Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/98-102
Dhairya Gaur, Vijay Raj Singh, J. K. Gaur
Date palm (P. dactylifera, L.) is an important fruit of arid and semi-arid regions.In Western Rajasthan the dates are harvested in the month of July-August but preferred to eat during winter months, so it becomes necessary to dry and store the fruits at least for 4 to 6 months. The use of an appropriate temperature for drying of dates is quite crucial as a higher temperature may encourage case hardening, caramelization and a higher hygroscopicity; whereas a lower temperature would be insufficient to remove significant moisture leading to a clumpy powder. Farmers generally dry the dates in open sun. This traditional uncontrolled drying method is unhygienic and required more time, also weather dependent, so alternate economical methods are being tested in the region by the scientists and the farmers for drying of dates in the form of Pind. The paper deals with the performance of solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer installed at the farmer’s field in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. The results reveal the drying time of Medjool date palm fruits in solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer.
在拉贾斯坦邦西部，椰枣在 7-8 月间收获，但人们更喜欢在冬季食用，因此有 必要将果实干燥并储存至少 4-6 个月。使用适当的温度干燥椰枣是非常重要的，因为较高的温度会导致椰枣变硬、焦糖化和吸湿性增加；而较低的温度则不足以去除大量水分，导致椰枣粉末结块。农民通常在露天晒干椰枣。因此，科学家和农民正在该地区测试其他经济方法，以干燥 Pind 形式的椰枣。本文论述了在拉贾斯坦邦比卡内尔地区农民田地里安装的太阳能隧道干燥机和电动托盘干燥机的性能。结果显示了在太阳能隧道式干燥机和电动托盘式干燥机中干燥美卓枣果实的时间。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer for drying date palm fruit (Pheonix dactylifera L.) in arid region of Rajasthan","authors":"Dhairya Gaur, Vijay Raj Singh, J. K. Gaur","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/98-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/98-102","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm (P. dactylifera, L.) is an important fruit of arid and semi-arid regions.In Western Rajasthan the dates are harvested in the month of July-August but preferred to eat during winter months, so it becomes necessary to dry and store the fruits at least for 4 to 6 months. The use of an appropriate temperature for drying of dates is quite crucial as a higher temperature may encourage case hardening, caramelization and a higher hygroscopicity; whereas a lower temperature would be insufficient to remove significant moisture leading to a clumpy powder. Farmers generally dry the dates in open sun. This traditional uncontrolled drying method is unhygienic and required more time, also weather dependent, so alternate economical methods are being tested in the region by the scientists and the farmers for drying of dates in the form of Pind. The paper deals with the performance of solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer installed at the farmer’s field in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. The results reveal the drying time of Medjool date palm fruits in solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer.","PeriodicalId":507861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/110-115
S. Angles, K. R. Jahanmohan
The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.
{"title":"Impact of mechanization on rice fallow pulses in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Angles, K. R. Jahanmohan","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/110-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/110-115","url":null,"abstract":"The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.","PeriodicalId":507861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/133-141
D. Rao, K. Lakshmana, M. Swathi, K. T. Rao, P. J. Rao
Ragi is a staple millet crop due to its suitability for marginal soils and low input requirements. The study used simple random sampling with 150 farmers from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. Ten farmers were selected from each of the 15 identified villages. The study observed significant changes in agricultural area: Srikakulam experienced an 87.8% increase, Vizianagaram witnessed a 69.49% decrease, and Visakhapatnam had a 1.26% increase. In terms of production, Srikakulam showed a remarkable increase of 126.14%, while Vizianagaram had a decrease of 65.49%. Visakhapatnam experienced a minor decrease of 1.84% in production. Productivity varied, with Srikakulam demonstrating a 20.33% increase, Vizianagaram experiencing a decrease of 13.51%, and Visakhapatnam showing no change. The varietal spread of the Vizianagaram finger millet variety was distributed as follows: 40% in Andhra Pradesh, 38% in West Bengal, and 25.33% in Telangana. Among the finger millet varieties, Sri Chaitanya was observed in 20.8% of the area, Bharathi in 7.5%, and Champavathi in 6%. Adoption rates of improved ragi varieties were as follows: Vegavathi (33.34%), Bharathi (32.67%), Sri Chaitanya (23.34%), and Indrâvati (10%). Sowing methods varied, with 34.67% of farmers using direct sowing, 18% opting for transplantation, and only 8% applying seed treatment. The preferred sowing seasons were Kharif (50%), summer (35.34%) and Rabi (14.67%). Regarding nursery transplantation, 61.34% of farmers transplanted at 21 days for short-duration varieties. Fertilizer management practices showed that 48.67% of farmers used 4 tonnes of FYM, while 24.67% applied the recommended NPK dose. Inter-cropping patterns included Ragi+ Redgram (54%) and Ragi+ Bhendi (30%). Pest management strategies revealed that 70.67% of farmers used tricyclozole through foliar application for blast management, 56% used pseudomonas foliar application and 54% employed tricyclozole seed treatment. Shoot borer management was practiced by 58.67%, and sucking pest management by 49.34% of ragi farmers. The primary constraints identified were poor economic conditions (85%), low remunerative prices for millets (80%), high fertilizer costs (75%), and unfertile soils (74%). These findings provide insights into the agricultural practices, outcomes, and challenges faced in different districts or regions.
