Мaksim V. Chashchin, A. I. Atabekov, Еlena А. Kayk, Аndrey B. Gudkov, ON Popova
Laboratory tests of air pollution at shipbuilding enterprises have shown that dust particles of welding aerosol consist of both poorly soluble Al, Fe, Ti and Pb compounds and Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and V compounds that are highly soluble in an artificial solution, while their ratio varies depending on the welding method. The purpose of this article was to perform a hygiene assessment of the air pollution in the shipyards’ working areas, taking into account solubility test results for the metal compounds contained in the welding aerosol. Materials and methods. The object of the study were the welding processes of two shipyards in St. Petersburg, Russia. We collected 97 air samples from under the welder’s face shield using 5.0 µm membrane filters and SKC Sidekick personal pumps. The soluble and insoluble chemical compounds of the welding aerosol in the artificial solution were analysed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Element XR) and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Optima 7300V). Results. Significant differences were established between the enterprises in the shift-weighted average concentrations of chemicals in the air of welding areas: by the factor of 19.6 for manganese (181.04 and 3563.80 µg/m3) and 1.5 for iron (1291.71 and 862.49 µg/m3). We recorded a wide range of shift-weighted average concentrations of welding aerosols with a complex chemical composition in the welding working areas. However, there were significant hygienic differences in the test results between the shipyards. One of the important characteristics of welding aerosol studied here is the solubility of its elements, which determines the ability of toxic substances to penetrate through the lung tissue into the bloodstream, causing acute or chronic health effects. Thus, hygiene assessments of the air pollution in the working areas in shipbuilding should be based on a personalized approach and take into account changes in the welding methods applied, types of welding materials, etc.
{"title":"Hygienic Characteristics of the Air Pollution in the Welding Working Area in Shipbuilding (the Case of St. Petersburg Shipyards)","authors":"Мaksim V. Chashchin, A. I. Atabekov, Еlena А. Kayk, Аndrey B. Gudkov, ON Popova","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z163","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory tests of air pollution at shipbuilding enterprises have shown that dust particles of welding aerosol consist of both poorly soluble Al, Fe, Ti and Pb compounds and Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and V compounds that are highly soluble in an artificial solution, while their ratio varies depending on the welding method. The purpose of this article was to perform a hygiene assessment of the air pollution in the shipyards’ working areas, taking into account solubility test results for the metal compounds contained in the welding aerosol. Materials and methods. The object of the study were the welding processes of two shipyards in St. Petersburg, Russia. We collected 97 air samples from under the welder’s face shield using 5.0 µm membrane filters and SKC Sidekick personal pumps. The soluble and insoluble chemical compounds of the welding aerosol in the artificial solution were analysed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Element XR) and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Optima 7300V). Results. Significant differences were established between the enterprises in the shift-weighted average concentrations of chemicals in the air of welding areas: by the factor of 19.6 for manganese (181.04 and 3563.80 µg/m3) and 1.5 for iron (1291.71 and 862.49 µg/m3). We recorded a wide range of shift-weighted average concentrations of welding aerosols with a complex chemical composition in the welding working areas. However, there were significant hygienic differences in the test results between the shipyards. One of the important characteristics of welding aerosol studied here is the solubility of its elements, which determines the ability of toxic substances to penetrate through the lung tissue into the bloodstream, causing acute or chronic health effects. Thus, hygiene assessments of the air pollution in the working areas in shipbuilding should be based on a personalized approach and take into account changes in the welding methods applied, types of welding materials, etc.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic polymorphisms, in combination with unfavourable external factors, cause dysfunction of the key life support systems in the body. Studying the C825T (rs5443) polymorphism of the GNB3 gene as a genetic marker for overweight and visceral obesity will help to identify the risks of somatic disorders in young university students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and morphological parameters in students of a northern university. Materials and мethods. A total of 96 students of Surgut State Pedagogical University aged 17–20 years were examined. Alleles of the rs5443 polymorphism of the GNB3 gene were identified by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction using KardioGenetika kit (Russia). Body composition was assessed using Tanita BC-601 scales. Muscle, bone and fat mass as well as visceral fat and water content were determined. Correlations between the C825T alleles of the GNB3 gene and anthropometric parameters as well as body composition were established. Results. The mutant T allele of the rs5443 polymorphism of the GNB3 gene was found in 30 % of the total sample, which reflects the general population trend. The analysis of genotype frequency distribution for the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene revealed a statistically significant prevalence of the homozygous C/C genotype in female and heterozygous C/T genotype in male subjects (Pearson’s χ2 test: χ2 = 7.75; p = 0.02). Overweight students were statistically significantly more likely to have a mutant T allele compared to students with normal BMI (χ2 = 5.62; p = 0.018). A moderate direct association (at p < 0.05) between certain anthropometric parameters and body composition and the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene in the examined students was found.
