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Drinking event detection on a sensing wristband using machine learning 利用机器学习检测传感腕带上的饮酒事件
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230524
Vincent Cergolj, Simon Stankoski, Matija Pirc, M. Luštrek
Adequate hydration is important for one’s health, but many people do not consume sufficient fluids. By constantly monitoring fluid intake, we gain information that can be extremely useful in dealing with unhealthy drinking habits. This paper deals with the problem of developing a machine learning method for drinking detection, intended for use on an edge device, with a specific focus on power consumption. The proposed approach is based on data from inertial sensors built into a practical, non-invasive wrist-worn device that monitors wrist movement throughout the day and automatically detects drinking events. It ensures low energy consumption by triggering the machine learning only when the probability of drinking is high, as well as by other energy saving measures. To develop and validate our methods, we collected data from 19 participants, which resulted in 135 hours of data, of which 2 hours and 30 minutes correspond to drinking activities. The algorithm was thoroughly assessed through both offline testing and by running the algorithm directly on the wristband in real life. During the offline evaluation, we obtained a precision of 94.5 %, a recall of 84.9 %, and an F1 score of 89.4 %. Testing in real life demonstrated a precision of 74.5 % and a recall of 89.9 %. Additionally, the energy efficiency analysis showed that our proposed technique for triggering the drinking detection method reduced the battery power consumption during the periods of inactivity by a factor of 5.8 compared to continuously monitoring for drinking events.
充足的水分对人的健康非常重要,但很多人却没有摄入足够的液体。通过持续监测液体摄入量,我们可以获得对处理不健康饮酒习惯非常有用的信息。本文探讨的问题是开发一种用于边缘设备的饮酒检测机器学习方法,重点关注功耗。所提出的方法基于来自惯性传感器的数据,该传感器内置在一个实用的非侵入式腕戴设备中,可全天监测手腕运动并自动检测饮酒事件。它只在饮酒概率较高时触发机器学习,并采取其他节能措施,从而确保低能耗。为了开发和验证我们的方法,我们收集了 19 位参与者的数据,共获得 135 个小时的数据,其中 2 小时 30 分钟与饮酒活动相对应。通过离线测试和在现实生活中直接在腕带上运行算法,我们对算法进行了全面评估。在离线评估中,我们获得了 94.5 % 的精确度、84.9 % 的召回率和 89.4 % 的 F1 分数。在现实生活中进行的测试表明,精确度为 74.5%,召回率为 89.9%。此外,能效分析表明,与持续监测饮酒事件相比,我们提出的触发饮酒检测方法技术可将非活动期间的电池电量消耗降低 5.8 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Secure storage of dynamic node information in smart parking using local blockchain 利用本地区块链安全存储智能停车场中的动态节点信息
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230269
Saeed Khanjari, Amir Masoud Rahmani
One of the challenges drivers face in today’s fast-paced urban world is the ability to access parking spaces quickly. The increase in the number of vehicles in cities, especially in urban areas, as well as the growth of network services in smart cities, has created the need to provide easy-to-use smart parking networks. However, the most critical challenge in building such a network is the secure storage of customer and service provider information. Using blockchain to store data securely requires powerful computing resources and high energy consumption. In this research, combining existing ideas in the field of smart parking and blockchain, a solution will be proposed to use blockchain in dynamic nodes with poor computing resources, such as sensors used in smart parking. As one of the layers introduced in smart parking, we simulated the proposed algorithm in a wireless sensor network (WSN). In light of the findings of previous studies demonstrating the efficacy of Zigbee technology as a mesh topology in WSNs with low-cost infrastructure and resource requirements and our simulation results, we employed this technology to evaluate its performance in our proposed smart parking application. On the other hand, functions created with the Solidity language can use online payment services on such a secure network.
