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ÉMIGRÉ ECONOMISTS IN AMERICA: THEIR IMPACT AND THEIR EXPERIENCES 移民美国的经济学家:他们的影响和经验
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000627
Harald Hagemann
I first visited the United States in September 1980 when I spent two weeks at the New School for Social Research in New York. The main reason was the first personal meeting with Adolph Lowe (1893–1995), with whom I had been in close contact since spring 1977 when I got my PhD in economics from the University of Kiel. Lowe had built up a new department for research on business cycles and international statistical economics at the Kiel Institute of World Economics since April 1926, which soon acquired an international reputation (Hagemann 2021). The group included such outstanding economists as Gerhard Colm, Hans Neisser, Fritz (Frank) Burchardt, and for some years also Wassily Leontief and Jacob Marschak. None of them remained in Germany after the Nazis’ rise to power in 1933. Lowe had moved to the Goethe University in Frankfurt in October 1931, where he was dismissed after three semesters. Like many other émigré economists, he first went to Great Britain (Hagemann 2007), where he became an honorary lecturer in economics and political philosophy at the University of Manchester. In summer 1940 he moved further to New York where the Graduate Faculty of the New School had been founded as the “University in Exile” by Alvin Johnson, and Emil Lederer became the founding dean in 1933.1 Thus, in contrast to Colm, Lowe, as well as his lifelong friend Marschak (both were supervisors of Franco Modigliani’s New School PhD thesis) and Neisser were not members of the Mayflower generation.
我第一次访问美国是在 1980 年 9 月,当时我在纽约新社会研究学院(New School for Social Research)学习了两周。主要原因是与阿道夫-洛威(1893-1995 年)的首次个人会面,自 1977 年春我在基尔大学获得经济学博士学位以来,我一直与他保持着密切联系。自 1926 年 4 月以来,洛维在基尔世界经济研究所建立了一个新的部门,研究商业周期和国际统计经济学,该部门很快就获得了国际声誉(Hagemann 2021)。该小组包括格哈德-科尔姆、汉斯-奈瑟、弗里茨(弗兰克)-布尔查特等杰出的经济学家,还有瓦西里-列昂惕夫和雅各布-马沙克。1933 年纳粹上台后,他们都没有留在德国。罗威于 1931 年 10 月移居法兰克福歌德大学,三个学期后被开除。与其他许多移民经济学家一样,他先去了英国(Hagemann,2007 年),成为曼彻斯特大学经济学和政治哲学的荣誉讲师。1940 年夏,他又来到纽约,那里的新学院研究生院是阿尔文-约翰逊(Alvin Johnson)创办的 "流亡大学",埃米尔-莱德勒(Emil Lederer)于 1933 年成为创始院长。1 因此,与科尔姆相反,洛威以及他的毕生好友马沙克(两人都是弗朗哥-莫迪利亚尼新学院博士论文的导师)和尼瑟都不是 "五月花 "一代的成员。
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引用次数: 0
THOUGHTS ON MY HES LIFE 对我犹豫不决的生活的思考
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000433
Malcolm Rutherford
This paper outlines my own career within the History of Economics Society, my contributions to the society, and its central importance to my research endeavours. It is impossible for me to imagine having the career I have had without the HES, and my own case highlights how the society functioned to mentor and develop my academic career. This mentoring function is, in my view, the society’s most important, and one that has become only more vital in the face of the declining interest in the area within mainstream economics departments in the US, Canada, and the UK.
本文概述了我在经济史学会的职业生涯、我对学会的贡献以及学会对我的研究工作的重要意义。我无法想象,如果没有经济史学会,我的职业生涯会是怎样的。我自己的案例突出说明了学会是如何指导和发展我的学术生涯的。在我看来,这种指导功能是学会最重要的功能,而且在美国、加拿大和英国的主流经济学系对该领域的兴趣日益减少的情况下,这种功能变得更加重要。
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引用次数: 0
“I GET BY WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM MY FRIENDS … ”: AN EDITOR’S RETROSPECTIVE "我在朋友的帮助下......":一位编辑的回顾
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000470
Steven G. Medema
In this article, Steven Medema provides some reflections on his tenure as editor of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought (1999 – 2008). This was a time of significant transition in the life of the journal, and the successful navigation of this period provides an excellent illustration of how much an editor and a journal rely on the assistance and support of both key individuals and the broader community of scholars in the field.
