Nurul Nadhirah, H. Maideen, A. R. Zuraida, O. Nazreena
Diplazium simplicivenium Holtt. a species of fern in Peninsular Malaysia. This study reports an efficient method for D. simplicivenium spore sterilisation and the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) via green globular bodies (GGB). Sterilisation with 0.1% mercuric chloride effectively allowed spore germination. The result showed that the culture media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L gibberellin positively affects the weight of GGB and the number of shoots with significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The soaking technique established in this study for spore sterilisation is an efficient approach, and the optimal plant and concentration of plant hormones were identified. This procedure can be applied to other indigenous ferns and closely similar species.
{"title":"Spore Germination of Diplazium simplicivenium Holtt. (Athyriaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Nadhirah, H. Maideen, A. R. Zuraida, O. Nazreena","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Diplazium simplicivenium Holtt. a species of fern in Peninsular Malaysia. This study reports an efficient method for D. simplicivenium spore sterilisation and the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) via green globular bodies (GGB). Sterilisation with 0.1% mercuric chloride effectively allowed spore germination. The result showed that the culture media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L gibberellin positively affects the weight of GGB and the number of shoots with significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The soaking technique established in this study for spore sterilisation is an efficient approach, and the optimal plant and concentration of plant hormones were identified. This procedure can be applied to other indigenous ferns and closely similar species.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Razifah Mohd Razali, Nur Zayani Murshidi, Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali, Fazilah Ariffin
The rice husk and anchovy filet industry is one of the world’s most successful industries and generates many biowastes with valuable bioproducts. Combining effective microorganisms (EM) with anchovy head (AH) and rice husk (RH) will produce a beneficial fertilizer and make nutrients more valuable to the plant. Thus, this study aims to determine the most effective anchovy head and rice husk treatment ratio for agricultural applications to reduce waste disposal from anchovy heads and rice husks worldwide, which may cause environmental problems. In this study, rice husk and anchovy head were fermented at five different ratios of treatment weight for 25 days: Treatment A with 100% AH, treatment B with 100% RH, treatment C with 50% AH:50% RH, treatment D with 70% AH:30% RH, and treatment E with 30% AH:70% RH. The pH, temperature, and number of colonies of every treatment were measured every 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. This study shows that treatment D with a ratio of 70% AH: 30% RH is the most suitable based on pH range within 6–8.5, consistently increasing temperature and the highest number of colonies to be applied to plants. The ratio of rice husk and anchovy head of treatment D in this study can be used further by other researchers to discover their potential, especially for the agricultural industry.
{"title":"Effect of Effective Microorganisms in Fermentation of Rice Husk and Anchovy Head Using Lab-scale Treatment","authors":"Razifah Mohd Razali, Nur Zayani Murshidi, Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali, Fazilah Ariffin","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The rice husk and anchovy filet industry is one of the world’s most successful industries and generates many biowastes with valuable bioproducts. Combining effective microorganisms (EM) with anchovy head (AH) and rice husk (RH) will produce a beneficial fertilizer and make nutrients more valuable to the plant. Thus, this study aims to determine the most effective anchovy head and rice husk treatment ratio for agricultural applications to reduce waste disposal from anchovy heads and rice husks worldwide, which may cause environmental problems. In this study, rice husk and anchovy head were fermented at five different ratios of treatment weight for 25 days: Treatment A with 100% AH, treatment B with 100% RH, treatment C with 50% AH:50% RH, treatment D with 70% AH:30% RH, and treatment E with 30% AH:70% RH. The pH, temperature, and number of colonies of every treatment were measured every 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. This study shows that treatment D with a ratio of 70% AH: 30% RH is the most suitable based on pH range within 6–8.5, consistently increasing temperature and the highest number of colonies to be applied to plants. The ratio of rice husk and anchovy head of treatment D in this study can be used further by other researchers to discover their potential, especially for the agricultural industry.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"105 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Solehah Mohd Zaini, Ree Na Ng, Khudair J. D. Abedelazeez, Hamidah Idris, Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
This study aims to produce soursop vinegar and evaluate how its nutritional composition changes during production. This process offers a solution to convert acidic fruits like soursop into a nutritious product with a longer shelf life. Fresh soursop juice was extracted using a mechanical press, followed by alcoholic and acetous fermentation under different aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with some samples aerated. The nutritional analysis included proximate composition, vitamin C content, acetic acid, pH, and soluble solids (TSS or ºBrix). Results during fermentation showed increased moisture content (90.73–93.99%) compared to the control (78.56%) and a decrease in protein content (0.5–0.61%) when Saccharomyces cerevisiae was present (1.53–1.84% without it). Acetic acid and vitamin C levels remained relatively stable, while ºBrix values significantly decreased (4.83–7.00 ºBrix) compared to the initial 15 ºBrix of the control during fermentation. Aeration during production improved the vinegar’s antioxidative capacity, with the highest enhancement observed when Acetobacter sp. was added. Overall, this study highlights the potential of soursop vinegar to retain the nutritional composition of the fruit, resulting in a healthier, natural product with an extended shelf life.
