Ranabir Chakraborty, T. Purakayastha, B. Ramakrishnan, B. Kour, Arpan Bhowmik, Abinash Das
An investigation was carried out from November, 2020 to April, 2021 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, employing a split-split plot layout with two cropping systems (rice-wheat and maize-wheat), four long-term crop residue management strategies including burning (CRB), removal (CRR), incorporation (CRI), and biochar (BC), and two nitrogen management: neem-coated urea (NCU) and Urea+dual (urease+nitrification) inhibitor (UUINI). Soil DNA was extracted and quantified for 16S bacteria, 16S archaea, nifH, ureC and anammox abundances using quantitative PCR. Additionally, Soil samples were analysed for available nitrogen (urea, NH4+, NO3-) and water-soluble carbon. Rice-wheat rotations favoured higher 16S bacterial abundance while maize-wheat elevated 16S archaea. Notably, CRI and BC exhibited higher bacterial abundance compared to CRR and CRB, while minimal impact was noticed for archaea. The nifH gene abundance was influenced by all treatments along with their interactions. UreC gene copies exhibited a direct relationship with 16S archaea and an inverse relationship with 16S bacteria; UUINI showed a higher abundance of ureC under CRI and BC in both cropping systems. Moreover, anammox abundance correlated positively with NH4+ and NO3- but negatively with unhydrolyzed urea, indicating the inhibitory effect of UUINI. These findings underscore the complex relationships among inhibitors, residue management, cropping systems and soil microbial communities, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to optimise nutrient cycling and soil health in agricultural systems.
{"title":"Long Term Effect of Residue Management, Nitrification and Urease Inhibitor on Non-target Soil Bacterial Community in Rice–Wheat and Maize–Wheat Cropping Systems","authors":"Ranabir Chakraborty, T. Purakayastha, B. Ramakrishnan, B. Kour, Arpan Bhowmik, Abinash Das","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5393","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was carried out from November, 2020 to April, 2021 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, employing a split-split plot layout with two cropping systems (rice-wheat and maize-wheat), four long-term crop residue management strategies including burning (CRB), removal (CRR), incorporation (CRI), and biochar (BC), and two nitrogen management: neem-coated urea (NCU) and Urea+dual (urease+nitrification) inhibitor (UUINI). Soil DNA was extracted and quantified for 16S bacteria, 16S archaea, nifH, ureC and anammox abundances using quantitative PCR. Additionally, Soil samples were analysed for available nitrogen (urea, NH4+, NO3-) and water-soluble carbon. Rice-wheat rotations favoured higher 16S bacterial abundance while maize-wheat elevated 16S archaea. Notably, CRI and BC exhibited higher bacterial abundance compared to CRR and CRB, while minimal impact was noticed for archaea. The nifH gene abundance was influenced by all treatments along with their interactions. UreC gene copies exhibited a direct relationship with 16S archaea and an inverse relationship with 16S bacteria; UUINI showed a higher abundance of ureC under CRI and BC in both cropping systems. Moreover, anammox abundance correlated positively with NH4+ and NO3- but negatively with unhydrolyzed urea, indicating the inhibitory effect of UUINI. These findings underscore the complex relationships among inhibitors, residue management, cropping systems and soil microbial communities, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to optimise nutrient cycling and soil health in agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"97 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. P. Goud, D. A. Kumari, Veera Suresh, B. S. K. Nikhil, A. Mamatha
Field experiments were conducted at Vegetable Research Station, Hyderabad, India during rabi seasons (October–March) of 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22 to study the performance of high TSS varieties of onion in initial evaluation trial, advanced varietal trial-I and advanced varietal trial-II as part of All India Network Research Project on Onion and Garlic. The entries tested were DOGR-HT-1, DOGR-HT-2, DOGR-HT-3, DOGR-HT-4, Agrifound White, PKV White and Bhima Shweta. The predominant colour of all the entries was white and the predominant shape of the bulbs was oval. High amount of uniformity in bulb size was reported by Bhima Shweta and PKV white, while the rest of the entries DOGR-HT-1, 2, 3, 4 and Agrifound White reported average uniformity in bulb size. Among the seven entries tested DOGR-HT-2 reported the highest TSS value (17.77 °Brix) followed by DOGR-HT-3 (15.30 °Brix) and the least TSS value was reported by DOGR-HT-1. Maximum mean bulb weight (100.73 g), marketable yield (49.03 tha-1) and total yield (50.48 t ha-1) was reported by Bhima Shweta and it was followed by PKV White (100.26 g, 48.99 t ha-1 and 50.28 t ha-1). The least average bulb yield (84.31 g), marketable yield (41.09 t ha-1) and total yield (42.34 t ha-1) was reported by DOGR-HT-2 but was at par with DOGR-HT-3 and DOGR-HT-4. Minimum incidence of thrips and purple blotch were noticed in DOGR-HT-4.