在当今快节奏的城市世界中,驾驶员面临的挑战之一就是能否快速获得停车位。城市(尤其是市区)车辆数量的增加以及智能城市网络服务的发展,促使人们需要提供易于使用的智能停车网络。然而,建立这样一个网络所面临的最关键挑战是如何安全地存储客户和服务提供商的信息。使用区块链安全存储数据需要强大的计算资源和高能耗。在本研究中,将结合智能停车和区块链领域的现有想法,提出一种解决方案,在计算资源贫乏的动态节点(如智能停车中使用的传感器)中使用区块链。作为智能停车中引入的层级之一,我们在无线传感器网络(WSN)中模拟了所提议的算法。 鉴于之前的研究结果表明,Zigbee 技术作为一种网状拓扑结构在 WSN 中具有低成本基础设施和资源需求的功效,以及我们的模拟结果,我们采用了该技术来评估其在我们提议的智能停车应用中的性能。另一方面,使用 Solidity 语言创建的功能可以在这种安全网络上使用在线支付服务。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting energy demand and efficiency in a smart home environment through advanced ensemble model: Stacking and voting 通过高级集合模型预测智能家居环境中的能源需求和效率:堆叠和投票
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230134
Nadia Drir, Younes Kebour
Smart homes integrate several sensors to facilitate information exchange and the execution of tasks. In addition, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, the control of appliances and remote devices has become possible. This sensor collects data in real time to closely monitor the devices of a user’s household. The present study employs a machine learning methodology to perform a global analysis of energy consumption and efficiency in smart homes. In This work we propose two advanced ensemble models to improve the performance of energy consumption in smart homes, the first one is a voting ensemble model based on a ranking weight averaging that combines following basic machine learning techniques: decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The second one is the stacking ensemble model in which the basic models (DT-RF-XGB) are combined through stacked generalization, then uses a secondary layer model or meta-learner (RF) to provide output prediction. The findings obtained show that the proposed ensemble model based on DT-RF-XGB using stacking technique surpasses all other basic algorithms with R2 around 0.9825.
智能家居集成了多个传感器,以促进信息交流和任务执行。此外,随着物联网(IoT)平台的发展,控制电器和远程设备成为可能。这种传感器可实时收集数据,密切监控用户家中的设备。本研究采用机器学习方法对智能家居的能耗和能效进行全局分析。在这项工作中,我们提出了两种先进的集合模型来提高智能家居的能耗性能,第一种是基于排序权重平均的投票集合模型,它结合了以下基本机器学习技术:决策树(DT)、随机森林(RF)和极梯度提升(XGB)。第二种是堆叠集合模型,通过堆叠泛化将基本模型(DT-RF-XGB)结合起来,然后使用第二层模型或元学习器(RF)提供输出预测。研究结果表明,基于 DT-RF-XGB 的拟议集合模型采用了堆叠技术,其 R2 约为 0.9825,超过了所有其他基本算法。
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引用次数: 0
GreenhouseGuard: Enabling real-time warning prediction for smart greenhouse management GreenhouseGuard:实现智能温室管理的实时预警预测
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230359
Juan Morales-García, Diego Padilla-Quimbiulco, Magdalena Cantabella, Belén Ayuso, Andrés Muñoz, José M. Cecilia
Greenhouses constitute intricate systems where numerous variables play a pivotal role in enhancing crop yields within the framework of intensive agriculture. Consequently, real-time monitoring and visualization of these variables are imperative to strike a balance between resource efficiency and production maximization. Furthermore, the ability to make predictive assessments regarding these variables is essential to avert potential greenhouse disasters. In this article, we introduce an intelligent alert system designed to efficiently oversee agricultural operations within a functioning greenhouse, ultimately bolstering productivity through the optimization of crop growth and energy consumption. This system comprises a web application, GreenhouseGuard, which improves the graphical and statistical representation of data collected by a network of sensors strategically positioned throughout the greenhouse, as well as the forecasts generated from this data. These sensors are strategically located to provide more precise real-time data readings, thereby minimizing error margins. Moreover, GreenhouseGuard offers diverse data visualization options and forecasts of greenhouse variables to enable in-depth analysis of the acquired information. Consequently, this alert system empowers greenhouse managers to proactively address abnormal situations that may jeopardize their crop yields.