本研究旨在生产酸果醋，并评估其营养成分在生产过程中的变化情况。这一工艺为将酸性水果（如酸果）转化为保质期更长的营养产品提供了一种解决方案。使用机械压榨机榨取新鲜的酸果汁，然后在不同的有氧和无氧条件下进行酒精发酵和乙酸发酵，其中一些样品是通气发酵。营养分析包括近似成分、维生素 C 含量、乙酸、pH 值和可溶性固形物（TSS 或 ºBrix）。发酵过程中的结果显示，与对照组（78.56%）相比，水分含量增加（90.73-93.99%），蛋白质含量降低（0.5-0.61%）（有酵母菌时为 1.53-1.84%，无酵母菌时为 1.53-1.84%）。醋酸和维生素 C 含量保持相对稳定，而白利糖度（ºBrix）与发酵过程中对照组最初的 15 ºBrix 相比则显著下降（4.83-7.00 ºBrix）。生产过程中的通气提高了食醋的抗氧化能力，其中添加醋酸纤维菌（Acetobacter sp.总之，这项研究强调了酸果醋保留水果营养成分的潜力，从而生产出更健康、更天然、保质期更长的产品。
{"title":"The Nutritional, Physico-chemical, and Antioxidant Changes during the Production of Soursop Vinegar Influenced by Yeast and Aeration","authors":"Nurul Solehah Mohd Zaini, Ree Na Ng, Khudair J. D. Abedelazeez, Hamidah Idris, Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to produce soursop vinegar and evaluate how its nutritional composition changes during production. This process offers a solution to convert acidic fruits like soursop into a nutritious product with a longer shelf life. Fresh soursop juice was extracted using a mechanical press, followed by alcoholic and acetous fermentation under different aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with some samples aerated. The nutritional analysis included proximate composition, vitamin C content, acetic acid, pH, and soluble solids (TSS or ºBrix). Results during fermentation showed increased moisture content (90.73–93.99%) compared to the control (78.56%) and a decrease in protein content (0.5–0.61%) when Saccharomyces cerevisiae was present (1.53–1.84% without it). Acetic acid and vitamin C levels remained relatively stable, while ºBrix values significantly decreased (4.83–7.00 ºBrix) compared to the initial 15 ºBrix of the control during fermentation. Aeration during production improved the vinegar’s antioxidative capacity, with the highest enhancement observed when Acetobacter sp. was added. Overall, this study highlights the potential of soursop vinegar to retain the nutritional composition of the fruit, resulting in a healthier, natural product with an extended shelf life.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Qiao Er Wong, Najwa Amalina Haradzi, Dahmendra Sriskanda, S. Subramaniam, Bee Lynn Chew
Meyer lemon (Citrus × meyeri) is a hybrid citrus fruit from the Rutaceae family, originating from China. It is well-known for its distinctive appearance and flavor, as well as its health-nourishing nutrients. Micropropagation is an efficient alternative in the multiplication of plant stocks suitable for the commercial scale. The inclusion of organic additives in culture media has been found to provide a cost-effective option as a plant growth stimulant for in vitro plant development. The current study intends to assess the effects of coconut water and banana homogenate in the regeneration of Meyer lemon. In vitro, shoots were treated in half-strength Murashige and Skoog media fortified with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine with varying concentrations of coconut water and banana homogenate without sucrose. Results revealed that the treatment of 30% coconut water and 40 g/L banana homogenate resulted in the greatest proliferation of new shoots (3.00 ± 0.873 and 1.57 ± 0.297, respectively), whereas treatment of 40% coconut water resulted in the greatest shoot elongation of 0.239 ± 0.026 cm. The current study suggested the incorporation of coconut water and banana homogenate as potential substitutes for carbon sources and growth stimulants in the regeneration of Meyer lemon.