{"title":"Performance of High TSS Onion Varieties in Telangana","authors":"R. P. Goud, D. A. Kumari, Veera Suresh, B. S. K. Nikhil, A. Mamatha","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5413","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Vegetable Research Station, Hyderabad, India during rabi seasons (October–March) of 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22 to study the performance of high TSS varieties of onion in initial evaluation trial, advanced varietal trial-I and advanced varietal trial-II as part of All India Network Research Project on Onion and Garlic. The entries tested were DOGR-HT-1, DOGR-HT-2, DOGR-HT-3, DOGR-HT-4, Agrifound White, PKV White and Bhima Shweta. The predominant colour of all the entries was white and the predominant shape of the bulbs was oval. High amount of uniformity in bulb size was reported by Bhima Shweta and PKV white, while the rest of the entries DOGR-HT-1, 2, 3, 4 and Agrifound White reported average uniformity in bulb size. Among the seven entries tested DOGR-HT-2 reported the highest TSS value (17.77 °Brix) followed by DOGR-HT-3 (15.30 °Brix) and the least TSS value was reported by DOGR-HT-1. Maximum mean bulb weight (100.73 g), marketable yield (49.03 tha-1) and total yield (50.48 t ha-1) was reported by Bhima Shweta and it was followed by PKV White (100.26 g, 48.99 t ha-1 and 50.28 t ha-1). The least average bulb yield (84.31 g), marketable yield (41.09 t ha-1) and total yield (42.34 t ha-1) was reported by DOGR-HT-2 but was at par with DOGR-HT-3 and DOGR-HT-4. Minimum incidence of thrips and purple blotch were noticed in DOGR-HT-4.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. D. Prajapati, P. M. Chauhan, A. S. Prajapati, P. T. Sutaria, Y. H. Vaghasiya
The present study was conducted to determine the incidence and extent of uterine adhesions following uterine torsion in Mehsana buffaloes. A total of 109 uterine torsion-affected buffaloes were recorded for treatment during the January, 2020 to December, 2022, and they are included in the present work. All the buffaloes were scanned by per-rectal, trans-abdominal ultrasonography and grossly inspection of the uterus during the caesarean section for the presence of adhesions and its nature of extensiveness to the uterus. The uterine adhesions through ultrasonography were predicted by the presence of fibrin bands and absent of anechoic fluid between the omentum and uterine serosa layer. Grossly, the extent of the uterine adhesions was classified as either localized or widespread type flimsy to dense in nature during the caesarean operation. The intra-operative in-situ detorsion was achieved in buffaloes with flimsy type uterine adhesions. The overall incidence of adhesions was recorded to be 29.36%. Among them, the incidence of localized type was observed in 21 buffaloes (65.62%) and widespread variety in 11 buffaloes (34.38%), either flimsy or dense. The majority of adhesions were found between the uterus and the inner omental layer. It is concluded that the incidence of uterine adhesions in uterine torsion-affected buffaloes was reported to be 29.36% using different techniques to identify the localized to widespread uterine adhesions. Further, ultrasonography can be helpful in the prediction and early detection of uterine adhesion in buffaloes with uterine torsion, which helps in better obstetrical management.
