data. Bioinformatics gains information from computer analysis of biological practices. Biologically active principles have both pharmaceutical and adverse effects on the organisms. PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software is used to estimate the general efficacy and safety of the phytochemicals. PASS simultaneously predicts several hundreds of biological activities of natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The average precision of prediction is about 90%. The extract from the seed of Silybum marianum contains silymarin, which is a complex mixture of polyphenolic molecules, including seven closely related flavonolignans, namely, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, isosilychristin, silydianin and one flavonoid namely taxifolin. Silymarin has been used to treat various hepatic diseases, including chronic and acute liver diseases in canines and felines. It is used as a nutritional supplement to treat liver diseases and toxicities and prevent certain cancers in companion animals. In the present study, the main phytochemicals reported from Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. were subjected to in-silico evaluation using PASS software. The methods, biological activity spectra and significance of the in-silico study are discussed. Keywords: Efficacy, In Silico, PASS, Phytochemicals, Silybum marianum, Toxicity","PeriodicalId":507674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumar
A. Kumar, RK Lal, AK Gupta, CS Chanotiya
Lemongrasses found in India encompass Cymbopogon flexuosus, C. citratus, C. khasianus, and C. pendulus. This fragrant perennial grass belongs to the Poaceae family and is indigenous to India as well as other tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia and Africa. Pinpointing its precise place of origin is challenging due to its extensive history of cultivation and utilization across various cultures. It is believed to have originated in the maritime Southeast Asian region, encompassing countries like India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Lemongrass thrives in these regions and has played a significant role in their culinary and medicinal traditions for many generations. Among these, Cymbopogon citratus, a tropical lemongrass variety, is native to multiple Asian regions, particularly Southeast Asia and South Asia. It is widely cultivated and employed in a range of global cuisines and traditional healing practices. Lemongrass finds extensive applications in the herbal, medicinal, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fragrance industries. Lemongrass oil is known for its diverse biological properties, which encompass antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Not too long ago, India ranked as one of the world' leading exporters of lemongrass essential oil. Several prominent lemongrass cultivars have emerged, including GRL-1 (geraniol-rich), Krishna, Cauveri, Pragati, Praman, T-1, CIM Shikhar, Chirharit, CKP-25, SD-68, CIMAP Suwarna, and Krishnapriya. Among these, CIMAP Suwarna, Krishna, and CIM Shikhar stand out as the most widely favoured varieties across India developed at the CSIR-CIMAP in Lucknow, India. Indian universities and research institutions have also played a pivotal role in the development of novel lemongrass cultivars. Examples include Jor Lab L-2, OD-19, SD-68 (C. flexuosus), RRL-16 (C. pendulus), and CKP-25. Notably, there's Jor Lab L-9, a distinctive strain of C. khasianus known for its high methyl eugenol content. Furthermore, the germplasm for Malabar lemongrass (C. khasianus) is notable for its abundant herbage and elevated elemicin content, reaching up to 70%. The CSIR-NEIST in Jorhat and the CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow have contributed to the development of new high geraniol-rich lemongrass cultivars, such as "Jor Lab L-15" (C. khasianus), GRL-1, and CIM Atal (C. flexuosus), respectively. b: citral, elemicin, geraniol, methyl eugenol content, vitamin A, Cymbopogon, flexuosus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon citratus, Lemongrass varieties Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Elemicin, Geraniol, Lemongrass varieties, Methyl eugenol content, Vitamin A
{"title":"Historical and contemporary development of novel chemotype varieties with high essential oil of lemongrass in India: A review","authors":"A. Kumar, RK Lal, AK Gupta, CS Chanotiya","doi":"10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumar","url":null,"abstract":"Lemongrasses found in India encompass Cymbopogon flexuosus, C. citratus, C. khasianus, and C. pendulus. This fragrant perennial grass belongs to the Poaceae family and is indigenous to India as well as other tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia and Africa. Pinpointing its precise place of origin is challenging due to its extensive history of cultivation and utilization across various cultures. It is believed to have originated in the maritime Southeast Asian region, encompassing countries like India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Lemongrass thrives in these regions and has played a significant role in their culinary and medicinal traditions for many generations. Among these, Cymbopogon citratus, a tropical lemongrass variety, is native to multiple Asian regions, particularly Southeast Asia and South Asia. It is widely cultivated and employed in a range of global cuisines and traditional healing practices. Lemongrass finds extensive applications in the herbal, medicinal, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fragrance industries. Lemongrass oil is known for its diverse biological properties, which encompass antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Not too long ago, India ranked as one of the world' leading exporters of lemongrass essential oil. Several prominent lemongrass cultivars