{"title":"Effects of Coconut Water and Banana Homogenate on Shoot Regeneration of Meyer Lemon (Citrus × meyeri)","authors":"Stephanie Qiao Er Wong, Najwa Amalina Haradzi, Dahmendra Sriskanda, S. Subramaniam, Bee Lynn Chew","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Meyer lemon (Citrus × meyeri) is a hybrid citrus fruit from the Rutaceae family, originating from China. It is well-known for its distinctive appearance and flavor, as well as its health-nourishing nutrients. Micropropagation is an efficient alternative in the multiplication of plant stocks suitable for the commercial scale. The inclusion of organic additives in culture media has been found to provide a cost-effective option as a plant growth stimulant for in vitro plant development. The current study intends to assess the effects of coconut water and banana homogenate in the regeneration of Meyer lemon. In vitro, shoots were treated in half-strength Murashige and Skoog media fortified with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine with varying concentrations of coconut water and banana homogenate without sucrose. Results revealed that the treatment of 30% coconut water and 40 g/L banana homogenate resulted in the greatest proliferation of new shoots (3.00 ± 0.873 and 1.57 ± 0.297, respectively), whereas treatment of 40% coconut water resulted in the greatest shoot elongation of 0.239 ± 0.026 cm. The current study suggested the incorporation of coconut water and banana homogenate as potential substitutes for carbon sources and growth stimulants in the regeneration of Meyer lemon.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Mohamad Azim Syed Mahiyuddin, Muhammad Asyraf Abd Latip, Zainuddin Ilias, Khairudin Ghazali, Nik Daud Nik Sin
Holothuria scabra is widely used in traditional medicine or consumed as a healthy or exotic food, causing wild stocks to decrease. Therefore, aquaculture is the best solution to address this issue and support the growing market demand. However, up to now, H. scabra production is facing problems related to the nursery phase, survival rate of larvae and juveniles, production cost, and broodstock for mass production. In this study, the juveniles of H. scabra were divided into three different stocking densities and fed with 1 g of dissolved Spirulina powder once on alternate days. Their length was recorded every two weeks. After six weeks, the juveniles reared with 100 individual densities showed the highest survival rate at 80% compared to 200 and 400 stocking densities. Meanwhile, every tank showed a positive growth rate, indicating that Spirulina powder could potentially promote the growth of juvenile H. scabra. The specific growth rate for stocking density at 100, 200, and 400 were 1.2, 0.86, and 1.37%/day, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum initial stocking density is between 100 and 200 individuals for a 1-ton fibreglass tank with a 500 L water capacity. The Spirulina can be used as the main protein source as compared to other diets for juvenile H. scabra.
{"title":"Survival Rate and Growth Performance of Holothuria scabra Towards Different Stocking Densities and Feeding with Spirulina","authors":"Syed Mohamad Azim Syed Mahiyuddin, Muhammad Asyraf Abd Latip, Zainuddin Ilias, Khairudin Ghazali, Nik Daud Nik Sin","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Holothuria scabra is widely used in traditional medicine or consumed as a healthy or exotic food, causing wild stocks to decrease. Therefore, aquaculture is the best solution to address this issue and support the growing market demand. However, up to now, H. scabra production is facing problems related to the nursery phase, survival rate of larvae and juveniles, production cost, and broodstock for mass production. In this study, the juveniles of H. scabra were divided into three different stocking densities and fed with 1 g of dissolved Spirulina powder once on alternate days. Their length was recorded every two weeks. After six weeks, the juveniles reared with 100 individual densities showed the highest survival rate at 80% compared to 200 and 400 stocking densities. Meanwhile, every tank showed a positive growth rate, indicating that Spirulina powder could potentially promote the growth of juvenile H. scabra. The specific growth rate for stocking density at 100, 200, and 400 were 1.2, 0.86, and 1.37%/day, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum initial stocking density is between 100 and 200 individuals for a 1-ton fibreglass tank with a 500 L water capacity. The Spirulina can be used as the main protein source as compared to other diets for juvenile H. scabra.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"42 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilailuck Khompun, C. Theerakarunwong, W. Chouychai
Synthetic pyrethroid contamination in water is a serious environmental concern as this pesticide is highly toxic to aquatic animals. Phytoremediation using aquatic plants that can tolerate and accumulate pyrethroid pesticides is an interesting alternative. In this study, the phytotoxicity of cypermethrin and deltamethrin, alone or in combination, to three aquatic plants, Azolla microphylla, Salvinia cucullate, and Spirodela polyrrhiza were tested. The results show that S. cucullate was the most sensitive species because the pigment content in the fronds significantly decreased when exposed to pyrethroid in water. Azolla microphylla was the most tolerant species because the pigment content in their fronds significantly increased when exposed to pyrethroid and cypermethrin, which could also significantly increase the plant fresh weight of A. microphylla. Both species could accumulate synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in their tissue. The bioconcentration factors of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in A. microphylla were 3,508.8 and 2,323.5, respectively, while the bioconcentration factors of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in S. cucullate were 453.0 and 381.7, respectively. Azolla microphylla is appropriate for use in pyrethroid phytoremediation in water.
