Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265598
Felix Mallin, J. Sidaway
For over a century, spatialised economic representations of variegated political strands have found a convenient linguistic shell in the term geoeconomics. Since the 1990s, iterations of geoeconomics, usually citing the US-based strategist Edward Luttwak, have become subject to attendant scrutiny by geographers. However, the longer arc of geoeconomic postulates and reasoning, deeply entwined with key 20th century political moments and economic events has long been overlooked. Notably, nearly all of these arguments share a common desire to twist the economic spaces of capitalism towards particular national-political aims that nonetheless are planetary in reach. Invariably this means that geoeconomics’ entanglement with imperialism merits careful consideration. Alongside the range of other interventions assembled in this set, we therefore call for a broad and sustained effort to respond to the present ‘geoeconomics boom’, that is fuelled by a transatlantic, and increasingly trans-Pacific, think-tank industry. In these contexts, we chart vectors for a critical geoeconomics in the form of five condensed theses inviting further debate.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241266761
Emily Rosenman
Informed by economic geography’s history and by contemporary feminist thought, this exchanges commentary proposes the strategic reclamation of outrage to inform the construction and purpose of explanation in the subfield.
{"title":"From relational thinking to relational politics of responsibility: Reclaiming outrage in economic geography","authors":"Emily Rosenman","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241266761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241266761","url":null,"abstract":"Informed by economic geography’s history and by contemporary feminist thought, this exchanges commentary proposes the strategic reclamation of outrage to inform the construction and purpose of explanation in the subfield.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265589
Carlo Inverardi-Ferri
This essay develops a critique of emerging narratives on the geoeconomics of climate change. In recent years a growing policy agenda on climate change that can be listed under the rubric of geoeconomics has emerged in the literature. This scholarship is characterised by persistent imaginaries that articulate geopolitical fears and geoeconomic hopes over nature and society. The key argument mobilised in this discourse is that ecological shifts raise considerable threats, some of which are geopolitical in nature. At the same time, they also represent tremendous geoeconomic opportunities for businesses in terms of new industries such as in the area of the energy transition. Analysing dominant narratives and providing examples from the photovoltaic industry, this essay develops an anti-geoeconomics of climate change that links the sites of production to those of reproduction and aims to reverse the order between the positions of power where climate change is discussed and the places where it is embodied and lived.
{"title":"An anti-geoeconomics of climate change","authors":"Carlo Inverardi-Ferri","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265589","url":null,"abstract":"This essay develops a critique of emerging narratives on the geoeconomics of climate change. In recent years a growing policy agenda on climate change that can be listed under the rubric of geoeconomics has emerged in the literature. This scholarship is characterised by persistent imaginaries that articulate geopolitical fears and geoeconomic hopes over nature and society. The key argument mobilised in this discourse is that ecological shifts raise considerable threats, some of which are geopolitical in nature. At the same time, they also represent tremendous geoeconomic opportunities for businesses in terms of new industries such as in the area of the energy transition. Analysing dominant narratives and providing examples from the photovoltaic industry, this essay develops an anti-geoeconomics of climate change that links the sites of production to those of reproduction and aims to reverse the order between the positions of power where climate change is discussed and the places where it is embodied and lived.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265293
Matt Sparke
Recent shifts in global hegemony make the need for critical geographical accounts of geoeconomics and geopolitics that much more critical. They underline that we need to come to terms with their dialectical relationships and tensions, doing so in relation to both underlying struggles over international hegemony and uneven capitalist development as well as in relation to all sorts of complex overlying socio-cultural formations. Critical geographers can combine their diverse approaches more effectively to do this analytical work by adapting recent forms of conjunctural analysis in urban, economic and regional geography.
{"title":"Defining geoeconomics amid shifts in global hegemony: Critical geographies of new international conjunctures","authors":"Matt Sparke","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265293","url":null,"abstract":"Recent shifts in global hegemony make the need for critical geographical accounts of geoeconomics and geopolitics that much more critical. They underline that we need to come to terms with their dialectical relationships and tensions, doing so in relation to both underlying struggles over international hegemony and uneven capitalist development as well as in relation to all sorts of complex overlying socio-cultural formations. Critical geographers can combine their diverse approaches more effectively to do this analytical work by adapting recent forms of conjunctural analysis in urban, economic and regional geography.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241260162
Vanessa L Banta
In recent years, scholars have taken interest in the significant remittance contributions of Filipinos living and working abroad to what some have called the Philippine ‘real estate boom’. In the case of real estate property as investment, however, much remains unknown with regards to how major Philippine real estate developers capture, facilitate and ensure the continuous flow of migrant investments into condominium units in the Philippines. This article examines how Philippine real estate developers make use of a particular kind of sales labour to reach various Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) populations. It argues that most major developers rely on a hierarchical, networked and transnationalized labour arrangement, composed mainly of licensed and unlicensed sales agents. Drawing from interviews with sales agents working in and between the cities of Metro Manila and Dubai, it then complicates dominant depictions of real estate sales agents by demonstrating the precarious conditions they work under as well as how this flexible labour arrangement often works in two ways. First, this article demonstrates that through their sales labour, specific Filipino migrant community dynamics such as community leadership, charity and other migrant ‘life projects’ such as investments, side hustles and debt get absorbed into the very circuitry of real estate accumulation. Second, through sales agents’ recruitment of OFW ‘marketing partners’, Philippine real estate developers are able to enter and expand into spaces of migrant advocacy and of migrant in/formal work to enrol OFWs either as potential investors, as labour or both.
