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Hunting stability improvement for high-speed trains through modification of wheel/rail contact relation 通过改变车轮与轨道的接触关系提高高速列车的狩猎稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241256681
Yaru Liang, Lai Wei, Jing Zeng, Ren Luo, Qunsheng Wang
The hunting stability is an important issue for vehicle systems that determines the maximum operating speeds of the high-speed trains. In this paper, the research background for the three abnormal vibration phenomena of the high-speed trains caused by the hunting stability problems, including the “VIP Chair Shaking,” “Bogie Alarm,” and “Carbody Sway” problems, are introduced. Firstly, the reason why the vehicle hunting motion loses its stability is investigated from the viewpoint of wheel/rail contact relation. Then, a modified wheel profile is recommended in order to solve or relieve the stability problem, in which the slope at the flange root for the original wheel profile is decreased and the slope at the wheel tread end is increased. Furthermore, the numerical model for a high-speed passenger car is established to verify the dynamic performance of the modified wheel profile. Finally, the dynamic test for the vehicle equipped with the modified wheels is carried out using full-scale roller test rig to validate the theoretical analysis. It can be seen from simulations and validation tests that the wheel/rail contact relation and the dynamic performance including the hunting stability and ride comfort for the high-speed vehicle with the modified wheel are improved significantly compared with the original wheel.
猎振稳定性是车辆系统的一个重要问题,它决定了高速列车的最高运行速度。本文介绍了由猎动稳定性问题引起的 "贵宾椅晃动"、"转向架报警 "和 "车体摇摆 "等三种高速列车异常振动现象的研究背景。首先,从车轮与铁轨接触关系的角度研究了车辆打猎运动失去稳定性的原因。然后,为了解决或缓解稳定性问题,提出了修改车轮轮廓的建议,即减小原车轮轮廓凸缘根部的坡度,增大车轮胎面端部的坡度。此外,还建立了高速乘用车的数值模型,以验证改进轮廓的动态性能。最后,使用全尺寸滚轮试验台对安装了改进型车轮的车辆进行了动态试验,以验证理论分析。从仿真和验证试验可以看出,与原车轮相比,采用改进型车轮的高速车辆的车轮/导轨接触关系和动态性能,包括狩猎稳定性和乘坐舒适性,都得到了显著改善。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of modeling methods and mitigation measures for curve squealing 曲线尖叫的建模方法和缓解措施比较
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241258819
Xiaohang Feng, Guangxiong Chen, Q. Song, Bingjie Dong, Wenjuan Ren
Predicting and mitigating curve squealing has always been difficult. This study employed various modeling methods to unify the existing models and establish three finite element models (FEMs) of wheelset–track systems to predict curve squealing. The FEMs of the wheelset–track systems, which incorporated solid fasteners, negative friction–velocity slopes, and multiple wheelsets, were examined using complex eigenvalue analysis to determine their relative capacity to predict curve squeal. The inhibitory effects of damping treatments on curve squeal in both wheels and rails were also studied. The results indicate that, in an improvement on the initial model, the FEMs developed in this study can effectively predict curve squeal with frequencies of 482, 1,205, and 2154 Hz. The wheelset–track system was more likely to produce frictional self-excited vibrations under negative damping and interference from multiple wheelsets, but the impact was small. In addition, the rubber block angle of the resilient wheel was set at 15°. Increasing the damping of the rail vibration absorbers and selecting a continuous–discrete under-rail vibration absorber effectively suppressed the generation of curve squeal.