{"title":"Association Between the C825T Polymorphism of the GNB3 Gene and Morphological Factors of Somatic Disorders in Students of a Northern University","authors":"V.P. Mal'tsev, A. Govorukhina, Oleg A. Mal’kov","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z162","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic polymorphisms, in combination with unfavourable external factors, cause dysfunction of the key life support systems in the body. Studying the C825T (rs5443) polymorphism of the GNB3 gene as a genetic marker for overweight and visceral obesity will help to identify the risks of somatic disorders in young university students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene and morphological parameters in students of a northern university. Materials and мethods. A total of 96 students of Surgut State Pedagogical University aged 17–20 years were examined. Alleles of the rs5443 polymorphism of the GNB3 gene were identified by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction using KardioGenetika kit (Russia). Body composition was assessed using Tanita BC-601 scales. Muscle, bone and fat mass as well as visceral fat and water content were determined. Correlations between the C825T alleles of the GNB3 gene and anthropometric parameters as well as body composition were established. Results. The mutant T allele of the rs5443 polymorphism of the GNB3 gene was found in 30 % of the total sample, which reflects the general population trend. The analysis of genotype frequency distribution for the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene revealed a statistically significant prevalence of the homozygous C/C genotype in female and heterozygous C/T genotype in male subjects (Pearson’s χ2 test: χ2 = 7.75; p = 0.02). Overweight students were statistically significantly more likely to have a mutant T allele compared to students with normal BMI (χ2 = 5.62; p = 0.018). A moderate direct association (at p < 0.05) between certain anthropometric parameters and body composition and the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene in the examined students was found.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of fat metabolism and the levels of sympathoadrenal hormones in the indigenous population of the Arctic presently changing their lifestyle from nomadic to sedentary is undoubtedly of practical interest. The purpose of this article was to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of catecholamines, triglycerides and saturated fatty acids in the inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, depending on their lifestyle (nomadic indigenous people, sedentary indigenous people, and local Russian population), age and sex. Materials and methods. The study involved 472 subjects: men and women of the first (men: 22–35 years old; women: 21–35 years old) and second (men: 36–60 years old; women: 36–55 years old) periods of adulthood, leading different lifestyles. The following were determined in the blood serum: triglyceride concentrations using the enzymatic method; level of saturated fatty acids (ƩSFA) using gas-liquid chromatography, followed by а calculation of the content of short-, medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids (ƩSCFA, ƩMCFA, ƩLCFA). Urine levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined by means of fluorimetry. Results. Regardless of their lifestyle, adult subjects, primarily women, showed high adrenaline values, low triglyceride concentrations and elevated ƩSFA. Correlation analysis established a negative association of adrenaline with ƩLCFA and ƩSFA in sedentary indigenous women aged 21–35 years and with ƩMCFA in those aged 36–55 years. In local Russian women aged 36–55 years, on the contrary, a positive association of noradrenaline with ƩSCFA, ƩMCFA, ƩLCFA and ƩSFA was found. No statistically significant correlations were identified in nomadic indigenous women. Unlike women, men had a correlation between adrenaline content and ƩMCFA only among local Russians: negative in 22–35-year-olds and positive in 36–60-year-olds with high noradrenaline levels. On the one hand, low triglyceride values and elevated ƩSFA among residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation maintain the energy homeostasis of the body. On the other hand, they lead to overweight and obesity, which increases the risk of new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated diseases, especially in women.
