Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a central method for investigating the microscopic structure and dynamics of molecules and materials, with numerous applications in science, technology, and medicine. Computational modelling is indispensable in NMR research due to the indirect nature of NMR information and the rich physical phenomenology behind its observables. While NMR is conventionally used to study diamagnetic systems, paramagnetic NMR (pNMR) of electronically open-shell systems is rapidly gaining importance. This inaugural article concerns the methodology and application of computational molecular science to the observables pNMR, including current challenges and outlook for the future.
{"title":"Quantum-Chemical Approach to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Paramagnetic Systems","authors":"J. Vaara","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130117","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a central method for investigating the microscopic structure and dynamics of molecules and materials, with numerous applications in science, technology, and medicine. Computational modelling is indispensable in NMR research due to the indirect nature of NMR information and the rich physical phenomenology behind its observables. While NMR is conventionally used to study diamagnetic systems, paramagnetic NMR (pNMR) of electronically open-shell systems is rapidly gaining importance. This inaugural article concerns the methodology and application of computational molecular science to the observables pNMR, including current challenges and outlook for the future.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a fact that we change our minds many times during our lives. However, changing our minds can potentially call our cognitive processes into question. How do we know if the change is for the better? In the worst case, our fickleness calls into question our own ability to evaluate the foundations of our worldviews. However, it is not justified to claim that worldviews have no truth value. Although comparing worldviews is difficult, it is still natural to assume that there can be a meaningful public debate about their foundations. However, this requires a public and open communal process that broadly manifests intellectual virtues and tolerance as it is common for humans to disagree about many things, which may even appear obvious to some.
{"title":"Mielensä muuttamisesta","authors":"Olli-Pekka Vainio","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130104","url":null,"abstract":"It is a fact that we change our minds many times during our lives. However, changing our minds can potentially call our cognitive processes into question. How do we know if the change is for the better? In the worst case, our fickleness calls into question our own ability to evaluate the foundations of our worldviews. However, it is not justified to claim that worldviews have no truth value. Although comparing worldviews is difficult, it is still natural to assume that there can be a meaningful public debate about their foundations. However, this requires a public and open communal process that broadly manifests intellectual virtues and tolerance as it is common for humans to disagree about many things, which may even appear obvious to some.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75350625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Legal maxims written in Latin are a constant in European and American legal cultures, where they have great authority due to perceived antiquity and origins in Roman law. However, sometimes these maxims are actually fairly recent, neologisms that only purport to be ancient. The purpose of this article is to explore one such maxim, pacta sunt servanda, agreements have to be upheld, and the cultural, political and legal connotations and contemporary significances that the phrase has. Through the convoluted history of the maxim pacta sunt servanda, the article explores the role of tradition and history in the making and legimitizing rules.
在欧洲和美国的法律文化中，用拉丁文书写的法律格言是一种不变的东西，因为它们被认为是古老的，而且起源于罗马法，因此具有很大的权威。然而，有时这些格言实际上是相当新的，只是声称是古老的新词。本文的目的是探讨这样一个格言，pacta sunt servanda，协议必须得到维护，以及这句话的文化，政治和法律内涵和当代意义。通过“契约必须遵守”这一格言的曲折历史，本文探讨了传统和历史在规则的制定和合法化中的作用。
{"title":"Pacta sunt servanda","authors":"Kaius Tuori","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130107","url":null,"abstract":"Legal maxims written in Latin are a constant in European and American legal cultures, where they have great authority due to perceived antiquity and origins in Roman law. However, sometimes these maxims are actually fairly recent, neologisms that only purport to be ancient. The purpose of this article is to explore one such maxim, pacta sunt servanda, agreements have to be upheld, and the cultural, political and legal connotations and contemporary significances that the phrase has. Through the convoluted history of the maxim pacta sunt servanda, the article explores the role of tradition and history in the making and legimitizing rules.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77523658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been lively discussion in Finland on why the country does not have more young and fast-growing companies. These debates usually lack historical perspective. Entrepreneurship has always existed in Finland. Yet, the operational environment, values, gender roles and social structures have had an impact throughout history on who is willing and able to establish a company. These factors also influence the ability and willingness of new companies to grow. History can provide us with insights into why the Finnish economy has certain weaknesses, for example a lack of economic and social diversity and a shortage of old and successful middle-sized companies as well as younger high-growth companies. The most successful startup period in Finland was 1850–1914. Many of the companies founded during that time grew quite large. Since then, it has been more difficult for the country to replicate this early success.
