Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1254292
Michael M. Chipeta, Jessica Kampanje-Phiri, Dumisani Moyo, Henriques Colial, Mussa Tamba, Divage Belarmino, Joseph Hella, E. Yohane, Naomi Mvula, John Kafwambira
Cowpea is an important food and nutrition security crop in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania and it is mainly produced by women farmers mainly on a subsistence scale. The majority of these farmers use local varieties despite the availability of improved varieties in the region. Low acceptability and adoption of improved varieties have also hampered cowpea breeding efforts. The low adoption, especially among women farmers, has been attributed to the failure by breeding programs to involve farmers in the process of designing and developing improved varieties with a view to meeting their priorities and preferences. Despite women constituting the majority of cowpea farmers in these countries, no comprehensive gender analysis on cowpea value chain had been instituted to understand the traits that are gender and youth responsive and how to incorporate them in the product profiling so that the developed varieties benefit men, women and youth. The main objective of the gender study was, therefore, to identify preferred traits by different gender groups within the whole cowpea value chain to inform cowpea breeding programs in the three countries.The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to elucidate preferences, including value chain mapping, a quantitative survey of farmers, focus group discussions and key informant interviews targeting farmers/consumers, traders, policymakers and processors.Results showed that the top-ranking traits in order of importance across the countries and gender were; (1) high grain yield, (2) good grain taste, (3) early maturity time, (4) large grain size, (5) good leaf taste and (6) short cooking time. It was further noted that different gender groups preferred almost similar traits though minor variations were noted in terms of prioritization of these traits. These results have had two major influences on our cowpea breeding program: firstly, the breeding program changed the way it prioritizes traits to include ones that reflect the needs of men, women and the youth in the cowpea value chain. Secondly, our breeding objectives are closely aligned to gender differences in the target population of farmers and other users, by incorporating key priority traits that address the needs of both men and women, including the youth. That is to say, product targets and specific product profiles are more gender sensitive. Since the breeding work is ongoing, the expectation is that the development of improved varieties resulting from this gender sensitive process will translate into higher adoption levels of these varieties (compared with previous releases), which might have ripple effects on food, nutrition and income security in the region.
{"title":"Understanding specific gender dynamics in the cowpea value chain for key traits to inform cowpea breeding programs in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania","authors":"Michael M. Chipeta, Jessica Kampanje-Phiri, Dumisani Moyo, Henriques Colial, Mussa Tamba, Divage Belarmino, Joseph Hella, E. Yohane, Naomi Mvula, John Kafwambira","doi":"10.3389/fsoc.2024.1254292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1254292","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea is an important food and nutrition security crop in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania and it is mainly produced by women farmers mainly on a subsistence scale. The majority of these farmers use local varieties despite the availability of improved varieties in the region. Low acceptability and adoption of improved varieties have also hampered cowpea breeding efforts. The low adoption, especially among women farmers, has been attributed to the failure by breeding programs to involve farmers in the process of designing and developing improved varieties with a view to meeting their priorities and preferences. Despite women constituting the majority of cowpea farmers in these countries, no comprehensive gender analysis on cowpea value chain had been instituted to understand the traits that are gender and youth responsive and how to incorporate them in the product profiling so that the developed varieties benefit men, women and youth. The main objective of the gender study was, therefore, to identify preferred traits by different gender groups within the whole cowpea value chain to inform cowpea breeding programs in the three countries.The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to elucidate preferences, including value chain mapping, a quantitative survey of farmers, focus group discussions and key informant interviews targeting farmers/consumers, traders, policymakers and processors.Results showed that the top-ranking traits in order of importance across the countries and gender were; (1) high grain yield, (2) good grain taste, (3) early maturity time, (4) large grain size, (5) good leaf taste and (6) short cooking time. It was further noted that different gender groups preferred almost similar traits though minor variations were noted in terms of prioritization of these traits. These results have had two major influences on our cowpea breeding program: firstly, the breeding program changed the way it prioritizes traits to include ones that reflect the needs of men, women and the youth in the cowpea value chain. Secondly, our breeding objectives are closely aligned to gender differences in the target population of farmers and other users, by incorporating key priority traits that address the needs of both men and women, including the youth. That is to say, product targets and specific product profiles are more gender sensitive. Since the breeding work is ongoing, the expectation is that the development of improved varieties resulting from this gender sensitive process will translate into higher adoption levels of these varieties (compared with previous releases), which might have ripple effects on food, nutrition and income security in the region.","PeriodicalId":507974,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sociology","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1338914