在这篇文章中,史蒂文-梅德马(Steven Medema)对他担任《经济思想史杂志》编辑(1999-2008 年)期间的工作进行了一些反思。这一时期是《经济思想史》杂志生命中的重要转折期,这一时期的成功经历很好地说明了编辑和杂志在多大程度上依赖于关键人物和该领域更广泛的学者群体的协助和支持。
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引用次数: 0
REMEMBRANCES OF A TREASURER: 1999–2015 司库回忆:1999-2015 年
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000548
N. Niman
I began as the secretary/treasurer for the History of Economics Society (HES) in 1999. Prior to my appointment, I had attended one conference and really didn’t know much about the society. My colleague Jim Wible (who was an active member) asked me if I would be interested and essentially pushed my name forward (there probably were not any other takers at the time). I was handed a paper ledger, a notebook of minutes, another collection of materials that were passed down from president to president, and $50,000 in bank deposits.
我于 1999 年开始担任经济史学会(HES)的秘书/财务主管。在我上任之前,我只参加过一次会议,对该学会真的不甚了解。我的同事吉姆-韦伯(Jim Wible,他是一名活跃的会员)问我是否有兴趣,并把我的名字推了上去(当时可能没有其他人选了)。我拿到了一本纸质账簿、一本会议记录笔记本、另一本会长传给会长的资料集,以及 5 万美元的银行存款。
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引用次数: 0
ÉMIGRÉ ECONOMISTS IN AMERICA: THEIR IMPACT AND THEIR EXPERIENCES 移民美国的经济学家:他们的影响和经验
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000627
Harald Hagemann
I first visited the United States in September 1980 when I spent two weeks at the New School for Social Research in New York. The main reason was the first personal meeting with Adolph Lowe (1893–1995), with whom I had been in close contact since spring 1977 when I got my PhD in economics from the University of Kiel. Lowe had built up a new department for research on business cycles and international statistical economics at the Kiel Institute of World Economics since April 1926, which soon acquired an international reputation (Hagemann 2021). The group included such outstanding economists as Gerhard Colm, Hans Neisser, Fritz (Frank) Burchardt, and for some years also Wassily Leontief and Jacob Marschak. None of them remained in Germany after the Nazis’ rise to power in 1933. Lowe had moved to the Goethe University in Frankfurt in October 1931, where he was dismissed after three semesters. Like many other émigré economists, he first went to Great Britain (Hagemann 2007), where he became an honorary lecturer in economics and political philosophy at the University of Manchester. In summer 1940 he moved further to New York where the Graduate Faculty of the New School had been founded as the “University in Exile” by Alvin Johnson, and Emil Lederer became the founding dean in 1933.1 Thus, in contrast to Colm, Lowe, as well as his lifelong friend Marschak (both were supervisors of Franco Modigliani’s New School PhD thesis) and Neisser were not members of the Mayflower generation.
我第一次访问美国是在 1980 年 9 月,当时我在纽约新社会研究学院(New School for Social Research)学习了两周。主要原因是与阿道夫-洛威(1893-1995 年)的首次个人会面,自 1977 年春我在基尔大学获得经济学博士学位以来,我一直与他保持着密切联系。自 1926 年 4 月以来,洛维在基尔世界经济研究所建立了一个新的部门,研究商业周期和国际统计经济学,该部门很快就获得了国际声誉(Hagemann 2021)。该小组包括格哈德-科尔姆、汉斯-奈瑟、弗里茨(弗兰克)-布尔查特等杰出的经济学家,还有瓦西里-列昂惕夫和雅各布-马沙克。1933 年纳粹上台后,他们都没有留在德国。罗威于 1931 年 10 月移居法兰克福歌德大学,三个学期后被开除。与其他许多移民经济学家一样,他先去了英国(Hagemann,2007 年),成为曼彻斯特大学经济学和政治哲学的荣誉讲师。1940 年夏,他又来到纽约,那里的新学院研究生院是阿尔文-约翰逊(Alvin Johnson)创办的 "流亡大学",埃米尔-莱德勒(Emil Lederer)于 1933 年成为创始院长。1 因此,与科尔姆相反,洛威以及他的毕生好友马沙克(两人都是弗朗哥-莫迪利亚尼新学院博士论文的导师)和尼瑟都不是 "五月花 "一代的成员。
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引用次数: 0
Mark Solovey and Christian Dayé, Cold War Social Science: Transnational Entanglements (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), pp. 400, CHF 153.50 (hardcover). ISBN: 9783030702458. 马克-索洛维和克里斯蒂安-达耶,《冷战社会科学》:跨国纠葛》(Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2021 年),第 400 页,153.50 瑞士法郎(精装)。ISBN: 9783030702458.