{"title":"A multi-dimensional study on finger millet crop scenario in North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"D. Rao, K. Lakshmana, M. Swathi, K. T. Rao, P. J. Rao","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/133-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/133-141","url":null,"abstract":"Ragi is a staple millet crop due to its suitability for marginal soils and low input requirements. The study used simple random sampling with 150 farmers from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts. Ten farmers were selected from each of the 15 identified villages. The study observed significant changes in agricultural area: Srikakulam experienced an 87.8% increase, Vizianagaram witnessed a 69.49% decrease, and Visakhapatnam had a 1.26% increase. In terms of production, Srikakulam showed a remarkable increase of 126.14%, while Vizianagaram had a decrease of 65.49%. Visakhapatnam experienced a minor decrease of 1.84% in production. Productivity varied, with Srikakulam demonstrating a 20.33% increase, Vizianagaram experiencing a decrease of 13.51%, and Visakhapatnam showing no change. The varietal spread of the Vizianagaram finger millet variety was distributed as follows: 40% in Andhra Pradesh, 38% in West Bengal, and 25.33% in Telangana. Among the finger millet varieties, Sri Chaitanya was observed in 20.8% of the area, Bharathi in 7.5%, and Champavathi in 6%. Adoption rates of improved ragi varieties were as follows: Vegavathi (33.34%), Bharathi (32.67%), Sri Chaitanya (23.34%), and Indrâvati (10%). Sowing methods varied, with 34.67% of farmers using direct sowing, 18% opting for transplantation, and only 8% applying seed treatment. The preferred sowing seasons were Kharif (50%), summer (35.34%) and Rabi (14.67%). Regarding nursery transplantation, 61.34% of farmers transplanted at 21 days for short-duration varieties. Fertilizer management practices showed that 48.67% of farmers used 4 tonnes of FYM, while 24.67% applied the recommended NPK dose. Inter-cropping patterns included Ragi+ Redgram (54%) and Ragi+ Bhendi (30%). Pest management strategies revealed that 70.67% of farmers used tricyclozole through foliar application for blast management, 56% used pseudomonas foliar application and 54% employed tricyclozole seed treatment. Shoot borer management was practiced by 58.67%, and sucking pest management by 49.34% of ragi farmers. The primary constraints identified were poor economic conditions (85%), low remunerative prices for millets (80%), high fertilizer costs (75%), and unfertile soils (74%). These findings provide insights into the agricultural practices, outcomes, and challenges faced in different districts or regions.","PeriodicalId":507861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/92-97
P. Senthilkumar
Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is one of the most important vegetables which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Brinjals are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host.Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage to nearly all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and subtropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniac, hlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyne incognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morpho metric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bio agents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (35.11cm and 59.11cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least root length and shoot length (12.02 cm and 15.12cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (161.11 and 138.10) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1129.11 and 1259.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g) respectively. Singnificant reductionin root knot index (1.0) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.2 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed a root knot index of 5.00 per cent.
{"title":"Assessment on population of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and yield in brinjal using various bio agents under pot culture conditions","authors":"P. Senthilkumar","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/92-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/92-97","url":null,"abstract":"Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is one of the most important vegetables which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Brinjals are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host.Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage to nearly all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and subtropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniac, hlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyne incognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morpho metric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bio agents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (35.11cm and 59.11cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least root length and shoot length (12.02 cm and 15.12cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (161.11 and 138.10) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1129.11 and 1259.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g) respectively. Singnificant reductionin root knot index (1.0) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.2 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed a root knot index of 5.00 per cent.","PeriodicalId":507861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/103-109
P. Senthilkumar
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Tomatoes are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host. Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage ton early all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and sub-tropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez, 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniachlamy disporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyn eincognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morphometric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bioagents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (40.20cm and 76.20cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least roo tlength and shoot length (19.11cm and 21.30cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (178.50 and 141.20) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1314.14 and 1411.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. Significant reduction in root knot index (1.2) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.0 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed root knot index of 5.00 per cent.
{"title":"Population of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and yield in tomato using various bio agents under pot culture conditions","authors":"P. Senthilkumar","doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/103-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/103-109","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Tomatoes are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host. Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage ton early all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and sub-tropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez, 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniachlamy disporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyn eincognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morphometric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bioagents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (40.20cm and 76.20cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least roo tlength and shoot length (19.11cm and 21.30cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (178.50 and 141.20) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1314.14 and 1411.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. Significant reduction in root knot index (1.2) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.0 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed root knot index of 5.00 per cent.","PeriodicalId":507861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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