{"title":"Diagnosis, Incidence and Extent of Adhesions in Buffaloes with Uterine Torsion at Referral Hospital","authors":"R. D. Prajapati, P. M. Chauhan, A. S. Prajapati, P. T. Sutaria, Y. H. Vaghasiya","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5352","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the incidence and extent of uterine adhesions following uterine torsion in Mehsana buffaloes. A total of 109 uterine torsion-affected buffaloes were recorded for treatment during the January, 2020 to December, 2022, and they are included in the present work. All the buffaloes were scanned by per-rectal, trans-abdominal ultrasonography and grossly inspection of the uterus during the caesarean section for the presence of adhesions and its nature of extensiveness to the uterus. The uterine adhesions through ultrasonography were predicted by the presence of fibrin bands and absent of anechoic fluid between the omentum and uterine serosa layer. Grossly, the extent of the uterine adhesions was classified as either localized or widespread type flimsy to dense in nature during the caesarean operation. The intra-operative in-situ detorsion was achieved in buffaloes with flimsy type uterine adhesions. The overall incidence of adhesions was recorded to be 29.36%. Among them, the incidence of localized type was observed in 21 buffaloes (65.62%) and widespread variety in 11 buffaloes (34.38%), either flimsy or dense. The majority of adhesions were found between the uterus and the inner omental layer. It is concluded that the incidence of uterine adhesions in uterine torsion-affected buffaloes was reported to be 29.36% using different techniques to identify the localized to widespread uterine adhesions. Further, ultrasonography can be helpful in the prediction and early detection of uterine adhesion in buffaloes with uterine torsion, which helps in better obstetrical management.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"83 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Farheen, G. Arunakumari, K. C. Reddy, K. C. Reddy, P. Nagaraj, B. Priyanka
The experiment was conducted during 2023 (January–October), at Embryo transfer and in-vitro fertilization project, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Jagitial district, Telangana, India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Follicle Stimulating Hormone stimulation on In-Vitro Fertilization rates with sexed semen in-vitro matured oocytes collected from Sahiwal cows via Ovum Pick-Up procedure. Irrespective of the estrus cycle, 20 non-lactating cows were divided into two equal groups. Animals in group 1 (non-stimulated, n=10) were subjected to ovum pick-up once at the random stage of the estrous cycle. Animals in group 2 (FSH Stimulated, n=10) were put under CIDR+FSH super stimulation protocol and subjected to OPU after 36 hours of coasting period. Viable oocytes were in-vitro fertilized using sexed-sorted semen after 24 hours of In-vitro maturation. Follicle stimulating hormone stimulation increased the secondary polar body extrusion rate (non-stimulated, 69.10±2.00% vs FSH stimulated, 79.84±1.55%), cleavage rate on day 1(non-stimulated, 60.69±3.04% vs FSH stimulated, 69.10±2.26%), cleavage rate on day 3 (non-stimulated, 35.62±3.32 vs FSH stimulated, 43.59±1.90), mean number of In-vitro produced blastocysts animal-1 (non-stimulated, 1.50±0.16 vs. FSH-treated, 4.10±0.23%) and blastocyst conversion rate (non-stimulated, 23.98±2.39% vs FSH-treated, 34.35±3.42%). We concluded that FSH stimulation was effective in improving In-vitro oocyte competence for embryo production in non-lactating Sahiwal cows with sexed semen.
