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Environmental Facility of Food Products as a Factor of Market Positioning 食品的环保设施是市场定位的一个因素
Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5822
Liudmyla Kozak, Iryna Kostetska, Ivanna Bereziak
The purpose of the article is to analyze the reactions of consumers to the quality characteristics of food products, in particular related to the level of their environmental friendliness, in order to develop proposals for improving the communication programs of manufacturers of these products in Ukraine. The authors describe the reactions of consumers to the qualitative characteristics of food products based on the results of a sociological study. 1269 people participated in the study, including 539 (42.5%) men and 730 (57.5%) women. The distribution of respondents by age is as follows: from 18 to 20 years old - 68 people or 5.4%; from 21 to 30 years old - 367 people or 28.9%; from 31 to 40 years old - 705 people or 55.5%; over 40 years old – 129 people or 10.2%. The age structure of respondents shows that about 90% of respondents belong to generations Y and Z, according to the well-known American classification.  The intensifying competition among food manufacturers in Ukraine requires them to improve their own communication programs and positioning strategies by identifying significant emotional and functional attributes of the specified products. The conducted sociological study of the purchasing behavior of consumers on the food market in Ukraine contributes to the solution of this problem. The authors identified a number of factors influencing the formation of stereotypes of food quality perception. Indicators of environmental friendliness and safety for human health turned out to be the most important attributes in market positioning. The results of the study serve as a methodological basis for improving the communication programs of food manufacturers, contribute to the development of healthy competition among them. The findings of this study can be considered important as a guide for future research.
本文旨在分析消费者对食品质量特性的反应,特别是与食品环保程度有关的反应,从而为改进乌克兰食品制造商的宣传计划提出建议。作者根据社会学研究的结果描述了消费者对食品质量特性的反应。1269 人参与了研究,其中包括 539 名男性(42.5%)和 730 名女性(57.5%)。受访者的年龄分布如下:18 至 20 岁--68 人,占 5.4%;21 至 30 岁--367 人,占 28.9%;31 至 40 岁--705 人,占 55.5%;40 岁以上--129 人,占 10.2%。受访者的年龄结构显示,根据美国著名的分类法,约 90% 的受访者属于 Y 代和 Z 代。 乌克兰食品制造商之间的竞争日趋激烈,这就要求他们通过确定特定产品的重要情感和功能属性来改进自己的宣传计划和定位战略。对乌克兰食品市场消费者购买行为的社会学研究有助于解决这一问题。作者确定了一些影响食品质量观念定型形成的因素。环保性和对人体健康的安全性指标被证明是市场定位中最重要的属性。研究结果为改进食品生产商的传播计划提供了方法论基础,有助于促进食品生产商之间的良性竞争。本研究的结果对今后的研究具有重要的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Freedom that is not Absolute: Ecological Ethics and Human-Nature Relationship in the Qur'an 并非绝对的自由:《古兰经》中的生态伦理与人与自然的关系
Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5821
Muhammad Muhammad, M. Z. Nurul Yaqin, Fakhris Khusnu Reza Mahfud, Fahd Mohana S Alahmadi
This article presents an analysis of ecological ethics in the holy scripture of Islam through the intellectual interpretations of Muslim scholars. The primary focus is on discussing the limitations of human rights in utilizing ecology and the obligation to preserve it according to the perspective of the Qur'an. This discussion is particularly relevant for Indonesia, a country with a majority Muslim population, which is experiencing increasing ecological degradation. The article urges Muslims in Indonesia to refer back to the ecological principles within Islam, avoiding capitalist ideologies that contradict Islamic teachings. The research methodology used is literature analysis, drawing from the texts of the Qur'an and its exegesis, analyzed through thematic and descriptive-analytical interpretative approaches. Two main themes discussed are the limitations of human creativity towards ecology and the relationship between humans and nature. Research findings indicate that the Qur'an explicitly prohibits human behavior that can harm environmental sustainability. Although nature was created to meet human needs, humans are still forbidden to treat the environment carelessly. The Qur'an emphasizes the importance of maintaining ecological balance, forbids isrāf (wastefulness), and warns of punishment in the afterlife for those who damage the environment.