{"title":"Analysis of Catecholamine Content and Lipid Metabolism Parameters in the Indigenous and Local Russian Population of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation","authors":"E. Nesterova, F. Bichkaeva, B. Shengof","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z169","url":null,"abstract":"The study of fat metabolism and the levels of sympathoadrenal hormones in the indigenous population of the Arctic presently changing their lifestyle from nomadic to sedentary is undoubtedly of practical interest. The purpose of this article was to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of catecholamines, triglycerides and saturated fatty acids in the inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, depending on their lifestyle (nomadic indigenous people, sedentary indigenous people, and local Russian population), age and sex. Materials and methods. The study involved 472 subjects: men and women of the first (men: 22–35 years old; women: 21–35 years old) and second (men: 36–60 years old; women: 36–55 years old) periods of adulthood, leading different lifestyles. The following were determined in the blood serum: triglyceride concentrations using the enzymatic method; level of saturated fatty acids (ƩSFA) using gas-liquid chromatography, followed by а calculation of the content of short-, medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids (ƩSCFA, ƩMCFA, ƩLCFA). Urine levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined by means of fluorimetry. Results. Regardless of their lifestyle, adult subjects, primarily women, showed high adrenaline values, low triglyceride concentrations and elevated ƩSFA. Correlation analysis established a negative association of adrenaline with ƩLCFA and ƩSFA in sedentary indigenous women aged 21–35 years and with ƩMCFA in those aged 36–55 years. In local Russian women aged 36–55 years, on the contrary, a positive association of noradrenaline with ƩSCFA, ƩMCFA, ƩLCFA and ƩSFA was found. No statistically significant correlations were identified in nomadic indigenous women. Unlike women, men had a correlation between adrenaline content and ƩMCFA only among local Russians: negative in 22–35-year-olds and positive in 36–60-year-olds with high noradrenaline levels. On the one hand, low triglyceride values and elevated ƩSFA among residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation maintain the energy homeostasis of the body. On the other hand, they lead to overweight and obesity, which increases the risk of new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated diseases, especially in women.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekaterina S. Ivanova, Razina R. Nigmatullina, Aleksey V. Bezbryazov
It has been proven that both central and peripheral fatigue contributes to а decrease in physical performance. Physical activity causes biochemical changes in the body. One of the most important factors causing biochemical changes and leading to fatigue is the accumulation of extracellular serotonin in both the blood and the brain during exercise. It is a hormone whose concentration increases with physical activity. This paper describes the basic mechanisms of serotonin synthesis, its contradictory effects on motor neurons and its direct impact on the structure of muscle tissue. An extensive literature search was conducted among publications in the PubMed database for the period from its launch to 2022 using the query effects of serotonin on physical performance and the following keywords: serotonin, physical fatigue, physical performance, muscles. The subject search was expanded to obtain additional information and define common terms. As a result, 82 records were found, while additional 25 studies were selected manually, describing the effects of serotonin on physical performance both by the site of action and by the mechanisms of its formation. Selection was based on the healthy people and animals criterion, but was not limited by the language or type of publication. The results include article reviews, reports and abstracts of scientific papers. References to studies on the topic of interest in the works were considered to identify additional publications.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Serotonin Effects on Physical Performance: A Descriptive Review","authors":"Ekaterina S. Ivanova, Razina R. Nigmatullina, Aleksey V. Bezbryazov","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z168","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proven that both central and peripheral fatigue contributes to а decrease in physical performance. Physical activity causes biochemical changes in the body. One of the most important factors causing biochemical changes and leading to fatigue is the accumulation of extracellular serotonin in both the blood and the brain during exercise. It is a hormone whose concentration increases with physical activity. This paper describes the basic mechanisms of serotonin synthesis, its contradictory effects on motor neurons and its direct impact on the structure of muscle tissue. An extensive literature search was conducted among publications in the PubMed database for the period from its launch to 2022 using the query effects of serotonin on physical performance and the following keywords: serotonin, physical fatigue, physical performance, muscles. The subject search was expanded to obtain additional information and define common terms. As a result, 82 records were found, while additional 25 studies were selected manually, describing the effects of serotonin on physical performance both by the site of action and by the mechanisms of its formation. Selection was based on the healthy people and animals criterion, but was not limited by the language or type of publication. The results include article reviews, reports and abstracts of scientific papers. References to studies on the topic of interest in the works were considered to identify additional publications.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey N. Levitsky, Natalia A. Bebyakova, Nadezhda G. Davydova, Aleksandra S. Galieva
When it comes to studying periodontal diseases and their correlation with general physical pathology, the relationship between the state of oral organs and tissues and the haemodynamic system is of interest; however, research is often conducted without taking into account molecular genetic determinants. The purpose of this article was to determine the relationship of the T704C and C521C polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGT2R1) gene with dental caries experience in young people living in the European North of Russa. Materials and methods. The research included 57 healthy male and female subjects (mean age 18.2 years; confidence interval 17.9–19.4) permanently residing in the Arkhangelsk Region. The polymorphisms under study were genotyped by means of pyrosequencing; their allele and genotype frequencies were determined. Angiotensin II level in blood plasma was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Decay-missing-filled (DMF) index and forms of caries in subjects with and without mutant alleles for each gene variant were determined. Results. Young individuals with mutant AGT and AGT2R1 gene alleles showed high DMF index; however, a statistically significant increase in DMF index was observed only in the case of the T704C polymorphism. Angiotensin II levels in young subjects did not differ statistically significantly by sex; however, a tendency was observed towards increased angiotensin II level in the presence of mutant alleles of all the genes under study in the genotype. Among the carriers of the mutant C allele of the T704C polymorphism of the AGT gene, subjects with the decompensated form of caries prevailed, while carriers of the mutant T allele of the C521T polymorphism of the AGT gene showed higher frequency of the subcompensated form of caries. Carriers of the mutant C allele of the A1166C polymorphism of the AGT2R1 gene demonstrated increased frequency of the compensated form of caries with a slight decrease in the frequency of the subcompensated and decompensated forms.