实验于 2023 年（1 月至 10 月）在印度特兰甘纳邦 Jagitial 地区 Korutla 兽医科学学院兽医妇产科系胚胎移植和体外受精项目中进行。本研究的目的是评估卵泡刺激素对通过取卵程序从萨希瓦尔奶牛体内采集的体外成熟卵母细胞与性别精液进行体外受精率的影响。不考虑发情周期，将 20 头非哺乳期奶牛分为两组。第 1 组（非刺激组，n=10）的动物在发情周期的随机阶段进行一次取卵。第 2 组（FSH 刺激组，n=10）的动物接受 CIDR+FSH 超级刺激方案，并在 36 小时的平流期后接受 OPU。体外成熟 24 小时后，使用性别分选精液对有活力的卵母细胞进行体外受精。卵泡刺激素刺激增加了次级极体挤出率（非刺激，69.10±2.00% vs FSH刺激，79.84±1.55%）、第1天分裂率（非刺激，60.69±3.04% vs FSH刺激，69.10±2.26%）、第3天分裂率（非刺激，35.62±3.32 vs FSH刺激，43.59±1.90）、体外生产的平均囊胚数动物-1（非刺激，1.50±0.16 vs FSH处理，4.10±0.23%）和囊胚转化率（非刺激，23.98±2.39% vs FSH处理，34.35±3.42%）。我们得出的结论是，FSH 刺激能有效提高非哺乳期萨希瓦尔奶牛体外卵母细胞的能力，促进胚胎生产。
{"title":"Revolutionizing Cattle Breeding: Studies on In-vitro Embryo Production in Sahiwal Cows with Sexed Semen","authors":"S. R. Farheen, G. Arunakumari, K. C. Reddy, K. C. Reddy, P. Nagaraj, B. Priyanka","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5457","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during 2023 (January–October), at Embryo transfer and in-vitro fertilization project, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Jagitial district, Telangana, India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Follicle Stimulating Hormone stimulation on In-Vitro Fertilization rates with sexed semen in-vitro matured oocytes collected from Sahiwal cows via Ovum Pick-Up procedure. Irrespective of the estrus cycle, 20 non-lactating cows were divided into two equal groups. Animals in group 1 (non-stimulated, n=10) were subjected to ovum pick-up once at the random stage of the estrous cycle. Animals in group 2 (FSH Stimulated, n=10) were put under CIDR+FSH super stimulation protocol and subjected to OPU after 36 hours of coasting period. Viable oocytes were in-vitro fertilized using sexed-sorted semen after 24 hours of In-vitro maturation. Follicle stimulating hormone stimulation increased the secondary polar body extrusion rate (non-stimulated, 69.10±2.00% vs FSH stimulated, 79.84±1.55%), cleavage rate on day 1(non-stimulated, 60.69±3.04% vs FSH stimulated, 69.10±2.26%), cleavage rate on day 3 (non-stimulated, 35.62±3.32 vs FSH stimulated, 43.59±1.90), mean number of In-vitro produced blastocysts animal-1 (non-stimulated, 1.50±0.16 vs. FSH-treated, 4.10±0.23%) and blastocyst conversion rate (non-stimulated, 23.98±2.39% vs FSH-treated, 34.35±3.42%). We concluded that FSH stimulation was effective in improving In-vitro oocyte competence for embryo production in non-lactating Sahiwal cows with sexed semen.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"69 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subal Kumar Ghosh, Rupali Das, Binaya Bhusan Nayak, K. Xavier, A. Balange, Husain Nottanalan, Sandeep Bhaskar Gore
The present experiment was conducted during March–May 2022 at ICAR–CIFE, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India to develop a unique fish feed from locally available vegetable, and fish processing waste. These two sources of the waste were used in composite bio-silage (CBS) production by combining fish (80%)–vegetable (20%) waste with probiotic proteolytic strain (E. faecalis+L. acidophilus) and jaggery (15% Jaggery) as a carbon source. The final CBS materials were used in experimental fish feed preparation by replacing fish meal (FM) protein. Changes in physicochemical, and microbiological quality characteristics of fish feed were measured every 15th day at room temperature (25–30°C). There was no change in color, the appearance of a moderately bad odour, a little bit of soft texture, and broken pellets were found in the later stages of the storage. Crude protein (38.50–36.10%) and fat (8.60–4.82%) content were decreased whereas, moisture content increased (9.15–11.10%) in all samples during the storage period. There were no notable changes in ash or crude fiber. Lipid oxidation product TBARs (8.0–13.205 MDA; nmol mg-1), Total Plate Count (2.75–6.70 log cfu g-1), and Fungal Count (1–2.50 log cfu g-1) were within acceptable range. The study’s findings indicated that composite bio-silage incorporated fish feed has a shelf life of up to 60th days and can be fed during this period. The study also suggested that manufactured fish feed should not be stored for more than two months, either in the place of production or at the farmer’s store.