本文通过穆斯林学者的思想阐释,对伊斯兰圣典中的生态伦理进行了分析。主要重点是讨论人权在利用生态方面的局限性,以及根据《古兰经》的观点保护生态的义务。印尼是一个穆斯林人口占多数的国家,其生态环境正日益恶化。文章敦促印尼穆斯林回归伊斯兰教的生态原则,避免违背伊斯兰教义的资本主义意识形态。文章采用的研究方法是文献分析法,从《古兰经》文本及其注释中汲取素材,并通过主题分析法和描述分析解释法进行分析。讨论的两大主题是人类创造力对生态的局限性以及人与自然的关系。研究结果表明,《古兰经》明确禁止人类损害环境可持续性的行为。尽管大自然是为了满足人类的需求而被创造的,但人类仍被禁止粗心大意地对待环境。古兰经》强调维持生态平衡的重要性,禁止浪费,并警告那些破坏环境的人将在来世受到惩罚。
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引用次数: 0
Tackling Environmental Problems from the Root: An Ibuanyidanda Perspective 从根本上解决环境问题:伊布瓦尼达达视角
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5820
Peter Bisong
There are series of reports in the media, books, conferences, symposia, et cetera of the deplorable condition of our natural environment. This crisis afflicting the environment occasioned by increasing human activities has reached the level that, the survival of the human species itself is threatened. Urgent remedies, therefore, need to be sought for. Though, many attempts have been made to remedy the situation, unfortunately environmental crisis continues to deepen, because the root problem (defective mindset) has not yet been fully tackled. This article presents an ethic from Asouzu’s Ibuanyidanda philosophy, which sees realities as missing links and argues that this ethic can guide human actions toward environmental sustainability. What could be garnered from Asouzu’s Ibuanynidanda philosophy is that environmental problems could be traced to defective mindsets that human beings are imbued with. Thus, unlike most other environmental ethical theories that aim at controlling human actions towards the environment, Ibuanyidanda theory believes the present environmental crisis could only be resolved if the root cause (the mind) is tackled. This is because, it is better to tackle the root cause of our negative actions (mind) than to concentrate on the actions themselves. When a change of our present divisive and hegemonic mindset, is thoroughly affected as prescribed by Ibuanyidanda philosophy, environmental sustainability instead of degradation would become the byproduct of our development.
媒体、书籍、会议、专题讨论会等对我们自然环境的悲惨状况进行了一系列报道。由于人类活动日益频繁而造成的环境危机已经到了威胁人类生存的程度。因此,需要寻求紧急补救措施。尽管已经做出了许多尝试来纠正这种状况,但不幸的是,环境危机仍在继续加深,因为根本问题(思维方式的缺陷)尚未完全解决。本文从阿苏祖的伊布阿尼丹达(Ibuanyidanda)哲学中提出了一种伦理观,认为现实是缺失的环节,并认为这种伦理观可以指导人类的行动,实现环境的可持续发展。从阿苏祖的 Ibuanynidanda 哲学中可以得出的结论是,环境问题可以追溯到人类被灌输的有缺陷的思维方式。因此,与其他大多数旨在控制人类对环境的行为的环境伦理理论不同,Ibuanyidanda 理论认为,只有从根源(思想)入手,才能解决目前的环境危机。这是因为,与其专注于行为本身,不如从根本上解决我们的负面行为(思想)。当我们目前的分裂和霸权心态按照伊布瓦尼达哲学的规定发生彻底改变时,环境的可持续性而不是退化将成为我们发展的副产品。
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引用次数: 0
The Problem of Animal Rights in Selected Works by Dorota Probucka 多萝塔-普罗布卡作品选中的动物权利问题
Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5817
Joanna Glensk
This article presents the idea of animal rights as perceived by a Polish philosopher and ethicist, Dorota Probucka. It is divided into three sections that delve into the development and significance of animal rights from the perspectives of both proponents and critics of the idea. The first section provides an overview of the turning points in the history and evolution of animal rights, referring to the main thinkers who had the fundamental impact on their development. The second part defines the concept of animal rights and explains why extending fundamental rights to at least some non-human beings is important from both moral and legal perspectives. The third part compares the arguments of the proponents and opponents of the idea of granting basic rights to animals. The philosophers’ positions presented by Probucka prove that beings capable of suffering, regardless of their intellectual abilities, deserve moral consideration. This stance is supported by numerous arguments from various fields of science, demonstrating the degree of awareness and emotional complexity of animals. These arguments should contribute to the recognition of animal rights within a moral and legal context. The article also emphasizes the need for legal reforms, including the need to introduce formal legal structures, such as the appointment of the so-called Animal Rights Ombudsman, who could represent animals at an institutional level. Considering the growing bioethical and biocentric awareness, the article emphasizes the need to redefine our attitude towards animals. It also postulates the necessity of implementing legal reforms that will make animals full participants of the moral community, which is of key importance for the future of both people and animals on our planet.
