Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124695
Silvia Sarakostova, Diyana Pantileeva, D. Dilkov, Niya Semerdzhieva, M. Chaneva, S. Ivanova, Ventseslava Atanasova, P. Atanasov, Diana Rangelova
Anxiety conditions and disorders are common in the general population, and patients suffering from them often seek the services of emergency departments. Anxiety is a psychopathological symptom that accompanies not only psychiatric conditions, but a wide range of somatic diseases, and a combination of both. The biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosomatic interrelationship and comorbidity are complex and multi-layered. Thus, diagnosing the root cause of anxiety is a clinical challenge. Early, and on time, recognition of an anxiety disorder helps to avoid unnecessary investigations, ensures correct treatment and saves hospital resources. Careful use of medications, psychoeducation and referral to a specialist improves patient outcome with this potentially debilitating disease. In this article, the authors aim to present in a synthesized form the main epidemiological data on the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders, anatomical localization and biochemical mechanisms and relationships in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms, as well as to derive the main guidelines for recognizing and differentiating clinicopathological constellations in somatic conditions in emergency medical practice. Materials and methods. Existing published studies from an international database, related to the subject of the article, have been thoroughly studied. Results. Anxiety symptoms, in particular panic attacks and disorders, are widespread in primary care and occupy a significant part of the work process, especially at times of peak loads, natural disasters and situations of mass traumatism. Conclusions. Timely training and good preparation for recognition and adequate assessment of anxiety conditions in primary and emergency medical care significantly shorten the therapeutic route of patients. They receive competent help on time, and the cost of their treatment is significantly reduced. Discussion. Modern medical science, including psychiatric, offers advanced drug and non-drug methods for the treatment and prevention of anxiety conditions and disorders.
{"title":"Anxiety in the emergency medical practice – its psychiatric and somatic origin, comorbidities, behavior and treatment","authors":"Silvia Sarakostova, Diyana Pantileeva, D. Dilkov, Niya Semerdzhieva, M. Chaneva, S. Ivanova, Ventseslava Atanasova, P. Atanasov, Diana Rangelova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124695","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety conditions and disorders are common in the general population, and patients suffering from them often seek the services of emergency departments. Anxiety is a psychopathological symptom that accompanies not only psychiatric conditions, but a wide range of somatic diseases, and a combination of both. The biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosomatic interrelationship and comorbidity are complex and multi-layered. Thus, diagnosing the root cause of anxiety is a clinical challenge. Early, and on time, recognition of an anxiety disorder helps to avoid unnecessary investigations, ensures correct treatment and saves hospital resources. Careful use of medications, psychoeducation and referral to a specialist improves patient outcome with this potentially debilitating disease.\u0000 In this article, the authors aim to present in a synthesized form the main epidemiological data on the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders, anatomical localization and biochemical mechanisms and relationships in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms, as well as to derive the main guidelines for recognizing and differentiating clinicopathological constellations in somatic conditions in emergency medical practice.\u0000 Materials and methods. Existing published studies from an international database, related to the subject of the article, have been thoroughly studied.\u0000 Results. Anxiety symptoms, in particular panic attacks and disorders, are widespread in primary care and occupy a significant part of the work process, especially at times of peak loads, natural disasters and situations of mass traumatism.\u0000 Conclusions. Timely training and good preparation for recognition and adequate assessment of anxiety conditions in primary and emergency medical care significantly shorten the therapeutic route of patients. They receive competent help on time, and the cost of their treatment is significantly reduced.\u0000 Discussion. Modern medical science, including psychiatric, offers advanced drug and non-drug methods for the treatment and prevention of anxiety conditions and disorders.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"57 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123277
Duyen Thi My Huynh, Linh My Le, Lam Thanh Nguyen, Trung Ho Nhan Nguyen, Minh Hoang Nguyen, Khang Tran Vinh Nguyen, Khanh Quoc Tran, Trung Le Quoc Tran, Minh-Ngoc Thi Le, H. Mai