{"title":"Evaluation of Quality and Stability of Fish-vegetable Composite Bio-silage based Fish Feed Stored at Room Temperature","authors":"Subal Kumar Ghosh, Rupali Das, Binaya Bhusan Nayak, K. Xavier, A. Balange, Husain Nottanalan, Sandeep Bhaskar Gore","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5422","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted during March–May 2022 at ICAR–CIFE, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India to develop a unique fish feed from locally available vegetable, and fish processing waste. These two sources of the waste were used in composite bio-silage (CBS) production by combining fish (80%)–vegetable (20%) waste with probiotic proteolytic strain (E. faecalis+L. acidophilus) and jaggery (15% Jaggery) as a carbon source. The final CBS materials were used in experimental fish feed preparation by replacing fish meal (FM) protein. Changes in physicochemical, and microbiological quality characteristics of fish feed were measured every 15th day at room temperature (25–30°C). There was no change in color, the appearance of a moderately bad odour, a little bit of soft texture, and broken pellets were found in the later stages of the storage. Crude protein (38.50–36.10%) and fat (8.60–4.82%) content were decreased whereas, moisture content increased (9.15–11.10%) in all samples during the storage period. There were no notable changes in ash or crude fiber. Lipid oxidation product TBARs (8.0–13.205 MDA; nmol mg-1), Total Plate Count (2.75–6.70 log cfu g-1), and Fungal Count (1–2.50 log cfu g-1) were within acceptable range. The study’s findings indicated that composite bio-silage incorporated fish feed has a shelf life of up to 60th days and can be fed during this period. The study also suggested that manufactured fish feed should not be stored for more than two months, either in the place of production or at the farmer’s store.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saptashree Das, Manabendra Ray, Aditi Saha Roy, Subhajit Barat
Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plants that interfere with cultivated crops for utilization of natural resources such as nutrients, water, and light, space, causing harbor of insect pests and disease adverse allelopathic effects and increasing cost of production indirectly, reducing crop yield. India is an agrarian country, where cropping systems form the backbone of Indian agriculture. Every cropping system has its associated weeds, and to manage these weeds requires a specific crop management approach. The main rice-based cropping systems in India, such as rice-wheat, rice-rice, rice-pulse, rice-maize, and rice-oilseed, have been pivotal in ensuring food security. However, these systems face significant challenges due to weed infestations, leading to yield losses ranging from 13% to 97%. Weeds like grass, sedge and broad-leaf weed varieties pose a substantial threat to these crops, particularly in direct-seeded conditions. To manage weeds effectively, various approaches are employed, including crop rotation, tillage, herbicide application, and intercropping. For instance, in rice-wheat systems, zero-tillage practices, crop residue mulch, and early sowing help to reduce weed emergence. In rice-pulse systems, pre-emergence herbicides, hand weeding, and intercropping prove effective. Maize-based systems benefit from tillage, mulching, and planting at closer spacing. Weed management is critical to sustaining rice-based cropping systems and ensuring food security in India. Tailored strategies that consider crop-specific challenges are essential to mitigate yield losses and maintain agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Weed Diversity and their Management in Major Rice-based Cropping Systems in India","authors":"Saptashree Das, Manabendra Ray, Aditi Saha Roy, Subhajit Barat","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5354","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plants that interfere with cultivated crops for utilization of natural resources such as nutrients, water, and light, space, causing harbor of insect pests and disease adverse allelopathic effects and increasing cost of production indirectly, reducing crop yield. India is an agrarian country, where cropping systems form the backbone of Indian agriculture. Every cropping system has its associated weeds, and to manage these weeds requires a specific crop management approach. The main rice-based cropping systems in India, such as rice-wheat, rice-rice, rice-pulse, rice-maize, and rice-oilseed, have been pivotal in ensuring food security. However, these systems face significant challenges due to weed infestations, leading to yield losses ranging from 13% to 97%. Weeds like grass, sedge and broad-leaf weed varieties pose a substantial threat to these crops, particularly in direct-seeded conditions. To manage weeds effectively, various approaches are employed, including crop rotation, tillage, herbicide application, and intercropping. For instance, in rice-wheat systems, zero-tillage practices, crop residue mulch, and early sowing help to reduce weed emergence. In rice-pulse systems, pre-emergence herbicides, hand weeding, and intercropping prove effective. Maize-based systems benefit from tillage, mulching, and planting at closer spacing. Weed management is critical to sustaining rice-based cropping systems and ensuring food security in India. Tailored strategies that consider crop-specific challenges are essential to mitigate yield losses and maintain agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Joshna, B. Ahilan, Cheryl Antony, K. Ravaneswaran, P. Chidambaram, A. Uma, P. Ruby