{"title":"Yrityshistoria ja kasvuyrittäjyys","authors":"Niklas Jensen-Eriksen","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130114","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been lively discussion in Finland on why the country does not have more young and fast-growing companies. These debates usually lack historical perspective. Entrepreneurship has always existed in Finland. Yet, the operational environment, values, gender roles and social structures have had an impact throughout history on who is willing and able to establish a company. These factors also influence the ability and willingness of new companies to grow. History can provide us with insights into why the Finnish economy has certain weaknesses, for example a lack of economic and social diversity and a shortage of old and successful middle-sized companies as well as younger high-growth companies. The most successful startup period in Finland was 1850–1914. Many of the companies founded during that time grew quite large. Since then, it has been more difficult for the country to replicate this early success.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76973647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The social brain hypothesis was proposed 30 years ago as an explanation for the fact that primates have much larger brains than all other animals. The claim was that primates live in unusually complex societies, and hence need a large ‘computer’ to manage the relationships involved. The core evidence subsequently provided in support of this claim was a simple statistical relationship between the social group size characteristic of a species and the size of its brain, with humans fitting into this pattern. However, testing evolutionary hypotheses raises some challenging philosophical and statistical issues that are often overlooked, and great care is needed to ensure that we test the hypothesis we think we are testing. Here, I examine some of these challenges and illustrate the traps they can create for the unwary.
{"title":"The Social Brain Hypothesis Thirty Years On: Some Philosophical Pitfalls of Deconstructing Dunbar’s Number","authors":"Robin I. M. Dunbar","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130102","url":null,"abstract":"The social brain hypothesis was proposed 30 years ago as an explanation for the fact that primates have much larger brains than all other animals. The claim was that primates live in unusually complex societies, and hence need a large ‘computer’ to manage the relationships involved. The core evidence subsequently provided in support of this claim was a simple statistical relationship between the social group size characteristic of a species and the size of its brain, with humans fitting into this pattern. However, testing evolutionary hypotheses raises some challenging philosophical and statistical issues that are often overlooked, and great care is needed to ensure that we test the hypothesis we think we are testing. Here, I examine some of these challenges and illustrate the traps they can create for the unwary.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89118567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent concerns about representative democracy being in crisis should be related to longer-term histories of ‘representation’ and ‘democracy’. Conceptual history analyses diachronic change and synchronic contestability of such key terms. Digital history can help understand evolvement in tensions over popular representation and representatives' changing perceptions on their parliamentary role. N-gram analyses and visualizations of relative word frequencies reveal long-term patterns and justify selections for qualitative analysis. Contextualising close reading shows how representative democracy has been increasingly complemented with participatory and direct democracy in the UK parliament, for instance, since the 2000s. These observations lead to questions on parallel developments in other European countries.
{"title":"Miten edustuksellinen demokratiamme on muuttumassa? Digitaalisen käsitehistorian näkökulma","authors":"Pasi Ihalainen","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130119","url":null,"abstract":"Recent concerns about representative democracy being in crisis should be related to longer-term histories of ‘representation’ and ‘democracy’. Conceptual history analyses diachronic change and synchronic contestability of such key terms. Digital history can help understand evolvement in tensions over popular representation and representatives' changing perceptions on their parliamentary role. N-gram analyses and visualizations of relative word frequencies reveal long-term patterns and justify selections for qualitative analysis. Contextualising close reading shows how representative democracy has been increasingly complemented with participatory and direct democracy in the UK parliament, for instance, since the 2000s. These observations lead to questions on parallel developments in other European countries.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91258593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AASF:n toinen numero tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen kokoelman kirjoituksia eri tieteenaloilta. Monessa artikkelissa tarkastellaan tieteellisen tiedon kehitystä eri aikaskaaloilla ja sitä, miten tutkimustiedon ja yhteiskunnan kehityslinjat ovat kietoutuneet toisiinsa.
{"title":"Päätoimittajilta","authors":"Anna Mauranen, Risto Nieminen","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130095","url":null,"abstract":"AASF:n toinen numero tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen kokoelman kirjoituksia eri tieteenaloilta. Monessa artikkelissa tarkastellaan tieteellisen tiedon kehitystä eri aikaskaaloilla ja sitä, miten tutkimustiedon ja yhteiskunnan kehityslinjat ovat kietoutuneet toisiinsa.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
News about violations of academic freedom have increased with the erosion of civil liberties and the decline of democratization. However, there is little empirical research on the political effects of academic freedom. There is also no consensus on the exact definition of the term. In this article, the meanings of academic freedom are approached through literature and practical advocacy work, and by presenting the indicator published in 2020 by the Varieties of Democracy database. As an example, we examine research results on the link between academic freedom and democracy in Africa, where the university institution has developed in the midst of rapid political changes. Based on interview material, we will focus on the experiences of scholars in Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Research data shows that academic freedom and higher education support democratic development far into the future. That is why they deserve long-term support through development cooperation.