{"title":"Making the hard sale: Migrant sales agents and the precarious labours of Philippine real estate brokerage","authors":"Vanessa L Banta","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241260162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241260162","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, scholars have taken interest in the significant remittance contributions of Filipinos living and working abroad to what some have called the Philippine ‘real estate boom’. In the case of real estate property as investment, however, much remains unknown with regards to how major Philippine real estate developers capture, facilitate and ensure the continuous flow of migrant investments into condominium units in the Philippines. This article examines how Philippine real estate developers make use of a particular kind of sales labour to reach various Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) populations. It argues that most major developers rely on a hierarchical, networked and transnationalized labour arrangement, composed mainly of licensed and unlicensed sales agents. Drawing from interviews with sales agents working in and between the cities of Metro Manila and Dubai, it then complicates dominant depictions of real estate sales agents by demonstrating the precarious conditions they work under as well as how this flexible labour arrangement often works in two ways. First, this article demonstrates that through their sales labour, specific Filipino migrant community dynamics such as community leadership, charity and other migrant ‘life projects’ such as investments, side hustles and debt get absorbed into the very circuitry of real estate accumulation. Second, through sales agents’ recruitment of OFW ‘marketing partners’, Philippine real estate developers are able to enter and expand into spaces of migrant advocacy and of migrant in/formal work to enrol OFWs either as potential investors, as labour or both.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265805
Don Mitchell
Responding to the oft-asked question, ‘what counts as labour’s agency?’ this paper engages with recent developments in labour geography to argue that labour geographers would benefit from paying close attention to the nitty-gritty struggles over – and not only for – the contract. Taking the case of the United Farm Workers’ efforts to administer its newly-won contracts in the agribusiness fields of California in the 1970s, it suggests that labour’s agency is often not just expressed, but made to count, in the midst of the most mundane – and often tedious – of circumstances, like late night-grievance procedure meetings. The paper argues that not just labour’s agency, but its class power, is often formed and deployed – and sometimes countered – in the details of how the collective interests of workers, on the farm or across a region, and handled.
{"title":"Labour geography is tedious: Of contracts, grievances and the nitty-gritty of worker agency in United Farm Workers-era California","authors":"Don Mitchell","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265805","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to the oft-asked question, ‘what counts as labour’s agency?’ this paper engages with recent developments in labour geography to argue that labour geographers would benefit from paying close attention to the nitty-gritty struggles over – and not only for – the contract. Taking the case of the United Farm Workers’ efforts to administer its newly-won contracts in the agribusiness fields of California in the 1970s, it suggests that labour’s agency is often not just expressed, but made to count, in the midst of the most mundane – and often tedious – of circumstances, like late night-grievance procedure meetings. The paper argues that not just labour’s agency, but its class power, is often formed and deployed – and sometimes countered – in the details of how the collective interests of workers, on the farm or across a region, and handled.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265283
J. Guthman, Madeleine Fairbairn
Circa 2023, after receiving much hype and investment, two agri-food technologies touted for their world-changing potential, bioengineered animal protein substitutes and vertical (indoor) farms, began to falter economically. Tech sector observers attributed the fall to typical hype cycle dynamics; this paper provides a deeper read. Based on research involving over ninety interviews with agri-food tech sector actors and observation at nearly 100 industry events, we show an unrealized socioecological fix as first conceptualized by Ekers and Prudham. As attempts at preemption, these technologies were able to attract excess capital to an area believed to be in need of fixing, and their backers anticipated and in some cases tried to promote the devaluation of legacy production systems. But the technologies on offer failed to become cost competitive in a timely way since legacy production systems continued to be productive and profitable. It was these new companies that became uncompetitive and overvalued, which in turn turned investments in them into bad ones. Ironically, the agri-food tech sector has eschewed a path which might have made their products competitive, which is social regulation of legacy production systems. Instead they effectively speculated that such systems would implode under their own contradictions.