Lucy Louise Clarke, Benjamin Hine
An abundance of previous research has investigated how gender has been portrayed within feature length films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, particularly those within the Disney princess franchise. However, the Disney corporation acquired the Marvel and Star Wars franchises in 2009 and 2012, respectively, which was likely a strategy for the corporation to obtain characters that would capture the imagination of boys and men. The current qualitative study explored how gender is portrayed by leading protagonists in these texts, utilising thematic analysis, which was necessary considering little is currently known in this domain. The researchers analysed series one of Avengers Assemble and series one of Star Wars Rebels. Interpretation of the data led to the development of several themes and subthemes based on the gendered portrayals within each series. Overall, the findings suggest that there was more overt gender stereotyping in Avengers Assemble when compared with Star Wars Rebels, meaning that the former could be particularly problematic for children who may replicate its messages. The current study has facilitated a greater understanding of the gendered messages that may be consumed by children who engage with Marvel and Star Wars media. Future research is needed to assess the relationship between such messages and children’s behaviour.
{"title":"The portrayal of gender in Marvel and Star Wars media targeted towards children","authors":"Lucy Louise Clarke, Benjamin Hine","doi":"10.3389/fsoc.2024.1338914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1338914","url":null,"abstract":"An abundance of previous research has investigated how gender has been portrayed within feature length films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, particularly those within the Disney princess franchise. However, the Disney corporation acquired the Marvel and Star Wars franchises in 2009 and 2012, respectively, which was likely a strategy for the corporation to obtain characters that would capture the imagination of boys and men. The current qualitative study explored how gender is portrayed by leading protagonists in these texts, utilising thematic analysis, which was necessary considering little is currently known in this domain. The researchers analysed series one of Avengers Assemble and series one of Star Wars Rebels. Interpretation of the data led to the development of several themes and subthemes based on the gendered portrayals within each series. Overall, the findings suggest that there was more overt gender stereotyping in Avengers Assemble when compared with Star Wars Rebels, meaning that the former could be particularly problematic for children who may replicate its messages. The current study has facilitated a greater understanding of the gendered messages that may be consumed by children who engage with Marvel and Star Wars media. Future research is needed to assess the relationship between such messages and children’s behaviour.","PeriodicalId":507974,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sociology","volume":"273 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1254292
Michael M. Chipeta, Jessica Kampanje-Phiri, Dumisani Moyo, Henriques Colial, Mussa Tamba, Divage Belarmino, Joseph Hella, E. Yohane, Naomi Mvula, John Kafwambira
Cowpea is an important food and nutrition security crop in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania and it is mainly produced by women farmers mainly on a subsistence scale. The majority of these farmers use local varieties despite the availability of improved varieties in the region. Low acceptability and adoption of improved varieties have also hampered cowpea breeding efforts. The low adoption, especially among women farmers, has been attributed to the failure by breeding programs to involve farmers in the process of designing and developing improved varieties with a view to meeting their priorities and preferences. Despite women constituting the majority of cowpea farmers in these countries, no comprehensive gender analysis on cowpea value chain had been instituted to understand the traits that are gender and youth responsive and how to incorporate them in the product profiling so that the developed varieties benefit men, women and youth. The main objective of the gender study was, therefore, to identify preferred traits by different gender groups within the whole cowpea value chain to inform cowpea breeding programs in the three countries.The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to elucidate preferences, including value chain mapping, a quantitative survey of farmers, focus group discussions and key informant interviews targeting farmers/consumers, traders, policymakers and processors.Results showed that the top-ranking traits in order of importance across the countries and gender were; (1) high grain yield, (2) good grain taste, (3) early maturity time, (4) large grain size, (5) good leaf taste and (6) short cooking time. It was further noted that different gender groups preferred almost similar traits though minor variations were noted in terms of prioritization of these traits. These results have had two major influences on our cowpea breeding program: firstly, the breeding program changed the way it prioritizes traits to include ones that reflect the needs of men, women and the youth in the cowpea value chain. Secondly, our breeding objectives are closely aligned to gender differences in the target population of farmers and other users, by incorporating key priority traits that address the needs of both men and women, including the youth. That is to say, product targets and specific product profiles are more gender sensitive. Since the breeding work is ongoing, the expectation is that the development of improved varieties resulting from this gender sensitive process will translate into higher adoption levels of these varieties (compared with previous releases), which might have ripple effects on food, nutrition and income security in the region.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1338914