温室是一个复杂的系统,在集约化农业框架内,众多变量在提高作物产量方面发挥着关键作用。因此,必须对这些变量进行实时监测和可视化,以便在资源效率和产量最大化之间取得平衡。此外,对这些变量进行预测评估的能力对于避免潜在的温室灾害也至关重要。在本文中,我们将介绍一种智能警报系统,该系统旨在有效监督正常温室内的农业作业,最终通过优化作物生长和能源消耗来提高生产率。该系统包括一个名为 GreenhouseGuard 的网络应用程序,它能以图形和统计的方式改进由战略性地布置在整个温室内的传感器网络收集的数据,以及根据这些数据生成的预测。这些传感器的战略位置可提供更精确的实时数据读数,从而最大限度地减少误差。此外,GreenhouseGuard 还提供多样化的数据可视化选项和温室变量预测,以便对获取的信息进行深入分析。因此,该警报系统使温室管理人员能够积极应对可能危及作物产量的异常情况。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive fuzzy-based node communication performance prediction with hybrid heuristic Cluster Head selection framework in WSN using enhanced K-means clustering mechanism 利用增强型 K-means 聚类机制,在 WSN 中使用混合启发式簇头选择框架进行基于模糊的自适应节点通信性能预测
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230408
Asha Ayyappan, Rajesh Arunachalam, Manivel Lenin Kumar
The “Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)” has gained a lot of interest among research scholars and has been utilized in various advanced applications in distinct fields. Along with the load balancing techniques, the clustering scheme also prolongs the network’s overall lifespan. The “Cluster Head (CH)” performs the task of load balancing between the nodes in the “Clustering algorithm”; hence, the CH selection procedure is regarded as a critical task in the case of the clustering algorithms. Depending on the CH selection and cluster nodes, the rate of energy consumed by these CHs will be reduced in the wireless sensor. CH selection is a promising solution for the transmission of information within various parameters. Thus, CH selection leads to an increase in the duration of the system and a reduction in the energy utilization by the nodes. Therefore, an “optimization-based CH selection” mechanism in WSN is developed in this paper along with an enhanced node communication performance prediction strategy to provide better communication between the “Sensor Nodes (SNs)” with limited energy expenditure. The node’s communication performance is predicted using the Adaptive Fuzzy, in which metrics such as bit rate, latency, throughput, loss, and packet delivery ratio are specified as the input to the network. Here, the parameters within the fuzzy network are tuned with the help of the recommended “Hybrid Position of Heap and African Buffalo Optimization (HP-HABO)”. Then, to perform efficient node clustering, the “Optimal K-Means Clustering (OKMC)” approach is executed and the CHs are formed using the developed HP-HABO. The objective function depends on the constraints like energy, distance, and predicted communication performance attained by forming these CHs. The performance of the developed CH selection mechanism is verified by analyzing the experimental outcome of the proposed technique with different optimization algorithms and previous works concerning the objective constraints.
无线传感器网络(WSN)"已引起研究学者们的极大兴趣,并被用于不同领域的各种高级应用中。除了负载平衡技术,聚类方案还能延长网络的整体寿命。在 "聚类算法 "中,"簇首(CH)"在节点之间执行负载平衡任务;因此,在聚类算法中,CH 选择程序被视为一项关键任务。根据 CH 选择和集群节点,这些 CH 消耗的能量将在无线传感器中减少。CH 选择是在各种参数范围内传输信息的一种有前途的解决方案。因此,CH 选择会延长系统的持续时间,降低节点的能量利用率。因此,本文在 WSN 中开发了一种 "基于优化的 CH 选择 "机制和一种增强型节点通信性能预测策略,以便在有限的能量消耗下为 "传感器节点(SN)"之间提供更好的通信。节点的通信性能采用自适应模糊预测,其中比特率、延迟、吞吐量、损耗和数据包交付率等指标被指定为网络的输入。在这里,模糊网络中的参数是在推荐的 "堆和非洲水牛混合位置优化(HP-HABO)"的帮助下调整的。然后,为了执行高效的节点聚类,执行了 "最优 K-Means 聚类(OKMC)"方法,并使用开发的 HP-HABO 形成 CH。目标函数取决于能量、距离等约束条件,以及通过组建这些 CH 达到的预测通信性能。通过分析所提技术与不同优化算法的实验结果以及以前有关目标约束条件的著作,验证了所开发的 CH 选择机制的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Preface to JAISE 16(2) JAISE 16(2)序言
Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.3233/ais-246002
J. Augusto, H. Aghajan
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引用次数: 0
A survey on obstacles to the widespread use of connected and automated vehicles 关于广泛使用联网和自动驾驶汽车的障碍的调查
Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230232
Serra Uysal, Mehmet Tahir Sandikkaya
Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are rapidly evolving technology with great benefits such as reducing gas emissions and decreasing traffic congestion. They have the potential to change the traditional transportation industry due to their benefits. However, the implementation phase for CAVs decelerates with the uncertainties of legislation on privacy-preserving and public concerns. Perception of people needs to be understood beforehand. Main concern points like possible attacks and mitigation techniques, and privacy protection should be addressed. Certain regulation system should be implemented, and transportation habits should be considered. After thinking over those points, adaption of CAVs can be achieved more smoothly. In this survey paper, we aim to shed light on the obstacles to the widespread use of CAVs by collecting existing literature and creating a sophisticated bouquet of the issues. Public perception, common attacks and mitigation techniques, privacy protection, regulations, and possible transportation habit shifts related to CAVs are examined. With the information gathered from this survey, manufacturers and policymakers can determine an influential pathway for the development of CAVs.