预测和缓解曲线尖叫一直是个难题。本研究采用了多种建模方法来统一现有模型,并建立了三个轮对轨道系统的有限元模型(FEM)来预测曲线尖叫。轮对轨道系统的有限元模型包含固体紧固件、负摩擦速度斜坡和多个轮对,研究人员使用复特征值分析法对这些模型进行了检验,以确定它们预测曲线尖叫的相对能力。此外,还研究了阻尼处理对车轮和钢轨曲线尖叫的抑制作用。结果表明,与初始模型相比,本研究开发的有限元模型可以有效预测频率为 482、1205 和 2154 Hz 的曲线尖叫。在负阻尼和多个轮对的干扰下,轮对轨道系统更容易产生摩擦自激振动,但影响较小。此外,弹性轮的橡胶块角度设定为 15°。增加轨道减震器的阻尼和选择连续-离散式轨下减震器可有效抑制曲线尖叫的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic analysis and stability of variable length vertical pipe containing fluid using Timoshenko’s beam theory 利用季莫申科梁理论对含有流体的变长垂直管道进行动态分析并确定其稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241256449
Hossein Saeedi Masine, Ali Soleimani, Seyed Ehsan Masalegoo
In this article, the dynamics of pipes containing fluid is investigated according to Timoshenko’s beam theory. The problem’s equations were extracted with the help of Hamilton’s principle, and then their responses were obtained using Galerkin’s numerical approach. The modeling of the vertical pipe containing fluid was done using Timoshenko’s beam theory. It is prominent to mention that the considered vertical pipe containing fluid has variable length. The results of this analysis will be compared with previous researches, which were according to Euler–Bernoulli theory. Also, the gravity effect on the pipe stability will be analyzed. Finally, by examining the impact of rotational inertia and shear deformation separately, it was determined that the effect of shear deformation on the pipes’ dynamic behavior containing fluid will be more than the effect of rotational inertia.
本文根据季莫申科的梁理论研究了含流体管道的动力学。在汉密尔顿原理的帮助下提取了问题方程,然后利用伽勒金数值方法得到了它们的响应。含有流体的垂直管道的建模是利用季莫申科的梁理论完成的。值得一提的是,所考虑的含流体垂直管道的长度是可变的。分析结果将与之前根据欧拉-伯努利理论进行的研究进行比较。此外,还将分析重力对管道稳定性的影响。最后,通过分别研究旋转惯性和剪切变形的影响,确定剪切变形对管道含流体动态行为的影响将大于旋转惯性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Forced vibration of an axially moving free-free beam with internal resonance 具有内部共振的轴向自由移动梁的强制振动
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241251539
Yanhong Wu, Guangcai Han, Gangling Hou, Zhihua Yue
In this paper, the nonlinear governing equations of motion for an axially moving cylindrical shell with free ends which modeled as a free-free beam are established by the generalized Hamilton’s principle for the first time. The Galerkin method and multiple-scale method are adopted to solve the governing equations. Stability of the motion determined by the velocity and axial stiffness is investigated according to the linear equation firstly. Next, multiple-scale approach method is used to investigate the frequency response by adjusting the detuning parameters of the first two natural frequencies considering the internal resonance. Stability of periodic motion is studied through the trajectories of eigenvalues and phase of trajectories with adjusting the detuning parameter. Influences of its velocity and flexible force of the moving beam on the periodic motion and its stability are addressed through bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. Correctness of the presented method for investigating dynamic behavior of the moving beam has been validated through Runge–Kutta numerical calculation. The goal of the research lies in the application of the method in the free-free moving beam and revealing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the beam.