According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aquaculture has grown faster and its expansion aimed at meeting the increase of world fish demand, and preserving natural fish stocks. Currently, to produce fish in quantity and quality requires reduction of the environmental impact from aquaculture, through the improvement of culture systems. Disease is the major factor affecting the development and expansion in aquaculture. Losses due to disease in shrimp farming are high. Various approaches to minimize the impact of disease on production are possible. Another approach to keep the pathogen pressure low is polyculture of shrimp and finfish. This practice makes shrimp farming more sustainable by reducing the environmental impact and the incidence of shrimp disease. Antimicrobial peptides in the fish skin kill shrimp pathogens, keeping pathogen pressure of bacteria and viruses low. In polyculture, shrimps can eat tilapia faeces and unused fish feed, while tilapia filter phytoplankton, reducing the risk of low dissolved oxygen levels at night. In addition, shrimp bioturbation at the pond bottom returns nutrients to the water column, enhancing phytoplankton production and consequently the natural feed available for the tilapia. Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most applicable and promising systems for sustainable aquaculture development. This technology is essentially based on the recycling of nutrients via microorganisms, primarily (i) heterotrophic bacteria, which convert nitrogen compounds into microbial biomass, in addition to serves as a source of food for aquatic organisms, and (ii) chemoautotrophic bacteria, which convert ammonia to nitrite and nitrate.
{"title":"Polyculture of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIF tilapia) and Penaeus vannamei Using Biofloc Technology – A Review","authors":"M. Joshna, B. Ahilan, Cheryl Antony, K. Ravaneswaran, P. Chidambaram, A. Uma, P. Ruby","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5396","url":null,"abstract":"According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aquaculture has grown faster and its expansion aimed at meeting the increase of world fish demand, and preserving natural fish stocks. Currently, to produce fish in quantity and quality requires reduction of the environmental impact from aquaculture, through the improvement of culture systems. Disease is the major factor affecting the development and expansion in aquaculture. Losses due to disease in shrimp farming are high. Various approaches to minimize the impact of disease on production are possible. Another approach to keep the pathogen pressure low is polyculture of shrimp and finfish. This practice makes shrimp farming more sustainable by reducing the environmental impact and the incidence of shrimp disease. Antimicrobial peptides in the fish skin kill shrimp pathogens, keeping pathogen pressure of bacteria and viruses low. In polyculture, shrimps can eat tilapia faeces and unused fish feed, while tilapia filter phytoplankton, reducing the risk of low dissolved oxygen levels at night. In addition, shrimp bioturbation at the pond bottom returns nutrients to the water column, enhancing phytoplankton production and consequently the natural feed available for the tilapia. Biofloc technology (BFT) is one of the most applicable and promising systems for sustainable aquaculture development. This technology is essentially based on the recycling of nutrients via microorganisms, primarily (i) heterotrophic bacteria, which convert nitrogen compounds into microbial biomass, in addition to serves as a source of food for aquatic organisms, and (ii) chemoautotrophic bacteria, which convert ammonia to nitrite and nitrate.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"67 s267","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mundiyara, G. L. Yadav, R. Bajiya, Ishwar Singh, Rahul Bhardwaj, Vikram Meena, Varsha Kumari
The study was conducted to evaluate eight germplasms/varieties of wheat during the rabi season (November-April, 2022–23) using a randomized block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Research Sub-Station (ARSS), Nagaur (Rajasthan), India to estimate the variability parameters and characters association for nine characters. The results were revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all the nine characters under study, suggested that the genotypes were genetically divergent. The phenotypic coefficient of variation values was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation values for all the nine traits which reflect the influence of environment on the expression of traits. Spike length and number of spikelets were showed higher PCV and medium GCV. High heritability estimates were recorded for all the nine characters. High genetic advance as percentage of mean along with high heritability was observed for number of spikelets, spike length, number of effective tillers plant-1, seed yield and number of grains spike-1. This indicated the existence of lesser environmental influence and prevalence of additive gene action in their expression and these traits possessed high selective value. These characters could be further improved through individual plant selection. Grain yield had highly significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations with plant height, number of effective tillers plant-1, spike length, number of spikelets and number of grains spike-1. These characters can be considered as criteria for selection for higher grain yield as these were mutually and directly associated with grain yield.