本文介绍了波兰哲学家和伦理学家多罗塔-普罗布卡(Dorota Probucka)眼中的动物权利。文章分为三个部分,从动物权利的支持者和批评者的角度,深入探讨了动物权利的发展和意义。第一部分概述了动物权利历史和演变的转折点,提到了对其发展产生根本性影响的主要思想家。第二部分界定了动物权利的概念,并从道德和法律的角度解释了为什么将基本权利扩展到至少某些非人类生命是重要的。第三部分比较了赋予动物基本权利这一观点的支持者和反对者的论点。普罗布巴卡提出的哲学家立场证明,能够遭受痛苦的生命,无论其智力如何,都应得到道德上的考虑。这一立场得到了来自不同科学领域的大量论据的支持,这些论据证明了动物的认知程度和情感复杂性。这些论据应有助于在道德和法律范围内承认动物权利。文章还强调了法律改革的必要性,包括需要引入正式的法律结构,如任命所谓的动物权利监察员,在制度层面上代表动物。考虑到生物伦理和生物中心意识的不断增强,文章强调有必要重新定义我们对动物的态度。文章还认为,有必要进行法律改革,使动物成为道德社会的正式参与者,这对地球上人类和动物的未来都至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Animals and Artificial Intelligence: Nonhumans as Moral Agents? 动物与人工智能:非人类作为道德代理人?
Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5814
Barbora Baďurová
There is a widely debated issue regarding the status and impact of exponentially growing artificial intelligence. The article deals with the problem of the moral agency of animals, and artificial intelligence. The author addresses several criteria for moral agents and tries to find the answer to the question of whether we can treat animals and AI as moral agents. The author uses mostly method of philosophical analysis and comparative method. The author claims that moral agency is not a necessary condition for moral status and doubts the practicality of attributing full moral agency to animals and AI. Moreover, claims that moral agency comes in degrees and different kinds and therefore we have to consider the complex nature of moral agency when dealing with moral actions. For instance, even human moral agents are not all on the same level of development as suggested not just by empirical evidence but also virtue ethics.
关于呈指数增长的人工智能的地位和影响,有一个广受争议的问题。本文探讨了动物和人工智能的道德主体问题。作者探讨了道德主体的几个标准,并试图找到我们能否将动物和人工智能视为道德主体这一问题的答案。作者主要采用哲学分析法和比较法。作者认为,道德能动性并不是道德地位的必要条件,并对赋予动物和人工智能完全道德能动性的实用性表示怀疑。此外,作者还声称道德代理是有程度和种类之分的,因此我们在处理道德行为时必须考虑道德代理的复杂性。例如,正如经验证据和美德伦理学所表明的那样,即使是人类道德主体,其发展水平也不尽相同。
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引用次数: 0
Optimisation of Water-Use in Pulp and Paper Mills: A Streamlined Review of Scientific Journal Publications 优化制浆造纸厂的用水:科学杂志发表的精简评论
Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5813
Felicia Ocklind, Kristin Liback, Lova Lundqvist, Wilma Harge, G. Venkatesh
The water-, and energy footprints of the processes in the pulp and paper industry are sizable enough to warrant investment of money and commitment of time truncate the same. Besides, there is also a nexus between water and energy here, with optimisation of the use of one of these resoruces enabling that of the other too. This streamlined review focuses on journal publications (originating from different parts of the world, and targeted at researchers and decision-makers in the industry) which train the lens on the optimisation of water use in this particular sector of the (forestry) bioeconomy. The synergies and complementarities which exist among different sustainable development goals (SDGs) , promise positive ripple effects, caused by attending to the truncation of the water footprint. The articles, in general, recommend effective in-plant wastewater treatment in combinaton with recirculating the treated effluent, and looking upon the water streams as carriers or bearers of valorisable substances – organics which can yield a host of bio-products in bio-refineries, including bio-energy. Availing of water-pinch analysis as a tool to uncover possibilities of water use in a cascade (depending upon the requirements imposed on the water, by processes downstream in the cascade), has been shown to aid in the optimisation of both water use and energy demand within the plant. One case study, for example, showed that the demand for steam can be decreased by about 4 GJ per ton of output, by recovering the waste heat in the water streams.
