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On the mechanical behaviour of a coral silt from the South China Sea 论南海珊瑚淤泥的力学行为
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.24.00012
Ting Yao, Ziwei Cao, Wei Li
During land reclamation on the reef islands, large amounts of silt-sized coral soils were created by segregation and degradation. The accumulation of silt-sized coral soils is fairy uncommon while the research on the geotechnical properties of the coral silt is very limited. In this study, a systematic experimental investigation on the mechanical behaviour of coral silt obtained from a reclaimed reef island in the South China Sea has been performed, with comparisons to the coral sand collected from the same area. Similar to the coral sand, the coral silt particles also exhibit irregular particle shape and intra-particle pore due to their nature origin. According to the limiting water contents, the coral silt is classified as a low-plasticity clayey silt. Under one-dimensional compression, the coral silt exhibits a much quicker convergence compared to coral sand. Prior to convergence, the compressibility of coral silt is higher. After yielding, the compressibility of coral sand becomes higher due to significant particle breakage. The loose coral silt subjected to undrained shearing at low confining pressures exhibits obvious strain softening behaviour, indicating static liquefaction or flow failure. The critical state and peak friction angles of coral silt are lower than those of coral sand but much higher than those of the other terrigenous clayey silts. A curved critical state line with well-defined horizontal asymptote in the deviatoric stress - mean effective stress plane is identified for coral silt, again indicating higher potential to static liquefaction.
在珊瑚礁岛屿的填海造地过程中,大量淤泥状珊瑚土因离析和降解而形成。淤泥质珊瑚土的堆积并不罕见,但对珊瑚淤泥岩土特性的研究却非常有限。本研究对从中国南海一个填海珊瑚岛上获得的珊瑚淤泥的力学性能进行了系统的实验研究,并与从同一地区采集的珊瑚砂进行了比较。与珊瑚砂相似,珊瑚淤泥颗粒也因其自然来源而呈现出不规则的颗粒形状和颗粒内孔隙。根据极限含水量,珊瑚淤泥被归类为低塑性粘质淤泥。在一维压缩条件下,珊瑚淤泥的收敛速度比珊瑚砂快很多。在收敛之前,珊瑚淤泥的压缩性较高。收敛后,由于颗粒明显破碎,珊瑚砂的可压缩性变得更高。松散的珊瑚淤泥在低约束压力下受到不排水剪切时会表现出明显的应变软化行为,表明存在静态液化或流动破坏。珊瑚淤泥的临界状态和峰值摩擦角低于珊瑚砂,但远高于其他原生粘质淤泥。珊瑚淤泥的临界状态线呈弯曲状,在偏离应力-平均有效应力平面上有明确的水平渐近线,这再次表明其静态液化的可能性较高。
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引用次数: 0
Bearing performance of a novel caisson-plate gravity anchor 新型沉箱板式重力锚的承载性能
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00451
Shengjie Rui, Lizhong Wang, Zefeng Zhou, H. Jostad, Zhen Guo
To provide a more reliable shared anchor for floating wind farms, a novel caisson-plate gravity anchor (CGA) is proposed. This design merges the benefits of both gravity anchors and suction caissons. Centrifuge model tests adopting only half of each anchor were carried out to study their bearing performance in sand. Additionally, particle image velocimetry (PIV) analyses were performed to monitor anchor movement and soil displacement. As supplementary data, numerical simulations with an advanced hypoplasticity model were also conducted to reveal the anchor capacity mobilisation mechanism. Findings indicate that the novel CGA possesses a significantly higher bearing capacity compared to standalone caisson or plate designs. By adding a plate above the caisson and increasing its weight, the anchor failure modes may shift from forward rotation to translational movement. Additionally, this adjustment may transition the brittle failure to a more reliable ductile failure. This augmented capacity of the CGA stems from the expanded soil mobilisation region and increased soil stress level in front of the caisson. The proposed CGA provides a promising solution for shared anchors in floating wind farms.