{"title":"Genetic Variability and Character Association Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Saline Water Condition","authors":"R. Mundiyara, G. L. Yadav, R. Bajiya, Ishwar Singh, Rahul Bhardwaj, Vikram Meena, Varsha Kumari","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5361","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate eight germplasms/varieties of wheat during the rabi season (November-April, 2022–23) using a randomized block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Research Sub-Station (ARSS), Nagaur (Rajasthan), India to estimate the variability parameters and characters association for nine characters. The results were revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all the nine characters under study, suggested that the genotypes were genetically divergent. The phenotypic coefficient of variation values was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation values for all the nine traits which reflect the influence of environment on the expression of traits. Spike length and number of spikelets were showed higher PCV and medium GCV. High heritability estimates were recorded for all the nine characters. High genetic advance as percentage of mean along with high heritability was observed for number of spikelets, spike length, number of effective tillers plant-1, seed yield and number of grains spike-1. This indicated the existence of lesser environmental influence and prevalence of additive gene action in their expression and these traits possessed high selective value. These characters could be further improved through individual plant selection. Grain yield had highly significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations with plant height, number of effective tillers plant-1, spike length, number of spikelets and number of grains spike-1. These characters can be considered as criteria for selection for higher grain yield as these were mutually and directly associated with grain yield.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"571 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was undertaken during October, 2022 to June, 2023 to study the changes in haemato-biochemical values of the dogs suffered from respiratory tract infection due to bacteria. Blood samples were collected from healthy control group (Group A) and each dog of different treatment groups (Group B, Group C and Group D) on the 0th day (pre-treatment) and the 10th day (post-treatment) in K3-EDTA vacutainer tubes as well as clot activator-coated vacutainer tubes for haemato-biochemical estimation. In the result of haemato-biochemical study the highly significant difference (**p<0.01) was found in total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count and C-reactive protein. Statistically no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, absolute eosinophil count, absolute lymphocyte count and albumin. In case of total protein a highly significant difference (**p<0.01) was observed between Group A and Group B on day 0 and on day 10. A highly significant difference was also observed between (**p<0.01) Group B and Group C; Group B and Group D on day 0 and day 10. On the other hand no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed within treatment groups. In case of globulin, statistically no significant difference (p>0.05) was obtained between the Group A and all the treatment groups on day 0 and day 10. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed within treatment groups. However, a significant difference (**p<0.01) was found between Group B and Group C; Group B and Group D on 0th day and on the 10th day.