纸浆和造纸工业的生产流程对水和能源的影响巨大,因此需要投入资金和时间来解决这一问题。此外,水和能源之间也存在着联系,优化其中一种资源的使用也会促进另一种资源的使用。本综述主要关注期刊论文(来自世界不同地区,针对行业内的研究人员和决策者),将镜头对准(林业)生物经济这一特殊领域的水资源优化利用。不同可持续发展目标(SDGs)之间的协同作用和互补性,有望通过关注水足迹的减少产生积极的涟漪效应。总的来说,这些文章建议对工厂内的废水进行有效处理,同时对处理后的废水进行再循环,并将水流视为有价值物质的载体或承载者,这些有机物可在生物精炼厂中产生大量生物产品,包括生物能源。利用水夹水分析作为一种工具来揭示级联用水的可能性(取决于级联下游工艺对水的要求),已被证明有助于优化工厂内的用水和能源需求。例如,一项案例研究表明,通过回收水流中的余热,每吨产出的蒸汽需求量可减少约 4 千兆焦耳。
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引用次数: 0
Faith, Climate, and Energy Frugality: Unravelling the Nexus in European Perspectives 信仰、气候和能源节俭:从欧洲视角揭示关联性
Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5812
Pablo García-García
This study explores the relationship between religious beliefs, perceptions of climate change, and preferences for energy frugality in Europe using data from the November 2023 European Social Survey across 22 countries. The research reveals a predominant inclination toward median values in addressing climate change, with subtle variations based on levels of religiosity. Lower religiosity tends to be associated with a nuanced attribution of climate change to human activity. There is a complex interplay between religiosity and the perception of personal responsibility in mitigating climate change, indicating some polarisation but an overall increasing sense of accountability. Religious affiliations show distinct attitudes, with Protestants more inclined to attribute climate change to human causes. Roman Catholics are closer to some Protestants, while other Christian denominations exhibit flexibility and common ground with Islam and Judaism. However, it is concluded that demographics and political alignment play a more pivotal role compared to religiosity levels or religious denominations.
本研究利用 2023 年 11 月在 22 个国家进行的欧洲社会调查数据,探讨了欧洲宗教信仰、气候变化观念和能源节俭偏好之间的关系。研究显示,在应对气候变化方面,人们主要倾向于中位数价值观,但宗教信仰的不同会产生微妙的变化。较低的宗教信仰往往与将气候变化细微地归因于人类活动有关。宗教信仰与个人在减缓气候变化方面的责任感之间存在复杂的相互作用,表明存在一些两极分化,但总体上责任感在增强。宗教信仰显示出不同的态度,新教徒更倾向于将气候变化归咎于人类活动。罗马天主教徒与一些新教徒的态度较为接近,而其他基督教派则表现出灵活性以及与伊斯兰教和犹太教的共同点。不过,结论是,与宗教信仰水平或宗教派别相比,人口统计和政治倾向起着更加关键的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Population Consequences of Parent-Offspring Competition: An Individual-Based Model 父母与后代竞争的种群后果:基于个体的模型
Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5811
J. Uchmański
The article compares different versions of individual-based models of single population dynamics with overlapping generations with results of the model of population with non-overlapping generations. In all models, various versions of global competition for common resources and their unequal partitioning between competing individuals are analysed, i.e., when juveniles and adult individuals compete for the same resources, when juveniles and adult individuals use different resources, and a case called mother’s care. The article analyses the relationship between individual variability and population persistence measured by the time of population extinction. Persistence of a population is increased by all forms of competition between individuals not weakened by any environmental factors (e.g. diversification of resources of competing individuals) or factors arising from evolutionary history of the species (e.g. mother’s care) and related in an appropriate way to the mechanism shaping individual variability in the population. Any form of weakening competition leading to decreasing individual variability will adversely affect the persistence of the population. However, differences between versions of the model are not very big.