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000615
T. Stapleford
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引用次数: 0
Mark Solovey and Christian Dayé, Cold War Social Science: Transnational Entanglements (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), pp. 400, CHF 153.50 (hardcover). ISBN: 9783030702458. 马克-索洛维和克里斯蒂安-达耶,《冷战社会科学》:跨国纠葛》(Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2021 年),第 400 页,153.50 瑞士法郎(精装)。ISBN: 9783030702458.
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000615
T. Stapleford
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引用次数: 0
SMOKE ON THE WATER: HES AT 50 AND THE NON-NEUTRALITY OF HISTORY 水上烟雾:赫斯 50 岁与历史的非中立性
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000445
Harro Maas
Recently, I participated in the thesis defense on an eminently local subject, political economic writing in the eighteenth century in the cantons of Vaud (where I live and teach) and Berne (which at the time had occupied the Canton of Vaud) in Switzerland. I will spare you the details of this 700-pages-thick thesis, with an appendix of another 200 pages, which was not even about political economic writing in all of the Swiss Federation, but only in these two small regions in one of the most beautiful spots of Europe. But I became mesmerized by the profoundness of the political economic thinking of a group of now largely forgotten administrators and members of the Swiss socio-economic elite that grappled with questions of how to position their economic doings against a Europe that was plagued by the early eighteenth-century War of Succession, questions about the economic consequences not of population growth but of population decline, and the consequences of what David Hume has characterized so well as the “Jealousy of Trade” between the emerging European colonial empires. More in particular, these local men of politics and power were concerned with if and how they could preserve the agricultural system of common pastures—that were to figure prominently in Elinor Ostrom’s early studies of the “commons”—or whether they should copy the English model of enclosures that seemed to promise agricultural innovation and economic growth. How would this pan out for the means of existence of the local population? And, of course, what would this mean for their own economic and political interests and standing? All these concerns brought them in conversation with the work of such writers as François Forbonnais, Richard Cantillon, the Physiocrats, and Scottish philosophers such as Hume, James Steuart, and Adam Smith, with some of whom they were also in correspondence. The measures the local elites implemented on the basis of these discussions were consequential for such important issues as land use, manufacture and commerce, and poor relief. Unsurprisingly perhaps, the thesis was supervised by one of Istvan Hont’s students, Béla Kapossy, a professor in the history department of the University of Lausanne.
最近,我参加了一个极具地方特色的课题的论文答辩,这个课题就是十八世纪瑞士沃州(我居住和任教的地方)和伯尔尼州(伯尔尼州当时占据了沃州)的政治经济写作。这篇论文厚达 700 页,还有 200 页的附录,我就不一一赘述了。这篇论文甚至不是关于整个瑞士联邦的政治经济学著作,而只是关于欧洲最美丽的地方之一的这两个小地区。但是,我被这群如今已被人们遗忘的瑞士行政官员和社会经济精英的政治经济学思想所深深吸引,他们一直在努力解决以下问题:如何将自己的经济行为定位在受十八世纪早期王位继承战争困扰的欧洲,人口增长而非人口减少的经济后果,以及大卫-休谟(David Hume)所描述的新兴欧洲殖民帝国之间 "贸易嫉妒 "的后果。更具体地说,这些当地的政治家和权势人物关心的是,他们是否以及如何才能保留共同牧场的农业系统--这在埃莉诺-奥斯特罗姆早期的 "公地 "研究中占有重要地位--或者他们是否应该复制英国的圈地模式,因为英国的圈地模式似乎有望带来农业创新和经济增长。这对当地居民的生存手段会产生怎样的影响?当然,这对他们自身的经济和政治利益及地位又意味着什么?所有这些问题都让他们与弗朗索瓦-福邦纳(François Forbonnais)、理查德-坎蒂永(Richard Cantillon)、物理学家等作家以及休谟、詹姆斯-斯图亚特(James Steuart)和亚当-斯密(Adam Smith)等苏格兰哲学家进行了对话。地方精英在这些讨论的基础上实施的措施对土地使用、制造业和商业以及穷人救济等重要问题产生了影响。伊什特万-洪特的学生贝拉-卡波西(Béla Kapossy)是洛桑大学历史系的一名教授,他对这篇论文的指导也许并不令人意外。
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引用次数: 0
SMOKE ON THE WATER: HES AT 50 AND THE NON-NEUTRALITY OF HISTORY 水上烟雾:赫斯 50 岁与历史的非中立性
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000445
Harro Maas
Recently, I participated in the thesis defense on an eminently local subject, political economic writing in the eighteenth century in the cantons of Vaud (where I live and teach) and Berne (which at the time had occupied the Canton of Vaud) in Switzerland. I will spare you the details of this 700-pages-thick thesis, with an appendix of another 200 pages, which was not even about political economic writing in all of the Swiss Federation, but only in these two small regions in one of the most beautiful spots of Europe. But I became mesmerized by the profoundness of the political economic thinking of a group of now largely forgotten administrators and members of the Swiss socio-economic elite that grappled with questions of how to position their economic doings against a Europe that was plagued by the early eighteenth-century War of Succession, questions about the economic consequences not of population growth but of population decline, and the consequences of what David Hume has characterized so well as the “Jealousy of Trade” between the emerging European colonial empires. More in particular, these local men of politics and power were concerned with if and how they could preserve the agricultural system of common pastures—that were to figure prominently in Elinor Ostrom’s early studies of the “commons”—or whether they should copy the English model of enclosures that seemed to promise agricultural innovation and economic growth. How would this pan out for the means of existence of the local population? And, of course, what would this mean for their own economic and political interests and standing? All these concerns brought them in conversation with the work of such writers as François Forbonnais, Richard Cantillon, the Physiocrats, and Scottish philosophers such as Hume, James Steuart, and Adam Smith, with some of whom they were also in correspondence. The measures the local elites implemented on the basis of these discussions were consequential for such important issues as land use, manufacture and commerce, and poor relief. Unsurprisingly perhaps, the thesis was supervised by one of Istvan Hont’s students, Béla Kapossy, a professor in the history department of the University of Lausanne.