Lucy Louise Clarke, Benjamin Hine
An abundance of previous research has investigated how gender has been portrayed within feature length films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, particularly those within the Disney princess franchise. However, the Disney corporation acquired the Marvel and Star Wars franchises in 2009 and 2012, respectively, which was likely a strategy for the corporation to obtain characters that would capture the imagination of boys and men. The current qualitative study explored how gender is portrayed by leading protagonists in these texts, utilising thematic analysis, which was necessary considering little is currently known in this domain. The researchers analysed series one of Avengers Assemble and series one of Star Wars Rebels. Interpretation of the data led to the development of several themes and subthemes based on the gendered portrayals within each series. Overall, the findings suggest that there was more overt gender stereotyping in Avengers Assemble when compared with Star Wars Rebels, meaning that the former could be particularly problematic for children who may replicate its messages. The current study has facilitated a greater understanding of the gendered messages that may be consumed by children who engage with Marvel and Star Wars media. Future research is needed to assess the relationship between such messages and children’s behaviour.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1356527
Eduardo Duque, José F. Durán Vázquez
The purpose of this study is to explore the working conditions and attitudes towards work among the youth of Braga, Portugal. Focusing on residents of the Municipality of Braga born between 1990 and 2000, we employed a quantitative approach using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, with a sample size of 406 people. The survey, conducted through questionnaires, reveals a complex interplay between the youth’s work attitudes and their conditions. Despite the predominance of precarious employment, their work experiences and expectations do not entirely reflect this instability. Our findings suggest a shift in the role of work in the youths’ identity compared to previous generations. This shift, common in post-industrial societies, shows that their identity is increasingly tied to the sociability their work enables and other life spheres where they seek fulfilment, as evidenced by how they utilize their earnings from these occupations.
{"title":"Working conditions and attitudes towards work: the case of Portuguese youth from Braga","authors":"Eduardo Duque, José F. Durán Vázquez","doi":"10.3389/fsoc.2024.1356527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1356527","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore the working conditions and attitudes towards work among the youth of Braga, Portugal. Focusing on residents of the Municipality of Braga born between 1990 and 2000, we employed a quantitative approach using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, with a sample size of 406 people. The survey, conducted through questionnaires, reveals a complex interplay between the youth’s work attitudes and their conditions. Despite the predominance of precarious employment, their work experiences and expectations do not entirely reflect this instability. Our findings suggest a shift in the role of work in the youths’ identity compared to previous generations. This shift, common in post-industrial societies, shows that their identity is increasingly tied to the sociability their work enables and other life spheres where they seek fulfilment, as evidenced by how they utilize their earnings from these occupations.","PeriodicalId":507974,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sociology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1337742
Aditya Raj, Anushka Sinha
This review article utilizes the technique of citation-based bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the scholarly contributions made by sociologist Michael Burawoy. The most influential academic articles published by Burawoy were retrieved for analyses. Following this, scholars, journals and institutions that he most frequently collaborated with were traced. Further, country-wise analysis of his scholarship was carried out. Lastly, content analyses of retrieved articles identified prominent thematic domains in sociology to which Burawoy contributed, while temporal analyses helped to identify some emerging research hotspots. Findings reveal that historical and cultural context of Burawoy’s research mostly remained confined to the U.S.A., however, he significantly contributed towards the foundation of sociology in the Global South and studied the ensuing global power imbalances. Contemporary sociological thought remains indebted to Burawoy for his comparative study of industrial relations in the 21st century, and recently, his elaboration upon the need for public sociology has taken the discipline in new intellectual directions that appeals to a broader sociological community.