{"title":"Akateeminen vapaus tutkimuskohteena - havaintoja Afrikasta","authors":"Liisa Laakso","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130120","url":null,"abstract":"News about violations of academic freedom have increased with the erosion of civil liberties and the decline of democratization. However, there is little empirical research on the political effects of academic freedom. There is also no consensus on the exact definition of the term. In this article, the meanings of academic freedom are approached through literature and practical advocacy work, and by presenting the indicator published in 2020 by the Varieties of Democracy database. As an example, we examine research results on the link between academic freedom and democracy in Africa, where the university institution has developed in the midst of rapid political changes. Based on interview material, we will focus on the experiences of scholars in Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Research data shows that academic freedom and higher education support democratic development far into the future. That is why they deserve long-term support through development cooperation.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80215651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many present crop plants are in danger of failing due to extreme conditions induced by climate change. This along with a rapidly growing world population threatens global food security. In this paper, I provide an overview of different plant genetic resources, of possibilities to broaden their base by including crop wild relative species and other underutilized sources, and of conservation and characterization needs and tools. The increased environmental variability implies that we will need access to an even wider range of plant genetic resources than used today for breeding new crop varieties, which contain useful traits, such as pest and disease resistances and ability to withstand drought or extreme temperatures.
{"title":"Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: novel materials for adapting to changing environmental conditions","authors":"H. Korpelainen","doi":"10.57048/aasf.130108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.130108","url":null,"abstract":"Many present crop plants are in danger of failing due to extreme conditions induced by climate change. This along with a rapidly growing world population threatens global food security. In this paper, I provide an overview of different plant genetic resources, of possibilities to broaden their base by including crop wild relative species and other underutilized sources, and of conservation and characterization needs and tools. The increased environmental variability implies that we will need access to an even wider range of plant genetic resources than used today for breeding new crop varieties, which contain useful traits, such as pest and disease resistances and ability to withstand drought or extreme temperatures.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78938697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae (AASF) on Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian julkaisusarja, jonka pitkä historia ulottuu Tiedeakatemian perustamiseen saakka. Tiedeakatemian yleisten tavoitteiden mukaisesti se haluaa edistää tieteidenvälistä vuoropuhelua ja välittää valistuneelle lukijakunnalle tietoa ajankohtaisista tieteellisen tutkimuksen kysymyksistä ja uusista haasteista. AASF:n myötä Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian julkaisutoiminta palaa juurilleen ja ottaa samalla tähän aikaan sopivan muodon: se on monitieteinen, verkossa ilmestyvä aikakauslehti. AASF:n ensimmäiseen numeroon on koottu artikkeleita vuosina 2020 ja 2021 hyväksytyiltä uusilta Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian jäseniltä. Näitä riittää seuraavaankin numeroon, mutta myös aiemmin valitut jäsenet, tänä vuonna valitut ja muut eturivin tutkijat voivat tarjota julkaisuun tekstejä, joissa he kertovat oman tutkimusalansa ajankohtaisista aiheista ja omista kiinnostuksen kohteistaan.
{"title":"Pääkirjoitus 1/2022","authors":"Anna Mauranen, Risto Nieminen","doi":"10.57048/aasf.122424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57048/aasf.122424","url":null,"abstract":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae (AASF) on Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian julkaisusarja, jonka pitkä historia ulottuu Tiedeakatemian perustamiseen saakka. Tiedeakatemian yleisten tavoitteiden mukaisesti se haluaa edistää tieteidenvälistä vuoropuhelua ja välittää valistuneelle lukijakunnalle tietoa ajankohtaisista tieteellisen tutkimuksen kysymyksistä ja uusista haasteista. AASF:n myötä Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian julkaisutoiminta palaa juurilleen ja ottaa samalla tähän aikaan sopivan muodon: se on monitieteinen, verkossa ilmestyvä aikakauslehti.\u0000AASF:n ensimmäiseen numeroon on koottu artikkeleita vuosina 2020 ja 2021 hyväksytyiltä uusilta Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian jäseniltä. Näitä riittää seuraavaankin numeroon, mutta myös aiemmin valitut jäsenet, tänä vuonna valitut ja muut eturivin tutkijat voivat tarjota julkaisuun tekstejä, joissa he kertovat oman tutkimusalansa ajankohtaisista aiheista ja omista kiinnostuksen kohteistaan.","PeriodicalId":50787,"journal":{"name":"Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae-Mathematica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89156924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：