为了给浮动风电场提供更可靠的共用锚,我们提出了一种新型沉箱板重力锚(CGA)。这种设计融合了重力锚和吸力沉箱的优点。离心机模型试验只采用了每种锚的一半,以研究它们在沙中的承载性能。此外,还进行了粒子图像测速(PIV)分析,以监测锚杆移动和土壤位移。作为补充数据,还利用先进的低塑性模型进行了数值模拟,以揭示锚杆承载力的调动机制。研究结果表明,与独立的沉箱或平板设计相比,新型 CGA 具有更高的承载能力。通过在沉箱上方添加一块板并增加其重量,锚杆的失效模式可能会从向前旋转转变为平移运动。此外,这种调整还可将脆性破坏转变为更可靠的延性破坏。CGA 的这种增强能力源于沉箱前方土壤移动区域的扩大和土壤应力水平的提高。所提出的 CGA 为浮动风电场中的共用锚提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Two-dimensional experimental assessment of interaction energy-induced suffusion in sand-clay mixtures 二维实验评估砂-粘土混合物中相互作用能引发的窒息现象
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00265
Jongmuk Won, Incheol Joo
Suffusion can be defined as the loss of relatively small soil particles in gap-graded soils without any volume change. This study investigates the susceptibility of interaction energy-induced suffusion in sand-clay mixtures through laboratory-scale two-dimensional flow cell. The filtrated clay during the injection was measured at three outlets to assess the gravity and reattachment effects as a function of clay type (kaolinite, illite, and bentonite) and sand grain size. It was found that the settling of detached clay particles and the reattachment effect during their transport through the sand medium is a strong function of the swelling potential of clay and the size ratio between sand and clay. In addition, observed particle size distributions of clay at the outlet demonstrated that the relatively small and large clay particles are susceptible to suffusion for non-swelling and swelling clay respectively. The comparison of total filtrated clay between two-dimensional flow cell and the typical soil-column experiments (one-dimensional flow) revealed a high chance of underestimating suffusion using soil-column experiments to assess the suffusion of sand-clay mixtures.
渗流可定义为间隙分级土壤中相对较小的土壤颗粒在没有任何体积变化的情况下流失。本研究通过实验室规模的二维流动池,研究了砂-粘土混合物中相互作用能诱发窒息的敏感性。在三个出口测量了注入过程中被过滤的粘土,以评估重力和再附着效应与粘土类型(高岭石、伊利石和膨润土)和砂粒度的函数关系。研究发现,分离的粘土颗粒在砂介质中的沉降和输送过程中的再附着效应与粘土的膨胀势以及砂和粘土的粒度比密切相关。此外,出口处观察到的粘土粒度分布表明,相对较小和较大的粘土颗粒分别容易受到非膨胀和膨胀粘土的挤压。通过比较二维流动池和典型土柱实验(一维流动)的滤出粘土总量,发现用土柱实验来评估砂-粘土混合物的淤积情况很有可能被低估。
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引用次数: 0
Predictive abilities of constitutive models for clay under monotonic and cyclic loading: element tests and centrifuge experiments 单调和循环加载下粘土构成模型的预测能力:元素测试和离心机实验
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00268
Merita Tafili, Patrick Staubach, Jan Machaček, Hauke Zachert, Torsten Wichtmann
A critical investigation of three constitutive models for clay by means of analyses of a sophisticated laboratory testing program and of centrifuge tests on monopiles in clay subjected to (cyclic) lateral loading is presented. Constitutive models of varying complexity, namely the basic Modified Cam Clay model, the hypoplastic model with Intergranular Strain (known as Clay hypoplasticity model) and the more recently proposed anisotropic visco-ISA model, are considered. From the simulations of the centrifuge tests with monotonic loading it is concluded that all three constitutive models give satisfactory results if a proper calibration of constitutive model parameters and proper initialisation of state variables is ensured. In the case of cyclic loading, the AVISA model is found to perform superior to the hypoplastic model with Intergranular Strain.
通过分析复杂的实验室测试程序和对承受(循环)横向荷载的粘土单桩进行的离心试验,对粘土的三种构造模型进行了批判性研究。本文考虑了不同复杂程度的构成模型,即基本的修正卡姆粘土模型、具有晶间应变的低塑性模型(称为粘土低塑性模型)以及最近提出的各向异性粘-ISA 模型。通过对单调加载离心机试验的模拟,可以得出结论:如果能确保对构成模型参数进行适当的校准,并对状态变量进行适当的初始化,那么这三种构成模型都能给出令人满意的结果。在循环加载的情况下,AVISA 模型的性能优于具有晶间应变的低塑性模型。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing tunnel kinematic constraints into an elastic continuum formulation of tunnel-soil-pipeline interaction 在隧道-土壤-管道相互作用的弹性连续体公式中引入隧道运动学约束条件
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.24.00023
A. Klar, A. Franza, M. Zhou, H. W. Huang
This paper presents a new formulation of the problem of tunnelling effects on pipelines, which incorporates the tunnel kinematic constraints in the tunnel-soil-pipeline interaction analysis. This ‘constrained continuum formulation’ can be considered an extension of the original ‘two-stage’ elastic-continuum method, which traditionally neglects the mutual influence of the pipeline on the tunnel and vice versa. The new approach retains the advantage of using the greenfield condition as an input, but it allows closed-form consideration of the stiffening effect of the tunnel on the soil domain. The paper details the formulation and, then, provides an investigation into the effect of varying fixities: namely, both as ‘wished-in-place’ tunnels and as evolving, advancing constraints, with the tunnel “construction”. Normalised solutions are presented and compared with the previous formulation. In general, the addition of tunnel constraints leads to a stiffer soil action and, thus, higher bending stressing in the pipeline: modelling of the tunnel kinematic constraint is conservative. The question of when such analysis is desired is discussed, concluding with a simple-to-use inequality suitable for design.