最近,我参加了一个极具地方特色的课题的论文答辩,这个课题就是十八世纪瑞士沃州(我居住和任教的地方)和伯尔尼州(伯尔尼州当时占据了沃州)的政治经济写作。这篇论文厚达 700 页,还有 200 页的附录,我就不一一赘述了。这篇论文甚至不是关于整个瑞士联邦的政治经济学著作,而只是关于欧洲最美丽的地方之一的这两个小地区。但是,我被这群如今已被人们遗忘的瑞士行政官员和社会经济精英的政治经济学思想所深深吸引,他们一直在努力解决以下问题:如何将自己的经济行为定位在受十八世纪早期王位继承战争困扰的欧洲,人口增长而非人口减少的经济后果,以及大卫-休谟(David Hume)所描述的新兴欧洲殖民帝国之间 "贸易嫉妒 "的后果。更具体地说,这些当地的政治家和权势人物关心的是,他们是否以及如何才能保留共同牧场的农业系统--这在埃莉诺-奥斯特罗姆早期的 "公地 "研究中占有重要地位--或者他们是否应该复制英国的圈地模式,因为英国的圈地模式似乎有望带来农业创新和经济增长。这对当地居民的生存手段会产生怎样的影响?当然,这对他们自身的经济和政治利益及地位又意味着什么?所有这些问题都让他们与弗朗索瓦-福邦纳(François Forbonnais)、理查德-坎蒂永(Richard Cantillon)、物理学家等作家以及休谟、詹姆斯-斯图亚特(James Steuart)和亚当-斯密(Adam Smith)等苏格兰哲学家进行了对话。地方精英在这些讨论的基础上实施的措施对土地使用、制造业和商业以及穷人救济等重要问题产生了影响。伊什特万-洪特的学生贝拉-卡波西(Béla Kapossy)是洛桑大学历史系的一名教授,他对这篇论文的指导也许并不令人意外。
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引用次数: 0
THE HES AT FIFTY: IDENTITY CRISIS AND THE NEED FOR PLURALISTIC HISTORIOGRAPHICAL APPROACHES 五十岁的犹豫不决者:身份危机与多元史学方法的必要性
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1053837223000573
Loïc Charles
In what follows, I use stylized facts derived from my own professional career as a member of the History of Economics Society (HES) and the history of economics (HE) community to document and illustrate the changing context of the subdiscipline over the past three decades.1 In the 1990s, the subdiscipline was comprised of a number of national communities. Among the latter the North American community held a dominant position and was quite different from its continental European counterparts, the French and Italian in particular.2 Not only were its academic culture and environment much more competitive but they were also more open to non-disciplinary history of economics.3 Over the past two decades, however, the growing domination of the continental European community has created a new context in which the identity of the North American community in general and that of the HES in particular has become uncertain.
在下文中,我将利用自己作为经济学史学会(HES)和经济学史(HE)团体成员的职业生涯中的典型事实,来记录和说明该分支学科在过去三十年中的变化情况1。2 其学术文化和环境不仅更具竞争性,而且对非学科的经济史也更加开放。3 然而,在过去的二十年里,欧洲大陆社区日益增长的主导地位创造了一个新的环境,使北美社区的总体身份,特别是高等教育史的身份变得不确定。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the History of Economic Thought
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