{"title":"Accumulation and Phytotoxicity of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin to Aquatic Plants","authors":"Wilailuck Khompun, C. Theerakarunwong, W. Chouychai","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic pyrethroid contamination in water is a serious environmental concern as this pesticide is highly toxic to aquatic animals. Phytoremediation using aquatic plants that can tolerate and accumulate pyrethroid pesticides is an interesting alternative. In this study, the phytotoxicity of cypermethrin and deltamethrin, alone or in combination, to three aquatic plants, Azolla microphylla, Salvinia cucullate, and Spirodela polyrrhiza were tested. The results show that S. cucullate was the most sensitive species because the pigment content in the fronds significantly decreased when exposed to pyrethroid in water. Azolla microphylla was the most tolerant species because the pigment content in their fronds significantly increased when exposed to pyrethroid and cypermethrin, which could also significantly increase the plant fresh weight of A. microphylla. Both species could accumulate synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in their tissue. The bioconcentration factors of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in A. microphylla were 3,508.8 and 2,323.5, respectively, while the bioconcentration factors of cypermethrin and deltamethrin in S. cucullate were 453.0 and 381.7, respectively. Azolla microphylla is appropriate for use in pyrethroid phytoremediation in water.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erandi Maheshika Gunasekara, Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji, Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud, M. Bejo, A. Ideris, A. R. Omar
Infection with the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 virus has been reported worldwide and poses a health risk to poultry as well as to global health due to its ability to re-assort with other avian influenza viruses. Besides, the silent spread of the H9N2 infection causes significant economic damage to the poultry industry. Recently, Malaysia reported major outbreaks of LPAI H9N2 in commercial layer chicken flocks. Genome sequence analysis indicated that the predominant LPAI H9N2 viruses are of the Y280/BJ94-like lineages. However, the pathogenicity of the virus has not been evaluated. This study determines the pathogenicity of LPAI H9N2 strain UPM994/2018, previously isolated from commercial layer chickens, in one-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, mild tracheal rales, facial edema, sero-nasal discharge, and diarrhea were observed from days 6 to 10 post-inoculation (PI). However, no mortality was recorded. Based on a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, the viruses can be detected in the lungs, trachea, and kidneys of the inoculated chickens on the second day, increased until day 10, then declined at day 16 PI. However, swab samples collected from the oropharyngeal and cloacal regions remain positive from day 2 to day 14 PI, with the highest viral load detected at day 10 PI. In conclusion, although the virus is an LPAI, it is pathogenic in SPF chickens, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal-associated illnesses.
{"title":"Pathogenicity Evaluation of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Layer Flocks in Malaysia in Specific-pathogen-free Chickens","authors":"Erandi Maheshika Gunasekara, Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji, Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud, M. Bejo, A. Ideris, A. R. Omar","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 virus has been reported worldwide and poses a health risk to poultry as well as to global health due to its ability to re-assort with other avian influenza viruses. Besides, the silent spread of the H9N2 infection causes significant economic damage to the poultry industry. Recently, Malaysia reported major outbreaks of LPAI H9N2 in commercial layer chicken flocks. Genome sequence analysis indicated that the predominant LPAI H9N2 viruses are of the Y280/BJ94-like lineages. However, the pathogenicity of the virus has not been evaluated. This study determines the pathogenicity of LPAI H9N2 strain UPM994/2018, previously isolated from commercial layer chickens, in one-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, mild tracheal rales, facial edema, sero-nasal discharge, and diarrhea were observed from days 6 to 10 post-inoculation (PI). However, no mortality was recorded. Based on a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, the viruses can be detected in the lungs, trachea, and kidneys of the inoculated chickens on the second day, increased until day 10, then declined at day 16 PI. However, swab samples collected from the oropharyngeal and cloacal regions remain positive from day 2 to day 14 PI, with the highest viral load detected at day 10 PI. In conclusion, although the virus is an LPAI, it is pathogenic in SPF chickens, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal-associated illnesses.","PeriodicalId":508087,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"29 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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