{"title":"A bibliometric review study of Michael Burawoy","authors":"Aditya Raj, Anushka Sinha","doi":"10.3389/fsoc.2024.1337742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1337742","url":null,"abstract":"This review article utilizes the technique of citation-based bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the scholarly contributions made by sociologist Michael Burawoy. The most influential academic articles published by Burawoy were retrieved for analyses. Following this, scholars, journals and institutions that he most frequently collaborated with were traced. Further, country-wise analysis of his scholarship was carried out. Lastly, content analyses of retrieved articles identified prominent thematic domains in sociology to which Burawoy contributed, while temporal analyses helped to identify some emerging research hotspots. Findings reveal that historical and cultural context of Burawoy’s research mostly remained confined to the U.S.A., however, he significantly contributed towards the foundation of sociology in the Global South and studied the ensuing global power imbalances. Contemporary sociological thought remains indebted to Burawoy for his comparative study of industrial relations in the 21st century, and recently, his elaboration upon the need for public sociology has taken the discipline in new intellectual directions that appeals to a broader sociological community.","PeriodicalId":507974,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sociology","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1356527
Eduardo Duque, José F. Durán Vázquez
The purpose of this study is to explore the working conditions and attitudes towards work among the youth of Braga, Portugal. Focusing on residents of the Municipality of Braga born between 1990 and 2000, we employed a quantitative approach using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, with a sample size of 406 people. The survey, conducted through questionnaires, reveals a complex interplay between the youth’s work attitudes and their conditions. Despite the predominance of precarious employment, their work experiences and expectations do not entirely reflect this instability. Our findings suggest a shift in the role of work in the youths’ identity compared to previous generations. This shift, common in post-industrial societies, shows that their identity is increasingly tied to the sociability their work enables and other life spheres where they seek fulfilment, as evidenced by how they utilize their earnings from these occupations.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1323096
Tuba Türkmendağ, Nilgün Karaman
Gender inequality is a phenomenon that is particularly prevalent in the culinary profession and professional culinary within the tourism sector, especially affecting female employees. The current study is approached in the context of the patriarchal societal structure and the unique characteristics of gender in the labor market in Turkey. In this regard, this study focuses on the views and opinions regarding gender inequality of undergraduate students in gastronomy and culinary arts programs and, associate degree in vocational cooking programs who have previously worked and/or interned in the professional culinary within the tourism sector in Turkey. For this purpose, a quantitative research method has been employed in the study. In order to reveal detailed insights into participants’ evaluations, open-ended questions have also been included in the survey form. The quantitative findings from the study emphasized the importance of issues such as “the approach of managers,” “working hours,” and “promotion pathways” among the situations that cause gender inequality. The importance of “an equal and fair approach to employees,” and “being kind and considerate to staff” were highlighted as essential qualities for being a good leader/head chef. Important factors in supporting the career of female chefs were identified as “equal pay for equal work,” and “ensuring job safety.” Findings obtained from open-ended questions have revealed that female employees are more exposed to gender inequality in the profession. In this context, issues such as “unequal pay, promotion, and working conditions,” “harassment,” “lack of recognition for female employees in the professional culinary,” and “the effects of patriarchal norms” were highlighted. The study contains important findings that can contribute to increasing the representation of female employees in professional culinary within the tourism sector, improving the productivity and competitiveness of businesses, and addressing gender inequality in society.