Mangiferin is a xanthonoid found in Mango leaves in abundance with many effects as a hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, plant metabolite, and so on. However, nowadays, mango leaves are merely a waste product in Vietnam. To take advantage of this valuable medicinal resource, extraction conditions of mangiferin using classical and ultrasound methods were researched, and mangiferin was purified from Cat Chu mango leaves (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) collected in Dong Thap. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method was conducted with the following conditions and mangiferin was extracted at a percentage of 6.728% with a purity of 91.11%. Purified mangiferin was evaluated using molecular absorption spectroscopy UV-Vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA: TGA/DSC), and dissolution measurement method. To optimize the solubility and permeability of mangiferin, the solid dispersion system (HPTR) was made by the combination of HPMC 6M:mangiferin at the ratio of 1:5. To investigate the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and hypolipidemia effect of HPTR as compared to purified mangiferin, we followed guidelines for preclinical and clinical trials of Traditional Medicine and Herbal Medicines by the Vietnam Ministry of Health and OECD, and used tyloxapol (Triton WR1339, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce hyperlipidemia. Our results indicated that purified mangiferin and HPTR extract showed no acute toxicity and sub-chronic toxicity and has potential as an antihyperlipidemic agent. The HPTR brought about a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c when compared to mangiferin, however there was no significance between them.
{"title":"Investigation of acute, sub-chronic toxicity, effects of mangiferin and mangiferin solid dispersion (HPTR) on Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemia on Swiss albino mice","authors":"Duyen Thi My Huynh, Linh My Le, Lam Thanh Nguyen, Trung Ho Nhan Nguyen, Minh Hoang Nguyen, Khang Tran Vinh Nguyen, Khanh Quoc Tran, Trung Le Quoc Tran, Minh-Ngoc Thi Le, H. Mai","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123277","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mangiferin is a xanthonoid found in Mango leaves in abundance with many effects as a hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, plant metabolite, and so on. However, nowadays, mango leaves are merely a waste product in Vietnam. To take advantage of this valuable medicinal resource, extraction conditions of mangiferin using classical and ultrasound methods were researched, and mangiferin was purified from Cat Chu mango leaves (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) collected in Dong Thap. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method was conducted with the following conditions and mangiferin was extracted at a percentage of 6.728% with a purity of 91.11%. Purified mangiferin was evaluated using molecular absorption spectroscopy UV-Vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA: TGA/DSC), and dissolution measurement method. To optimize the solubility and permeability of mangiferin, the solid dispersion system (HPTR) was made by the combination of HPMC 6M:mangiferin at the ratio of 1:5. To investigate the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and hypolipidemia effect of HPTR as compared to purified mangiferin, we followed guidelines for preclinical and clinical trials of Traditional Medicine and Herbal Medicines by the Vietnam Ministry of Health and OECD, and used tyloxapol (Triton WR1339, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce hyperlipidemia. Our results indicated that purified mangiferin and HPTR extract showed no acute toxicity and sub-chronic toxicity and has potential as an antihyperlipidemic agent. The HPTR brought about a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c when compared to mangiferin, however there was no significance between them.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120072
Nusaiba Al-Nemrawi, Rowaida Altawabeyeh, Ruba S. Darweesh, Soraya Alnabulsi
Background: Loading Methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic agent, in a nanocarrier can improve its efficacy and lower its side effects. Both PLGA and chitosan were used to formulate Methotrexate nanoparticles. Folate acts as a targeting ligand for anticancer medications. Therefore, folate, chitosan, and PLGA were used to deliver methotrexate. Methods: Folic acid and Chitosan (FA-CS) were conjugated and used to coat Methotrexate-PLGA nanoparticles. The conjugate and the nanoparticles were characterized using Zetasizer to test particle size, polydispersity and charge, SEM was used to test particles’ morphology. Both %EE and %LC of MTX in the NPs were measured. Finally, MTX release and the system cytotoxicity were tested in vitro. Results: FTIR, NMR, and XRD proved the successful formation of FA-CS, and the formation of the coated nanoparticles. The particles were spherical with a size ~385 nm, a disparity ~0.27, and a charge ~+15 mV. The %EE and the % LC were 79% and 21.2%, respectively. In vitro release studies revealed nearly complete MTX release after 48 h. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the formulation components are safe and that the incorporation of MTX within the nanoparticles enhanced the drug’s cytotoxic effect in comparison to the free drug. Conclusion: loading of MTX in the NPs enhances its chemotherapeutic effect, hence, this system can be used to target carcinogenic cells.