文章比较了不同版本的基于个体的世代重叠单一种群动态模型和非世代重叠种群模型的结果。在所有模型中,分析了对共同资源的全球竞争及其在竞争个体之间的不平等分配的各种版本,即幼年个体和成年个体竞争相同资源时、幼年个体和成年个体使用不同资源时,以及一种称为母亲照顾的情况。文章分析了个体变异性与以种群灭绝时间衡量的种群持久性之间的关系。种群的持久性会因个体间各种形式的竞争而增强,这些竞争不会因任何环境因素(如竞争个体资源的多样化)或物种进化史中出现的因素(如母亲的照顾)而减弱,并以适当的方式与形成种群个体变异性的机制相关联。任何形式的竞争减弱导致个体变异性降低,都会对种群的持续性产生不利影响。然而,不同版本模型之间的差异并不大。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Hunting Tourism: a Case Study of Slovenia (Prlekija Region) 狩猎旅游分析:斯洛文尼亚(普列基亚地区)案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5807
B. Prevolšek, Timo Roškar, Maja Borlinič Gačnik
The exploration of hunting tourism reveals its multifaceted benefits, encompassing nature preservation and tourism expansion. This study delves into the dynamics and prospective trends within hunting tourism, specifically in Prlekija's administrative unit of Gornja Radgona, Slovenia. It commences with a comprehensive international comparative analysis, followed by insightful semi-structured interviews involving key stakeholders within the destination. Hunting tourism emerges as a pivotal facet of tourism within this locale, exhibiting substantial potential for further growth, particularly in terms of diversification, regional integration, and synergy with other tourism offerings. However, it's imperative to address the adverse impacts of hunting tourism on biodiversity. As a counterbalance, the study underscores the increasing global emphasis on sustainable variants of hunting tourism, such as wildlife photography, fostering a more conscientious approach to animal tourism practices.
对狩猎旅游的探索揭示了其多方面的益处,包括自然保护和旅游业扩张。本研究深入探讨了狩猎旅游的动态和未来趋势,特别是在 Prlekija 的行政单位斯洛文尼亚 Gornja Radgona。研究首先进行了全面的国际比较分析,然后对目的地的主要利益相关者进行了深入的半结构式访谈。狩猎旅游是该地区旅游业的一个重要方面,展现出进一步增长的巨大潜力,尤其是在多样化、区域一体化以及与其他旅游产品的协同作用方面。然而,当务之急是解决狩猎旅游对生物多样性的不利影响。作为一种平衡,本研究强调了全球对狩猎旅游可持续变体的日益重视,如野生动物摄影,从而促进对动物旅游实践采取更认真的态度。
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引用次数: 0
Benefit of Biodiversity – Polemic View of Environmental, Social and Ethical Aspects of Czech Philosophers and Environmentalists 生物多样性的益处--捷克哲学家和环境学家对环境、社会和伦理方面的对立观点
Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.21697/seb.5810
J. Lípa, Ladislav Rozenský, Petr Ondrušák, Josef Dolista
This text will deal with the issue of the benefit of biodiversity in the polemic context of the works of Czech and Central European philosophers and environmentalists with the essential ideas of selected world thinkers and with environmental practice in Central Europe. To validate this thesis, the authors of this work chose an essay dealing with professional monographs and professional articles on this topic, focusing on the continuity of ideas of the authors of the Central European region. For the comparison, forestry was used as an exemplary major field. Based on the article, the premise can be accepted that the benefit of biodiversity appears as a basic assumption, thesis, or paradigm. We need a new definition of life that is not limited to carbon-based organisms. Humankind does not live in harmony with nature but uses its culture to deplete natural resources in the false belief that man is no longer a part of nature. Environmentalists and philosophers agree on the need for a turnaround to save the environment, maintaining, biodiversity, and life on Earth. But the predatory paradigm of culture may appear to be a temporary condition and perhaps even necessary to cope with that turn. The effort to preserve biodiversity is related to the effort to preserve the life of the human species. Popularization, or environmental education, leading to biodiversity preservation and development and sustainability of life on Earth should coincide from above and below. Therefore, it could be stated that biodiversity (not only the macroscopic one) is beneficial to sustain life as we know it now.
本文将从捷克和中欧哲学家和环境学家的作品与部分世界思想家的基本思想以及中欧环境实践的论战角度,探讨生物多样性的益处问题。为了验证这一论点,本著作的作者选择了一篇涉及这一主题的专业专著和专业文章的论文,重点关注中欧地区作者思想的连续性。为了进行比较,将林业作为一个示范性的主要领域。根据这篇文章,可以接受这样一个前提,即生物多样性的益处是作为一个基本假设、论点或范式出现的。我们需要一个新的生命定义,而不仅仅局限于碳基生物。人类没有与自然和谐共处,而是利用自己的文化消耗自然资源,错误地认为人类不再是自然的一部分。环境学家和哲学家们一致认为,为了拯救环境、维护生物多样性和地球上的生命,我们必须做出改变。但是,掠夺性的文化范式似乎只是一种暂时的状况,甚至可能是应对这种转变的必要条件。保护生物多样性的努力与保护人类生命的努力息息相关。通向生物多样性保护和发展以及地球生命可持续发展的普及教育或环境教育,应该从上到下一 致进行。因此,可以说,生物多样性(不仅是宏观的生物多样性)有利于维持我们现在所知的生命。
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引用次数: 0
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Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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