本文介绍了隧道工程对管道影响问题的一种新表述方法,该方法在隧道-土壤-管道相互作用分析中加入了隧道运动学约束。这种 "约束连续体公式 "可视为原始 "两阶段 "弹性连续体方法的延伸,该方法传统上忽略了管道对隧道的相互影响,反之亦然。新方法保留了将绿地条件作为输入的优点,但允许以闭合形式考虑隧道对土域的加固效应。本文详细介绍了这一方法,并对不同固定性的影响进行了研究:即既有 "现浇 "隧道,也有随隧道 "施工 "而变化的、不断推进的约束条件。本文提出了规范化解决方案,并与之前的方案进行了比较。一般来说,隧道约束的增加会导致土壤作用更加坚硬,从而增加管道的弯曲应力:隧道运动约束的建模是保守的。讨论了何时需要进行此类分析的问题,最后提出了适合设计的简单易用的不等式。
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引用次数: 0
Aquathermal effect of anomalous pressure generation in consolidating minefill 固结矿床异常压力产生的水热效应
Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00410
G. D. Lu, A. P. S. Selvadurai, M. Meguid
Recycling cement-amended tailings into subsurface cavities has delivered competitive socioeconomic revenue for underground mining. However, recent instances of anomalous thermal pressure in consolidating backfill have raised growing concerns over the current design philosophy. This study demonstrates that the excellent hydraulic sealing and considerable chemical energy inherent in cemented backfill can spontaneously generate substantial thermal pressurization through constrained pore-fluid expansion. An analytical solution is hence developed for characterizing the non-isothermal behaviour of hydrating backfill based on classical thermo-poroelasticity. The influence of preparation condition and mix design on the pressure evolution in time domain and during spontaneous heat generation is then thoroughly examined, successfully pinpointing the causal mechanism responsible for typical thermal pressure anomalies. It is demonstrated that the anomalous pressure is attributable to both the conservative binder usage, which increases the intrinsic heat load, and the elevated initial temperature, which promotes water volume expansion. The fundamental influence of temperature-sensitive water expansivity on the path dependence of thermal pressurization is also elucidated. This study thus contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the thermally correlated pressure anomalies that frequently occur in field operations. These critical findings would also hold practical implications for designing successful backfill solutions in challenging mine environments.
将经水泥拌和的尾矿回收利用到地下矿洞中,为地下采矿带来了有竞争力的社会经济收入。然而,最近在固结回填中出现的异常热压现象,使人们对当前的设计理念越来越担忧。本研究表明,固结回填土固有的出色水力密封性和可观的化学能可通过受限孔隙流体膨胀自发产生大量热压。因此,基于经典的热弹性,开发了一种分析解决方案,用于描述水化回填土的非等温行为。然后深入研究了制备条件和混合设计对时域和自发热过程中压力演变的影响,成功地找出了典型热压异常的成因机制。结果表明,异常压力可归因于增加固有热负荷的保守粘结剂用量和促进水体积膨胀的较高初始温度。此外,还阐明了对温度敏感的水膨胀性对热加压路径依赖性的根本影响。因此,这项研究有助于全面了解野外作业中经常出现的热相关压力异常。这些重要发现还将对在具有挑战性的矿山环境中设计成功的回填解决方案产生实际影响。
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引用次数: 0
Small-strain shear modulus and liquefaction resistance of calcareous sand with non-plastic fines 含非塑性细粒的钙质砂的小应变剪切模量和抗液化性能
Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00199
Jian Hu, Yang Xiao, Jinquan Shi, A. Stuedlein, T. M. Evans
Incorporation of nonplastic fines can dramatically affect the liquefaction resistance and stiffness of sands. This study aims to evaluate the influence of nonplastic fines on the liquefaction resistance and small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand under cyclic loading. Forty-seven sets of undrained cyclic triaxial tests and companion bender element tests are conducted on reconstituted specimens. The cyclic behavior of clean sand and silty sand with varying fines content is examined with respect to the global void ratio, relative density, and granular skeleton void ratio. The findings demonstrate that the microscopic contacts between coarse and fine grains have a significant impact on the macroscopic behavior of sand-fines mixtures. The experimental findings are evaluated using the equivalent granular skeleton void ratio, which has been recognized as a suitable parameter to describe the overall effect of fines. The findings on calcareous sand with fines are supplemented and compared with published data in accordance with the semiempirical simplified approach for liquefaction triggering based on shear wave velocity.