{"title":"Coating methotrexate-PLGA nanoparticles with folic acid-chitosan conjugate for cancer targeting","authors":"Nusaiba Al-Nemrawi, Rowaida Altawabeyeh, Ruba S. Darweesh, Soraya Alnabulsi","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Loading Methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic agent, in a nanocarrier can improve its efficacy and lower its side effects. Both PLGA and chitosan were used to formulate Methotrexate nanoparticles. Folate acts as a targeting ligand for anticancer medications. Therefore, folate, chitosan, and PLGA were used to deliver methotrexate.\u0000 Methods: Folic acid and Chitosan (FA-CS) were conjugated and used to coat Methotrexate-PLGA nanoparticles. The conjugate and the nanoparticles were characterized using Zetasizer to test particle size, polydispersity and charge, SEM was used to test particles’ morphology. Both %EE and %LC of MTX in the NPs were measured. Finally, MTX release and the system cytotoxicity were tested in vitro.\u0000 Results: FTIR, NMR, and XRD proved the successful formation of FA-CS, and the formation of the coated nanoparticles. The particles were spherical with a size ~385 nm, a disparity ~0.27, and a charge ~+15 mV. The %EE and the % LC were 79% and 21.2%, respectively. In vitro release studies revealed nearly complete MTX release after 48 h. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the formulation components are safe and that the incorporation of MTX within the nanoparticles enhanced the drug’s cytotoxic effect in comparison to the free drug.\u0000 Conclusion: loading of MTX in the NPs enhances its chemotherapeutic effect, hence, this system can be used to target carcinogenic cells.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120315
Angel T. Alvarado, H. Chávez, Jorge A. García, María R. Bendezú, Felipe Surco-Laos, Aura Molina-Cabrera, Doris Laos-Anchante, Nelly Vega-Ramos, Juan J. Palomino-Jhong, Paulina Eliades Yarasca-Carlos, B. Loja-Herrera, Mario Pineda-Pérez, Mario Bolarte-Arteaga
Heliotropium arborescens (Galán de Mera et al. 2022) is a herbaceous plant that contains various biophenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial property and antioxidant activity that could prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, TFC was expressed in mg quercetin/g sample (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity by three in vitro methods; determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The values obtained from the TPC were 306.80±0.05 mg GAE/g, TFC 111.53±0.25 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity: DPPH IC50 37.55±0.04 µL and 65.64±0.10 µL, at 0.47 and 0.93 mg/mL extract, respectively; ABTS 0.20±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.41 mg/mL extract) and 0.47±0.01 (0.82 mg/mL extract); FRAP 0.24±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.94 mg/mL extract) and 0.46±0.02 mM TEAC/g (1.88 mg/mL extract). Correlation relationship TFC/DPPH (r=0.9994; R2 0.9989), TFC/ABTS (r = 0.9572; R2 0.9998) and TFC/FRAP (r = 09933; R2 0.9868). Calcium 1.22±0.04, copper 0.77±0.05, magnesium 851.7±3.06 and zinc 20.63±1.19 mg/100 g were found in all cases. Antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) > 400 μg/mL. It is concluded that the total biophenolic components and metals of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of H. arborescens L. show potential antioxidant activity, and moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Graphical abstract:
{"title":"Biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru","authors":"Angel T. Alvarado, H. Chávez, Jorge A. García, María R. Bendezú, Felipe Surco-Laos, Aura Molina-Cabrera, Doris Laos-Anchante, Nelly Vega-Ramos, Juan J. Palomino-Jhong, Paulina Eliades Yarasca-Carlos, B. Loja-Herrera, Mario Pineda-Pérez, Mario Bolarte-Arteaga","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120315","url":null,"abstract":"Heliotropium arborescens (Galán de Mera et al. 2022) is a herbaceous plant that contains various biophenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial property and antioxidant activity that could prevent diseases caused by free radicals. The objective was to study the biophenolic compounds and metal ions associated with the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Heliotropium arborescens L. leaves from the Andean region of Ayacucho-Peru. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, TFC was expressed in mg quercetin/g sample (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity by three in vitro methods; determination of metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. The values obtained from the TPC were 306.80±0.05 mg GAE/g, TFC 111.53±0.25 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity: DPPH IC50 37.55±0.04 µL and 65.64±0.10 µL, at 0.47 and 0.93 mg/mL extract, respectively; ABTS 0.20±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.41 mg/mL extract) and 0.47±0.01 (0.82 mg/mL extract); FRAP 0.24±0.01 mM TEAC/g (0.94 mg/mL extract) and 0.46±0.02 mM TEAC/g (1.88 mg/mL extract). Correlation relationship TFC/DPPH (r=0.9994; R2 0.9989), TFC/ABTS (r = 0.9572; R2 0.9998) and TFC/FRAP (r = 09933; R2 0.9868). Calcium 1.22±0.04, copper 0.77±0.05, magnesium 851.7±3.06 and zinc 20.63±1.19 mg/100 g were found in all cases. Antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) > 400 μg/mL. It is concluded that the total biophenolic components and metals of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of H. arborescens L. show potential antioxidant activity, and moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.\u0000 Graphical abstract:\u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113509
Jorge Anibal Schlottke, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Ezequiel Leandro Bertiche, Rocío Belén López, Carla Vanesa Torletti, Facundo Yamil del Hoyo, Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Christian R. Mejia, Mercedes Rojas-Osorio, Neal M. Davies, Jaime A. Yáñez
We performed an analytical, cross-sectional study of 285 consumers to assess the influence of social influence, resistance to use, facilitators to use, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of telemedicine on the intention to use telemedicine of citizens of Argentina in times of the pandemic by COVID-19. The proposed research model was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Perceived ease of use had a positive effect (0.624) on perceived usefulness; facilitating conditions had a positive effect (0.476) on usage intention; perceived risk (-0.062) and social influence (0.072) did not have an effect on usage intention. Bootstrapping showed that the beta coefficients were statistically significant. The outcomes may provide ideas to healthcare managers to know what an expectation about telemedicine is and develop new services directed to patients.
{"title":"Acceptance factors of telemedicine in times of COVID-19: Case Argentina","authors":"Jorge Anibal Schlottke, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Ezequiel Leandro Bertiche, Rocío Belén López, Carla Vanesa Torletti, Facundo Yamil del Hoyo, Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Christian R. Mejia, Mercedes Rojas-Osorio, Neal M. Davies, Jaime A. Yáñez","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e113509","url":null,"abstract":"We performed an analytical, cross-sectional study of 285 consumers to assess the influence of social influence, resistance to use, facilitators to use, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of telemedicine on the intention to use telemedicine of citizens of Argentina in times of the pandemic by COVID-19. The proposed research model was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Perceived ease of use had a positive effect (0.624) on perceived usefulness; facilitating conditions had a positive effect (0.476) on usage intention; perceived risk (-0.062) and social influence (0.072) did not have an effect on usage intention. Bootstrapping showed that the beta coefficients were statistically significant. The outcomes may provide ideas to healthcare managers to know what an expectation about telemedicine is and develop new services directed to patients.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"89 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122414
Atanas Toshev, Elina S Petkova-Gueorguieva, A. Mihaylova, H. Lebanova, Svetoslav Stoev, Stefan Balkanski, Lily Peikova, Svetlana Syarova, V. Madzharov, S. Gueorguiev
The presented article provides a systematic review of the pharmaceutical legislation (EU Pharmaceutical Package) – the current proposal of the European Commission for a new Directive, repealing and replacing Directives and modifying Regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council, incorporating the relevant parts of the Regulation concerning medicinal products for pediatrics, Regulation for orphan drugs and others, aiming at revision of the pharmaceutical legislation in the context of antimicrobial resistance and challenges facing the introduction of innovative antimicrobial medicines in Europe. It outlines a critical analysis on the impact of the changes in the context of introduction of innovative antimicrobial medicinal products with an emphasis on unsatisfied medical demands of the European population. The revision of the pharmaceutical legislation provides an argument to consider that the proposed Pharmaceutical Package could resolve some of the issues associated with the access to novel antibiotic medicines. It is necessary to find a consensus and a balance between, on the one hand, meeting the need for antibiotics for the citizens of the European Union and, on the other hand, providing timely access to generic medicines to meet the needs of the population.