本文首次利用广义汉密尔顿原理建立了轴向运动的带自由端圆柱壳的非线性运动控制方程,该圆柱壳的模型为自由自由梁。采用 Galerkin 方法和多尺度方法求解支配方程。首先根据线性方程研究了由速度和轴向刚度决定的运动稳定性。然后,考虑到内部共振,采用多尺度方法通过调整前两个自然频率的失谐参数来研究频率响应。通过调整失谐参数时的特征值轨迹和轨迹相位,研究了周期运动的稳定性。通过分岔图和 Lyapunov 指数研究了运动梁的速度和柔性力对周期运动及其稳定性的影响。通过 Runge-Kutta 数值计算,验证了所提出的研究动梁动态行为方法的正确性。研究的目标在于将该方法应用于自由移动梁,并揭示梁的非线性动态行为。
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引用次数: 0
Constraint-following adaptive robust control for multi-vehicle system formation with collision avoidance 带碰撞规避功能的多车系统编队的约束跟踪自适应鲁棒控制
Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/10775463231223550
Gang Xiao, Jiawen Li, Qinwen Yang, Longjie Fan, Qin Liao, Jin Huang
For the formation on unstructured road with complex road conditions, the rationality of constraint design and uncertainty compensation seriously affect the connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) system performance. The system constraints are studied for safe and efficient formation driving, and an adaptive robust formation control scheme is proposed. First, for the desired configuration and global collision avoidance, a series of equality and unilateral inequality constraints are designed for inter-vehicle spacing. Second, a constraint handling scheme is proposed based on the diffeomorphism method, adjustable transformation function, and bounded constraint. Third, (possibly fast) time-varying but bounded multi-source uncertainty is considered, and then a self-adjusting leakage-type adaptive law is proposed to estimate the integrated uncertainty bound online. Fourth, the performance measure β is defined to evaluate the constraint-following error, and an adaptive robust control is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation. The results show that the proposed control renders the error to be uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. The CAV system approximately follows the constraints, regardless of the uncertainty.
在路况复杂的非结构化道路上进行编队时,约束设计的合理性和不确定性补偿严重影响互联与自动驾驶汽车(CAV)系统的性能。为实现安全高效的编队行驶,对系统约束条件进行了研究,并提出了一种自适应鲁棒编队控制方案。首先,为实现理想配置和避免全局碰撞,设计了一系列车辆间距的相等和单边不等式约束。其次,提出了一种基于差分法、可调变换函数和有界约束的约束处理方案。第三,考虑了(可能快速)时变但有界的多源不确定性,然后提出了一种自调整泄漏型自适应法则,用于在线估计综合不确定性边界。第四,定义性能指标 β 以评估约束跟踪误差,并提出自适应鲁棒控制。通过仿真验证了所提控制方案的有效性。结果表明,所提出的控制使误差均匀有界且最终均匀有界。无论存在何种不确定性,CAV 系统都能近似地遵循约束条件。
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of multiple shunted piezoelectric transducers with correction for residual modes and shunt interactions 校准多分流压电传感器,校正残余模式和分流相互作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241241838
Jens D Richardt, B. Lossouarn, Jan Høgsberg, J. Deü
Piezoelectric shunt damping can be used for efficient vibration mitigation of a single or multiple vibration modes of a structure. Several analytical tuning expressions have been derived for numerous circuit topologies for a single shunt. However, when multiple shunted piezoelectric transducers are attached to a flexible structure, their individual interactions alongside the spill-over from residual modes affect the calibration accuracy. In this paper, explicit correction terms that represent these effects are presented for multiple shunted piezoelectric transducers targeting a single vibration mode. The correction terms are obtained from the evaluation of effective electromechanical coupling factors, while proper balancing between shunts follows from an assumed proportionality between shunt forces. The proposed correction method is applicable to general shunt architectures, for which tuning is available when targeting a single-degree-of-freedom structure. Its ability to regain nearby optimal damping properties is illustrated numerically for the classic series RL shunt.
压电分流器阻尼可用于有效缓解结构的单个或多个振动模式。针对单个分流器的多种电路拓扑结构,已经推导出多种分析调谐表达式。然而,当多个分流压电传感器连接到柔性结构上时,它们各自的相互作用以及残余模态的溢出效应会影响校准精度。本文针对针对单一振动模式的多个分流压电传感器,提出了表示这些影响的显式修正项。修正项通过评估有效的机电耦合系数获得,而分流器之间的适当平衡则来自于分流器力之间的假定比例。所提出的校正方法适用于一般的分流器结构,在针对单自由度结构时可对其进行调整。该方法能够重新获得附近的最佳阻尼特性,并针对经典的串联 RL 分流器进行了数值说明。
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引用次数: 0
Mittag-Leffler wavelets and their applications for solving fractional optimal control problems Mittag-Leffler 小波及其在解决分数最优控制问题中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241232178
Arezoo Ghasempour, Y. Ordokhani, Sedigheh Sabermahani
Herein, we design a new scheme for finding approximate solutions to fractional optimal control problems (OCPs) with and without delay. In this strategy, we introduce Mittag-Leffler wavelet functions and develop a new Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator for these functions utilizing the hypergeometric function. The properties of the operational matrix have reflected well in the process of the numerical method and affect the accuracy of the proposed method directly. Employing the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator, delay operational matrix, and Galerkin method, the considered problems lead to systems of algebraic equations. An error analysis is proposed. Finally, some illustrative numerical tests are given to show the precision and validity of the suggested technique. The proposed method is very efficient for solving the OCPs with delay and without delay, and gives very accurate results.