{"title":"Gender inequality in the culinary profession in tourism from the perspective of university students with working experiences in culinary","authors":"Tuba Türkmendağ, Nilgün Karaman","doi":"10.3389/fsoc.2024.1323096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1323096","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequality is a phenomenon that is particularly prevalent in the culinary profession and professional culinary within the tourism sector, especially affecting female employees. The current study is approached in the context of the patriarchal societal structure and the unique characteristics of gender in the labor market in Turkey. In this regard, this study focuses on the views and opinions regarding gender inequality of undergraduate students in gastronomy and culinary arts programs and, associate degree in vocational cooking programs who have previously worked and/or interned in the professional culinary within the tourism sector in Turkey. For this purpose, a quantitative research method has been employed in the study. In order to reveal detailed insights into participants’ evaluations, open-ended questions have also been included in the survey form. The quantitative findings from the study emphasized the importance of issues such as “the approach of managers,” “working hours,” and “promotion pathways” among the situations that cause gender inequality. The importance of “an equal and fair approach to employees,” and “being kind and considerate to staff” were highlighted as essential qualities for being a good leader/head chef. Important factors in supporting the career of female chefs were identified as “equal pay for equal work,” and “ensuring job safety.” Findings obtained from open-ended questions have revealed that female employees are more exposed to gender inequality in the profession. In this context, issues such as “unequal pay, promotion, and working conditions,” “harassment,” “lack of recognition for female employees in the professional culinary,” and “the effects of patriarchal norms” were highlighted. The study contains important findings that can contribute to increasing the representation of female employees in professional culinary within the tourism sector, improving the productivity and competitiveness of businesses, and addressing gender inequality in society.","PeriodicalId":507974,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sociology","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1323096
Tuba Türkmendağ, Nilgün Karaman
Gender inequality is a phenomenon that is particularly prevalent in the culinary profession and professional culinary within the tourism sector, especially affecting female employees. The current study is approached in the context of the patriarchal societal structure and the unique characteristics of gender in the labor market in Turkey. In this regard, this study focuses on the views and opinions regarding gender inequality of undergraduate students in gastronomy and culinary arts programs and, associate degree in vocational cooking programs who have previously worked and/or interned in the professional culinary within the tourism sector in Turkey. For this purpose, a quantitative research method has been employed in the study. In order to reveal detailed insights into participants’ evaluations, open-ended questions have also been included in the survey form. The quantitative findings from the study emphasized the importance of issues such as “the approach of managers,” “working hours,” and “promotion pathways” among the situations that cause gender inequality. The importance of “an equal and fair approach to employees,” and “being kind and considerate to staff” were highlighted as essential qualities for being a good leader/head chef. Important factors in supporting the career of female chefs were identified as “equal pay for equal work,” and “ensuring job safety.” Findings obtained from open-ended questions have revealed that female employees are more exposed to gender inequality in the profession. In this context, issues such as “unequal pay, promotion, and working conditions,” “harassment,” “lack of recognition for female employees in the professional culinary,” and “the effects of patriarchal norms” were highlighted. The study contains important findings that can contribute to increasing the representation of female employees in professional culinary within the tourism sector, improving the productivity and competitiveness of businesses, and addressing gender inequality in society.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1334633
Maria J. Berghs, Francesca Horne, S. Yates, Rachel Kemp, Amy Webster
This article seeks to understand the first-hand experiences of people with sickle cell, a recessively inherited blood disorder, who were identified as clinically extremely vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Part of a larger sequential mixed-methods study, this article uses a selective sample of eight qualitative semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The first stage of IPA focused on practical concerns participants had correlated to understanding shielding and their feelings about being identified as clinically extremely vulnerable. In a secondary stage of analysis, we examined the emotions that it brought forth and the foundations of those based on discriminations. This article adds to our theoretical understanding of embodiment and temporality with respect to chronicity and early ageing. It explains how people with sickle cell disorders have an embodied ethics of crisis and expertise. It also elucidates how people’s experiences during the pandemic cannot be seen in void but illustrates ableism, racism, and ageism in society writ large.
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