非弹性细粒的加入会极大地影响砂的抗液化性和刚度。本研究旨在评估非弹性细粒对循环加载下钙质砂抗液化性和小应变剪切模量的影响。对重组试样进行了 47 组无排水循环三轴试验和配套的弯管元件试验。针对整体空隙率、相对密度和颗粒骨架空隙率,研究了不同细粒含量的洁净砂和淤泥砂的循环行为。研究结果表明,粗粒和细粒之间的微观接触对砂-细粒混合物的宏观行为有重大影响。实验结果使用等效粒状骨架空隙率进行评估,该参数被认为是描述细粒整体影响的合适参数。根据基于剪切波速度的液化触发半经验简化方法,对含细粒钙质砂的研究结果进行了补充,并与已公布的数据进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the micro-to-macro response of granular soils with real particle shapes via μCT-aided DEM analyses 通过 μCT 辅助 DEM 分析探索具有真实颗粒形状的粒状土的微观到宏观响应
Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.23.00162
Yang Li, M. Otsubo, Vasileios Angelidakis, R. Kuwano, S. Nadimi
This contribution provides high fidelity images of real granular materials with the aid of X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT), and employs a multi-sphere representation to reconstruct non-spherical particles. Through the discrete element method (DEM) simulations on granular samples composed of these non-spherical clumps, the effect of particle shape on the macroscopic mechanical response and microscopic soil fabric evolution is examined for soil assemblies under triaxial compression. Simulation results indicate that materials with more irregular particles tend to show higher shear resistance in both peak and critical states, while exhibiting higher void ratio under isotropic loading conditions and in the critical state. The proposed critical state parameters for describing the sensitivity of the mean coordination number to confining pressures are larger as particles become more irregular. At a microscopic level of observation, directional and scalar parameters of particle contacts are sensitive to predefined particle asperities. More irregular materials appear to exhibit higher fabric anisotropy regarding particle orientation in the critical state, while branch vector is affected by both contact modes and particle shape. The critical stress ratio from the simulation results is validated by comparing with experimental results, and further found to be linearly linked to the shape-weighted fabric anisotropy indices.
这篇论文借助 X 射线显微计算机断层扫描 (μCT),提供了真实颗粒材料的高保真图像,并采用多球体表示法重建非球形颗粒。通过对由这些非球形团块组成的颗粒样本进行离散元法(DEM)模拟,研究了颗粒形状对三轴向压缩下土壤组合的宏观力学响应和微观土壤结构演变的影响。模拟结果表明,含有更多不规则颗粒的材料在峰值和临界状态下往往表现出更高的抗剪性,同时在各向同性加载条件下和临界状态下表现出更高的空隙率。随着颗粒变得越来越不规则,用于描述平均配位数对约束压力敏感性的临界状态参数也越来越大。在微观观察层面上,颗粒接触的方向和标量参数对预定义的颗粒尖角很敏感。在临界状态下,更不规则的材料似乎在颗粒方向上表现出更高的结构各向异性,而分支矢量则同时受到接触模式和颗粒形状的影响。模拟结果中的临界应力比通过与实验结果的比较得到了验证,并进一步发现它与形状加权织物各向异性指数呈线性关系。
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引用次数: 0
Discussion on lateral load response of large-diameter monopiles in sand 关于沙土中大直径单桩横向荷载响应的讨论
Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.24.00990
Qian Hu, Fei Han, M. Prezzi, R. Salgado, Minghua Zhao, H. Wang, B. M. Lehane, M. F. Bransby, A. Askarinejad, L. Z. Wang
{"title":"Discussion on lateral load response of large-diameter monopiles in sand","authors":"Qian Hu, Fei Han, M. Prezzi, R. Salgado, Minghua Zhao, H. Wang, B. M. Lehane, M. F. Bransby, A. Askarinejad, L. Z. Wang","doi":"10.1680/jgeot.24.00990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.24.00990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508398,"journal":{"name":"Géotechnique","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discussion on ‘Pore changes in an illitic clay during one-dimensional compression’ 关于 "伊利特质粘土在一维压缩过程中的孔隙变化 "的讨论
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.24.00991
Yanhao Zheng, B. Baudet, Pierre Delage, Jean-Michel Pereira, P. Sammonds, Prithvendra Singh, D. N. Singh
{"title":"Discussion on ‘Pore changes in an illitic clay during one-dimensional compression’","authors":"Yanhao Zheng, B. Baudet, Pierre Delage, Jean-Michel Pereira, P. Sammonds, Prithvendra Singh, D. N. Singh","doi":"10.1680/jgeot.24.00991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.24.00991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508398,"journal":{"name":"Géotechnique","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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