互联和自动驾驶汽车(CAV)是一项快速发展的技术,具有减少气体排放和缓解交通拥堵等巨大优势。由于其优势,它们有可能改变传统的运输行业。然而,由于隐私保护立法的不确定性和公众的担忧,CAVs 的实施阶段正在减速。需要事先了解人们的看法。应解决可能的攻击和缓解技术以及隐私保护等主要关切点。应实施一定的监管制度,并考虑交通习惯。在考虑了这些问题之后,CAV 的适应性才能更顺利地实现。在这篇调查报告中,我们旨在通过收集现有文献,对普及 CAV 所面临的障碍进行深入探讨。本文研究了与 CAV 相关的公众认知、常见攻击和缓解技术、隐私保护、法规以及可能的交通习惯转变。通过此次调查收集的信息,制造商和政策制定者可以为 CAV 的发展确定一条具有影响力的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Sensor event sequence prediction for proactive smart home: A GPT2-based autoregressive language model approach 用于主动式智能家居的传感器事件序列预测:基于 GPT2 的自回归语言模型方法
Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.3233/ais-230429
Naoto Takeda, Roberto Legaspi, Yasutaka Nishimura, Kazushi Ikeda, A. Minamikawa, Thomas Plötz, Sonia Chernova
We propose a framework for predicting sensor event sequences (SES) in smart homes, which can proactively support residents’ activities and alert them if activities are not completed as intended. We leverage ongoing activity recognition to enhance the prediction performance, employing a GPT2-based model typically used for sentence generation. We hypothesize that the relationship between ongoing activities and SES patterns is akin to the relationship between topics and word sequence patterns in natural language processing (NLP), enabling us to apply the GPT2-based model to SES prediction. We empirically evaluated our method using two real-world datasets in which residents performed their usual daily activities. Our experimental results demonstrates that the use of the GPT2-based model significantly improves the F1 value of SES prediction from 0.461 to 0.708 compared to the state-of-the-art method, and that leveraging knowledge on ongoing activity can further improve performance to 0.837. Achieving these SES predictions using the ongoing activity recognition model required simple feature engineering and modeling, yielding a performance rate of approximately 80%.
我们提出了一个预测智能家居中传感器事件序列(SES)的框架,它可以主动支持居民的活动,并在活动未按预期完成时发出警报。我们采用通常用于句子生成的基于 GPT2 的模型,利用正在进行的活动识别来提高预测性能。我们假设,正在进行的活动与 SES 模式之间的关系类似于自然语言处理 (NLP) 中主题与词序模式之间的关系,这使我们能够将基于 GPT2 的模型应用于 SES 预测。我们使用两个真实世界的数据集对我们的方法进行了实证评估,这些数据集中的居民都在进行日常活动。我们的实验结果表明,与最先进的方法相比,使用基于 GPT2 的模型可显著提高 SES 预测的 F1 值,从 0.461 提高到 0.708,而利用正在进行的活动知识可将性能进一步提高到 0.837。利用正在进行的活动识别模型实现这些 SES 预测只需简单的特征工程和建模,性能比约为 80%。
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引用次数: 0
Acknowledgment of JAISE reviewers in 2023 鸣谢 2023 年 JAISE 评审员
Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.3233/ais-246001
H. Aghajan, J. Augusto, Andrés Muñoz Ortega
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引用次数: 0
Preface to JAISE 16(1) JAISE 16(1)序言
Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.3233/ais-246000
H. Aghajan, J. Augusto
{"title":"Preface to JAISE 16(1)","authors":"H. Aghajan, J. Augusto","doi":"10.3233/ais-246000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ais-246000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508128,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
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