在此,我们设计了一种新方案,用于在有延迟和无延迟的情况下找到分数最优控制问题(OCP)的近似解。在这一策略中,我们引入了 Mittag-Leffler 小波函数,并利用超几何函数为这些函数开发了一种新的黎曼-刘维尔分数积分算子。运算矩阵的特性在数值方法的过程中得到了很好的反映,并直接影响到所提方法的精度。利用黎曼-黎奥维尔分数积分算子、延迟运算矩阵和 Galerkin 方法,所考虑的问题会导致代数方程系统。提出了误差分析。最后,给出了一些示例数值测试,以说明所建议技术的精确性和有效性。所提出的方法对于求解有延迟和无延迟的 OCP 都非常有效,并给出了非常精确的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Mittag-Leffler wavelets and their applications for solving fractional optimal control problems Mittag-Leffler 小波及其在解决分数最优控制问题中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241232178
Arezoo Ghasempour, Y. Ordokhani, Sedigheh Sabermahani
Herein, we design a new scheme for finding approximate solutions to fractional optimal control problems (OCPs) with and without delay. In this strategy, we introduce Mittag-Leffler wavelet functions and develop a new Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator for these functions utilizing the hypergeometric function. The properties of the operational matrix have reflected well in the process of the numerical method and affect the accuracy of the proposed method directly. Employing the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator, delay operational matrix, and Galerkin method, the considered problems lead to systems of algebraic equations. An error analysis is proposed. Finally, some illustrative numerical tests are given to show the precision and validity of the suggested technique. The proposed method is very efficient for solving the OCPs with delay and without delay, and gives very accurate results.
在此,我们设计了一种新方案,用于在有延迟和无延迟的情况下找到分数最优控制问题(OCP)的近似解。在这一策略中,我们引入了 Mittag-Leffler 小波函数,并利用超几何函数为这些函数开发了一种新的黎曼-刘维尔分数积分算子。运算矩阵的特性在数值方法的过程中得到了很好的反映,并直接影响到所提方法的精度。利用黎曼-黎奥维尔分数积分算子、延迟运算矩阵和 Galerkin 方法,所考虑的问题会导致代数方程系统。提出了误差分析。最后,给出了一些示例数值测试,以说明所建议技术的精确性和有效性。所提出的方法对于求解有延迟和无延迟的 OCP 都非常有效,并给出了非常精确的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on multi-domain features and whale optimized support vector machine 基于多域特征和鲸鱼优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241231344
Bing Wang, HuiMin Li, Xiong Hu, Wei Wang
Rolling bearing is an important rotating support component in mechanical equipment. It is very prone to wear, defects, and other faults, which directly affect the reliable operation of mechanical equipment. Its running condition monitoring and fault diagnosis have always been a matter of concern to engineers and researchers. A rolling bearing fault diagnosis technique based on multi-domain feature and whale optimization algorithm-support vector machine (MDF-WOA-SVM) is proposed. Firstly, recursive analysis is performed on vibration signal and the recursive features are employed as nonlinear recursive feature vector including recursive rate (RR), deterministic rate (DET), recursive entropy (RE), and diagonal average length (DAL). Then, a comprehensive multi-domain feature vector is constructed by combining three time-domain features including root mean square, variance, and peak to peak. Finally, whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is introduced to optimize the penalty factor C and kernel function parameter g to construct the optimal WOA-SVM model. The rolling bearing datasets of Jiangnan University is employed for instance analysis, and the results show that the 10-CV accuracy of the technique proposed is good with an accuracy of 99%. Compared with recursive features or time-domain features, multi-domain features are more accurate and comprehensive in describing characters of the signal. Some popular supervised learning models are also introduced for comparison including K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and decision tree (DT), and the result shows that the proposed method has a higher accuracy and certain advantages.