have emerged, including GRL-1 (geraniol-rich), Krishna, Cauveri, Pragati, Praman, T-1, CIM Shikhar, Chirharit, CKP-25, SD-68, CIMAP Suwarna, and Krishnapriya. Among these, CIMAP Suwarna, Krishna, and CIM Shikhar stand out as the most widely favoured varieties across India developed at the CSIR-CIMAP in Lucknow, India. Indian universities and research institutions have also played a pivotal role in the development of novel lemongrass cultivars. Examples include Jor Lab L-2, OD-19, SD-68 (C. flexuosus), RRL-16 (C. pendulus), and CKP-25. Notably, there's Jor Lab L-9, a distinctive strain of C. khasianus known for its high methyl eugenol content. Furthermore, the germplasm for Malabar lemongrass (C. khasianus) is notable for its abundant herbage and elevated elemicin content, reaching up to 70%. The CSIR-NEIST in Jorhat and the CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow have contributed to the development of new high geraniol-rich lemongrass cultivars, such as \"Jor Lab L-15\" (C. khasianus), GRL-1, and CIM Atal (C. flexuosus), respectively. b: citral, elemicin, geraniol, methyl eugenol content, vitamin A, Cymbopogon, flexuosus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon citratus, Lemongrass varieties Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon pendulus, Elemicin, Geraniol, Lemongrass varieties, Methyl eugenol content, Vitamin A","PeriodicalId":507674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.shukla
D. Shukla
In recent years, the growing interest in Cannabis sativa L., particularly its medicinal and aromatic properties, has propelled advancements in its tissue culture and genetic transformation techniques. This review delineates the significant strides and persistent challenges in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of the current methodologies and their implications. It discusses the synergistic effects of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium as well as the use of meta-topolin (mT). This synthetic cytokinin (mT) facilitates a high induction frequency and many shoots per explant. It introduces a time-efficient and resource-optimized pathway for Cannabis micropropagation and germplasm conservation. The genetic transformation in Cannabis was predominantly facilitated through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, a cornerstone technique that enabled the integration of foreign genes into the plant genome. Regulatory implications associated with gene editing in Cannabis sativa are highlighted. Despite these advancements, the field grapples with several challenges, including the recalcitrant nature of Cannabis, especially regarding in vitro propagation or genetic transformation, the genotypic specificity of regeneration protocols, and the reproducibility of existing methods. The complexity of the Cannabis genome, characterized by a high degree of polymorphism and multiple copies of specific genes, further exacerbates these challenges. Moreover, the current research landscape is marred by a lack of standardized protocols and variable responses among different Cannabis varieties, necessitating more robust and universally applicable protocols. This review underscores the pressing need for further research to optimize protocols for higher efficiency and to develop suitable systems for in-vitro plantlet regeneration. Cannabis sativa, Genetic transformation, Hemp, Regeneration, Tissue culture
{"title":"Exploring methodologies in Cannabis tissue-culture and genetic transformation: Opportunities and obstacles","authors":"D. Shukla","doi":"10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.shukla","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.shukla","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the growing interest in Cannabis sativa L., particularly its medicinal and aromatic properties, has propelled advancements in its tissue culture and genetic transformation techniques. This review delineates the significant strides and persistent challenges in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of the current methodologies and their implications. It discusses the synergistic effects of Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium as well as the use of meta-topolin (mT). This synthetic cytokinin (mT) facilitates a high induction frequency and many shoots per explant. It introduces a time-efficient and resource-optimized pathway for Cannabis micropropagation and germplasm conservation. The genetic transformation in Cannabis was predominantly facilitated through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, a cornerstone technique that enabled the integration of foreign genes into the plant genome. Regulatory implications associated with gene editing in Cannabis sativa are highlighted. Despite these advancements, the field grapples with several challenges, including the recalcitrant nature of Cannabis, especially regarding in vitro propagation or genetic transformation, the genotypic specificity of regeneration protocols, and the reproducibility of existing methods. The complexity of the Cannabis genome, characterized by a high degree of polymorphism and multiple copies of specific genes, further exacerbates these challenges. Moreover, the current research landscape is marred by a lack of standardized protocols and variable responses among different Cannabis varieties, necessitating more robust and universally applicable protocols. This review underscores the pressing need for further research to optimize protocols for higher efficiency and to develop suitable systems for in-vitro plantlet regeneration. Cannabis sativa, Genetic transformation, Hemp, Regeneration, Tissue culture","PeriodicalId":507674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences","volume":"71 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ravanachandar
A. Ravanachandar, S. Maheshwari, V. Deepika, M. Sudhakaran