{"title":"Haemato-biochemical Alteration in Bacteria Associated Respiratory Tract Infection in Dog","authors":"Bratati Deb Sarkar, Ditul Barman, Mrinal Kumar Nath, Tanay Ghosh, Mousumi Hazorika, Jodumoni Kachari, Sreeramdas Srikanth","doi":"10.23910/1.2024.5373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5373","url":null,"abstract":"The research was undertaken during October, 2022 to June, 2023 to study the changes in haemato-biochemical values of the dogs suffered from respiratory tract infection due to bacteria. Blood samples were collected from healthy control group (Group A) and each dog of different treatment groups (Group B, Group C and Group D) on the 0th day (pre-treatment) and the 10th day (post-treatment) in K3-EDTA vacutainer tubes as well as clot activator-coated vacutainer tubes for haemato-biochemical estimation. In the result of haemato-biochemical study the highly significant difference (**p<0.01) was found in total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count and C-reactive protein. Statistically no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, absolute eosinophil count, absolute lymphocyte count and albumin. In case of total protein a highly significant difference (**p<0.01) was observed between Group A and Group B on day 0 and on day 10. A highly significant difference was also observed between (**p<0.01) Group B and Group C; Group B and Group D on day 0 and day 10. On the other hand no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed within treatment groups. In case of globulin, statistically no significant difference (p>0.05) was obtained between the Group A and all the treatment groups on day 0 and day 10. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed within treatment groups. However, a significant difference (**p<0.01) was found between Group B and Group C; Group B and Group D on 0th day and on the 10th day.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thingujam Bidyalakshmi, Thongam Sunita, Shaghaf Kaukab, Y. Ravi
Tamarind is widely consumed as fruit and spices in India. Tamarind contains pulp, seeds, shell and fibres. The pulp, which makes up between 30 and 50% of the mature fruit, is rich in reducing sugars, pectin, protein, fiber, and cellulose substances. Study of various physical engineering properties such as moisture content, fruit size, length, width, thickness, and weight (pulp, seed, shell, etc.) is important for designing the post-harvest machineries of tamarind. Major unit operations for processing of tamarind includes drying, dehulling, deseeding, pressing and storage. Traditional and mechanical approaches are used for these operations. Mechanical approaches of tamarind processing are carried out by dehuller and deseeder machinery. One of the crucial unit procedures in the processing of tamarind is deseeding which can be done by deseeder, mechanically. Processing of raw tamarind into value-added goods may increase its worth in addition to increase in shelf life. Additionally, it boosts the income of producers and processors. Value added products of tamarind are pulp, tamarind juice concentrate, tamarind pulp powder, tamarind pickle, tamarind jam, tamarind syrup, tamarind candy, tamarind kernel powder, dried fruit block, tamarind chutney and beverages. Tamarind is also rich in major amino acids phytochemicals and hence it carries the properties of antidiabetic, antibacterial, antivenomic, antioxidant. This paper provides an overview of the engineering properties, processing technologies, value added products, technologies and machineries developed/available for tamarind and its health benefits which will further help in machinery, protocol, technology and product design and development.
{"title":"Engineering Properties, Processing and Value Addition of Tamarind: A Review","authors":"Thingujam Bidyalakshmi, Thongam Sunita, Shaghaf Kaukab, Y. Ravi","doi":"10.23910/1.2023.4872a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.4872a","url":null,"abstract":"Tamarind is widely consumed as fruit and spices in India. Tamarind contains pulp, seeds, shell and fibres. The pulp, which makes up between 30 and 50% of the mature fruit, is rich in reducing sugars, pectin, protein, fiber, and cellulose substances. Study of various physical engineering properties such as moisture content, fruit size, length, width, thickness, and weight (pulp, seed, shell, etc.) is important for designing the post-harvest machineries of tamarind. Major unit operations for processing of tamarind includes drying, dehulling, deseeding, pressing and storage. Traditional and mechanical approaches are used for these operations. Mechanical approaches of tamarind processing are carried out by dehuller and deseeder machinery. One of the crucial unit procedures in the processing of tamarind is deseeding which can be done by deseeder, mechanically. Processing of raw tamarind into value-added goods may increase its worth in addition to increase in shelf life. Additionally, it boosts the income of producers and processors. Value added products of tamarind are pulp, tamarind juice concentrate, tamarind pulp powder, tamarind pickle, tamarind jam, tamarind syrup, tamarind candy, tamarind kernel powder, dried fruit block, tamarind chutney and beverages. Tamarind is also rich in major amino acids phytochemicals and hence it carries the properties of antidiabetic, antibacterial, antivenomic, antioxidant. This paper provides an overview of the engineering properties, processing technologies, value added products, technologies and machineries developed/available for tamarind and its health benefits which will further help in machinery, protocol, technology and product design and development.","PeriodicalId":507789,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management","volume":"105 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：