滚动轴承是机械设备中重要的旋转支撑部件。它极易出现磨损、缺陷等故障,直接影响机械设备的可靠运行。其运行状态监测和故障诊断一直是工程师和研究人员关注的问题。本文提出了一种基于多域特征和鲸鱼优化算法-支持向量机(MDF-WOA-SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断技术。首先,对振动信号进行递归分析,采用递归特征作为非线性递归特征向量,包括递归率(RR)、确定率(DET)、递归熵(RE)和对角线平均长度(DAL)。然后,结合三个时域特征(包括均方根、方差和峰峰值),构建综合的多域特征向量。最后,引入鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)来优化惩罚因子 C 和核函数参数 g,从而构建最优的 WOA-SVM 模型。采用江南大学的滚动轴承数据集进行实例分析,结果表明所提技术的 10-CV 精度较好,准确率达 99%。与递归特征或时域特征相比,多域特征在描述信号特征方面更加准确和全面。此外,还引入了一些常用的监督学习模型进行比较,包括 K 近邻(KNN)和决策树(DT),结果表明所提出的方法具有更高的准确率和一定的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the influence of joint parameters on nonlinear dynamics of a rotor system 研究关节参数对转子系统非线性动力学的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/10775463241232752
Jin Chen, Kuan Lu, Weidong Zhu, Hui Cheng, Kaifu Zhang, Xiaohui Gu, Chao Fu
Aero-engine rotor system contains a variety of connectors such as bolts and bearings. However, the dynamic behaviors of the connection are complex in actual engineering. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of the rotor-bearing system with bolted joints and the influence of the parameters of the joints on it are clarified. The parameters include the bearing clearance and the deflection caused by the uneven bolt preload. A rotor-bearing model with bolted joints is established by using Lagrange equations. The bifurcation diagram is solved to explore the tendency of vibration of the system at different speeds by considering the Hertz contact force. Furthermore, the phase diagram, Poincaré map, time-domain steady-state response curve, and spectrum diagram are used to discuss the dynamic behaviors of the system specifically. The influence of the bearing clearance change and uneven bolt preload on the dynamic behaviors is investigated by using the bifurcation diagram. The result shows that the motion of the system is extremely complex, which includes chaotic motion. The Lyapunov exponent is then calculated to verify whether the system enters chaos. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing the result in this work with those in the literature. The model can clarify the dynamic behaviors of the system well and has high accuracy, which can provide the theoretical guidance for the design of rotor-bearing systems with bolted joints.
航空发动机转子系统包含各种连接件,如螺栓和轴承。然而,在实际工程中,连接的动态行为十分复杂。本文阐明了带有螺栓连接的转子-轴承系统的动态行为以及连接参数对其的影响。这些参数包括轴承间隙和螺栓预紧力不均匀引起的挠度。利用拉格朗日方程建立了带螺栓连接的转子轴承模型。考虑到赫兹接触力,通过求解分岔图来探索系统在不同速度下的振动趋势。此外,还利用相图、Poincaré 图、时域稳态响应曲线和频谱图来具体讨论系统的动态行为。利用分岔图研究了轴承间隙变化和不均匀螺栓预紧力对动态行为的影响。结果表明,系统的运动极其复杂,其中包括混沌运动。然后通过计算 Lyapunov 指数来验证系统是否进入混沌状态。通过将本研究的结果与文献中的结果进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。该模型能很好地阐明系统的动态行为,具有较高的精度,可为螺栓连接转子轴承系统的设计提供理论指导。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Vibration and Control
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