{"title":"Speculating on collapse: Unrealized socioecological fixes of agri-food tech","authors":"J. Guthman, Madeleine Fairbairn","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265283","url":null,"abstract":"Circa 2023, after receiving much hype and investment, two agri-food technologies touted for their world-changing potential, bioengineered animal protein substitutes and vertical (indoor) farms, began to falter economically. Tech sector observers attributed the fall to typical hype cycle dynamics; this paper provides a deeper read. Based on research involving over ninety interviews with agri-food tech sector actors and observation at nearly 100 industry events, we show an unrealized socioecological fix as first conceptualized by Ekers and Prudham. As attempts at preemption, these technologies were able to attract excess capital to an area believed to be in need of fixing, and their backers anticipated and in some cases tried to promote the devaluation of legacy production systems. But the technologies on offer failed to become cost competitive in a timely way since legacy production systems continued to be productive and profitable. It was these new companies that became uncompetitive and overvalued, which in turn turned investments in them into bad ones. Ironically, the agri-food tech sector has eschewed a path which might have made their products competitive, which is social regulation of legacy production systems. Instead they effectively speculated that such systems would implode under their own contradictions.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265599
Henryk Szadziewski
Everyday geoeconomics explores the often overlooked yet prevalent influence of geoeconomic forces on the daily lives of individuals and communities. This essay examines how economic strategies made at national and transnational levels resonate within local contexts, shaping consumption patterns, labour markets and socio-cultural dynamics. This reveals the intricate interplay between macroeconomic policies and their micro-level consequences on households and businesses, as well as ways in which actors manage their interests upwards within the context of an increasingly strategic global economy. Foregrounding local responses not only acknowledges geoeconomics’ tangible impacts, but also re-examines the methods in research on geoeconomics. Recognizing the significance of an everyday geoeconomics is essential for crafting inclusive policies that address the needs and aspirations of diverse populations.
{"title":"Encompassing the everyday: Grounded responses to the geoeconomic","authors":"Henryk Szadziewski","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265599","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday geoeconomics explores the often overlooked yet prevalent influence of geoeconomic forces on the daily lives of individuals and communities. This essay examines how economic strategies made at national and transnational levels resonate within local contexts, shaping consumption patterns, labour markets and socio-cultural dynamics. This reveals the intricate interplay between macroeconomic policies and their micro-level consequences on households and businesses, as well as ways in which actors manage their interests upwards within the context of an increasingly strategic global economy. Foregrounding local responses not only acknowledges geoeconomics’ tangible impacts, but also re-examines the methods in research on geoeconomics. Recognizing the significance of an everyday geoeconomics is essential for crafting inclusive policies that address the needs and aspirations of diverse populations.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265292
Gerry Kearns
Placed outside theory, the ‘original condition’ provides theory’s unquestioned foundation. For the discourses explicated as geoeconomics by Mallin and Sidaway, the points of departure include a capitalist economy on a world scale, and a set of states constituted around the pursuit of profit for private enterprises in turn understood as comprising the national economy. In this commentary I highlight how this version of the original condition has been assembled from discourses such as the political economy in the tale of Robinson Crusoe and the philosophy of a racialised homeland in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. This interrogation offers an alternative genealogy to the study of the circulation of the term ‘geoeconomics’.
{"title":"The geopolitical economy of the original condition","authors":"Gerry Kearns","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265292","url":null,"abstract":"Placed outside theory, the ‘original condition’ provides theory’s unquestioned foundation. For the discourses explicated as geoeconomics by Mallin and Sidaway, the points of departure include a capitalist economy on a world scale, and a set of states constituted around the pursuit of profit for private enterprises in turn understood as comprising the national economy. In this commentary I highlight how this version of the original condition has been assembled from discourses such as the political economy in the tale of Robinson Crusoe and the philosophy of a racialised homeland in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. This interrogation offers an alternative genealogy to the study of the circulation of the term ‘geoeconomics’.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/0308518x241265289
Kean Fan Lim
Cutting-edge research on geoeconomics has under-explored one core constituent – the firm. Presenting two empirical ‘snapshots’ from different historical-geographical conjunctures, this essay spotlights the continuities that underpin firms’ function as geoeconomic actors. The first conjuncture is the expansion of British geoeconomic influence through the East India Company. The US government’s ongoing attempt to curtail attempts by China-based firms to develop high performance semiconductor chips comprises the second conjuncture. While each snapshot is distinct, the logics from the first conjuncture can be utilised for understanding how firms’ operating logics impact on state-driven geoeconomic strategies during the second conjuncture. These snapshots collectively demonstrate how the evolution of transnational economic integration has been underpinned by proactive firm attempts at expanding foreign operations. The effects of these attempts on states’ geoeconomic objectives will subsequently trigger positive or negative interventions by state actors. A new ‘critical geoeconomics’ agenda must therefore consider how firms constitute and/or constrain geoeconomic influence.
{"title":"The firm as a geoeconomic actor","authors":"Kean Fan Lim","doi":"10.1177/0308518x241265289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241265289","url":null,"abstract":"Cutting-edge research on geoeconomics has under-explored one core constituent – the firm. Presenting two empirical ‘snapshots’ from different historical-geographical conjunctures, this essay spotlights the continuities that underpin firms’ function as geoeconomic actors. The first conjuncture is the expansion of British geoeconomic influence through the East India Company. The US government’s ongoing attempt to curtail attempts by China-based firms to develop high performance semiconductor chips comprises the second conjuncture. While each snapshot is distinct, the logics from the first conjuncture can be utilised for understanding how firms’ operating logics impact on state-driven geoeconomic strategies during the second conjuncture. These snapshots collectively demonstrate how the evolution of transnational economic integration has been underpinned by proactive firm attempts at expanding foreign operations. The effects of these attempts on states’ geoeconomic objectives will subsequently trigger positive or negative interventions by state actors. A new ‘critical geoeconomics’ agenda must therefore consider how firms constitute and/or constrain geoeconomic influence.","PeriodicalId":507698,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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