在研究牙周疾病及其与一般生理病理的相关性时，口腔器官和组织的状态与血液动力系统之间的关系很受关注；然而，研究往往没有考虑到分子遗传决定因素。本文旨在确定血管紧张素原（AGT）基因的 T704C 和 C521C 多态性以及血管紧张素 II 受体 1 型（AGT2R1）基因的 A1166C 多态性与居住在俄罗斯欧洲北部的年轻人龋齿经历的关系。材料与方法研究对象包括 57 名常住阿尔汉格尔斯克州的健康男性和女性受试者（平均年龄 18.2 岁；可信区间 17.9-19.4）。研究中的多态性通过热测序法进行了基因分型，并确定了其等位基因和基因型频率。血浆中的血管紧张素 II 水平是通过酶联免疫吸附法测定的。测定了每种基因变异的突变等位基因和非突变等位基因受试者的龋齿缺失指数（DMF）和龋齿形式。结果显示AGT和AGT2R1基因等位基因突变的年轻人显示出较高的DMF指数；然而，只有在T704C多态性的情况下，DMF指数才会出现统计学意义上的显著增加。年轻受试者的血管紧张素 II 水平在统计学上没有明显的性别差异；但是，如果基因型中存在所有研究基因的突变等位基因，则血管紧张素 II 水平有升高的趋势。在 AGT 基因 T704C 多态性突变等位基因 C 的携带者中，患有失代偿型龋齿的受试者居多，而 AGT 基因 C521T 多态性突变等位基因 T 的携带者患有亚代偿型龋齿的频率较高。AGT2R1 基因 A1166C 多态性突变等位基因 C 的携带者患代偿型龋齿的频率增加，而患亚代偿型和失代偿型龋齿的频率略有下降。
{"title":"Relationship Between Gene Polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Dental Caries Experience","authors":"Sergey N. Levitsky, Natalia A. Bebyakova, Nadezhda G. Davydova, Aleksandra S. Galieva","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z158","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to studying periodontal diseases and their correlation with general physical pathology, the relationship between the state of oral organs and tissues and the haemodynamic system is of interest; however, research is often conducted without taking into account molecular genetic determinants. The purpose of this article was to determine the relationship of the T704C and C521C polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGT2R1) gene with dental caries experience in young people living in the European North of Russa. Materials and methods. The research included 57 healthy male and female subjects (mean age 18.2 years; confidence interval 17.9–19.4) permanently residing in the Arkhangelsk Region. The polymorphisms under study were genotyped by means of pyrosequencing; their allele and genotype frequencies were determined. Angiotensin II level in blood plasma was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Decay-missing-filled (DMF) index and forms of caries in subjects with and without mutant alleles for each gene variant were determined. Results. Young individuals with mutant AGT and AGT2R1 gene alleles showed high DMF index; however, a statistically significant increase in DMF index was observed only in the case of the T704C polymorphism. Angiotensin II levels in young subjects did not differ statistically significantly by sex; however, a tendency was observed towards increased angiotensin II level in the presence of mutant alleles of all the genes under study in the genotype. Among the carriers of the mutant C allele of the T704C polymorphism of the AGT gene, subjects with the decompensated form of caries prevailed, while carriers of the mutant T allele of the C521T polymorphism of the AGT gene showed higher frequency of the subcompensated form of caries. Carriers of the mutant C allele of the A1166C polymorphism of the AGT2R1 gene demonstrated increased frequency of the compensated form of caries with a slight decrease in the frequency of the subcompensated and decompensated forms.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Adaptation of Construction and Finishing Work Students to Practical Training","authors":"O. V. Kiek, V. Pokrovskiy","doi":"10.37482/2542-1298-z003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2542-1298-z003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"60 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141208303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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