Herbal medicines play a significant role in curing human and livestock diseases. It has been used since ancient times. Ethno-veterinary practices reduce the cost of livestock treatment compared to allopathy/scientific medicines, and herbal medicines are readily available without side effects. Ethno veterinary practices contain the knowledge and skills to prepare medicines and manage animals. The study discuss that 20 plant families and parts like flowers, rhizomes, seeds, leaves, bark and roots were used to cure various livestock problems. Most of the farmers use the plant leaves to cure the problems. The paper also review the role of medicinal plants in livestock health and the preparation of medicinal plants for livestock health care. Keywords: Ethno veterinary, Livestock health, Medicinal Plants
{"title":"A review of medicinal plants used for livestock health in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"A. Ravanachandar, S. Maheshwari, V. Deepika, M. Sudhakaran","doi":"10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ravanachandar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.ravanachandar","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines play a significant role in curing human and livestock diseases. It has been used since ancient times. Ethno-veterinary practices reduce the cost of livestock treatment compared to allopathy/scientific medicines, and herbal medicines are readily available without side effects. Ethno veterinary practices contain the knowledge and skills to prepare medicines and manage animals. The study discuss that 20 plant families and parts like flowers, rhizomes, seeds, leaves, bark and roots were used to cure various livestock problems. Most of the farmers use the plant leaves to cure the problems. The paper also review the role of medicinal plants in livestock health and the preparation of medicinal plants for livestock health care. Keywords: Ethno veterinary, Livestock health, Medicinal Plants","PeriodicalId":507674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences","volume":"41 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumari
R. Kumari
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species, and the body's ability to neutralize or detoxify them within a biological system. Although free radicals are essential for several physiological functions and cell signalling, excessive production triggered by factors such as stress, xenobiotic drugs, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and poor diet can lead to oxidative stress. While the human body possesses natural defence mechanisms to counter oxidative stress to a certain extent, uncontrolled levels of free radicals can disrupt normal bodily functions, causing damage to cells and tissues. This disruption can have negative implications on the body's overall function, potentially resulting in the development of various chronic disorders. These disorders encompass inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, among others. Antioxidants play a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of oxidative damage. They are substances that counteract the toxic impact of free radicals within cells, thereby promoting overall health. Natural antioxidants derived from plants are particularly instrumental in reducing oxidative stress within the human body. Compounds like flavonoids and phenolics found in medicinal plants act as essential defenders against stress-induced cellular damage. Consequently, these antioxidants contribute to the treatment of stress-related ailments, including neurodegenerative problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer – conditions that hold significant prevalence in modern-day society. Keyword: Chronic diseases, Medicinal plants, Natural antioxidants, Oxidative stress
{"title":"Role of medicinal plants as antioxidants in the treatment of oxidative stress-related human health disorders","authors":"R. Kumari","doi":"10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumari","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v45i1.kumari","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species, and the body's ability to neutralize or detoxify them within a biological system. Although free radicals are essential for several physiological functions and cell signalling, excessive production triggered by factors such as stress, xenobiotic drugs, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and poor diet can lead to oxidative stress. While the human body possesses natural defence mechanisms to counter oxidative stress to a certain extent, uncontrolled levels of free radicals can disrupt normal bodily functions, causing damage to cells and tissues. This disruption can have negative implications on the body's overall function, potentially resulting in the development of various chronic disorders. These disorders encompass inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, among others. Antioxidants play a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of oxidative damage. They are substances that counteract the toxic impact of free radicals within cells, thereby promoting overall health. Natural antioxidants derived from plants are particularly instrumental in reducing oxidative stress within the human body. Compounds like flavonoids and phenolics found in medicinal plants act as essential defenders against stress-induced cellular damage. Consequently, these antioxidants contribute to the treatment of stress-related ailments, including neurodegenerative problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer – conditions that hold significant prevalence in modern-day society. Keyword: Chronic diseases, Medicinal plants, Natural antioxidants, Oxidative stress","PeriodicalId":507674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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