{"title":"Revision of pharmaceutical legislation in the context of antimicrobial resistance and challenges facing the introduction of innovative antimicrobial medical products in Europe","authors":"Atanas Toshev, Elina S Petkova-Gueorguieva, A. Mihaylova, H. Lebanova, Svetoslav Stoev, Stefan Balkanski, Lily Peikova, Svetlana Syarova, V. Madzharov, S. Gueorguiev","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122414","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article provides a systematic review of the pharmaceutical legislation (EU Pharmaceutical Package) – the current proposal of the European Commission for a new Directive, repealing and replacing Directives and modifying Regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council, incorporating the relevant parts of the Regulation concerning medicinal products for pediatrics, Regulation for orphan drugs and others, aiming at revision of the pharmaceutical legislation in the context of antimicrobial resistance and challenges facing the introduction of innovative antimicrobial medicines in Europe. It outlines a critical analysis on the impact of the changes in the context of introduction of innovative antimicrobial medicinal products with an emphasis on unsatisfied medical demands of the European population. The revision of the pharmaceutical legislation provides an argument to consider that the proposed Pharmaceutical Package could resolve some of the issues associated with the access to novel antibiotic medicines. It is necessary to find a consensus and a balance between, on the one hand, meeting the need for antibiotics for the citizens of the European Union and, on the other hand, providing timely access to generic medicines to meet the needs of the population.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"100 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116794
A. Pramono, William Ben Gunawan, F. Nurkolis, Darmawan Alisaputra, Gilbert Ansell Limen, Muhammad Subhan Alfaqih, Martha Ardiaria
Obesity, a global issue, is linked to cardiometabolic syndrome. Dietary modification is one of the recommended modes for managing cardiometabolic syndrome. Strawberries, a functional food, and kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, have gained attention for their health benefits. This study investigated the bioactive components of strawberry kombucha drink (SKD) and their effects on antioxidant activities and improving metabolic disorder markers. An in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of SKD on enzymatic parameters: lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. In addition, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and quantification of the radical scavenging activity were also measured. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic profiling of SKD and molecular docking simulation were conducted. The findings suggest that SKD, rich in secondary metabolites, can inhibit lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. It demonstrated in vitro anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties, potentially reducing metabolic and inflammatory issues. Thus, SKD could be a therapeutic beverage to alter metabolic issues associated with obesity. Nevertheless, further preclinical study is warranted to determine SKD’s potential in vivo.
{"title":"Free radical scavenging, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of metabolites from strawberry kombucha: Molecular docking and in vitro studies","authors":"A. Pramono, William Ben Gunawan, F. Nurkolis, Darmawan Alisaputra, Gilbert Ansell Limen, Muhammad Subhan Alfaqih, Martha Ardiaria","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116794","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, a global issue, is linked to cardiometabolic syndrome. Dietary modification is one of the recommended modes for managing cardiometabolic syndrome. Strawberries, a functional food, and kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, have gained attention for their health benefits.\u0000 This study investigated the bioactive components of strawberry kombucha drink (SKD) and their effects on antioxidant activities and improving metabolic disorder markers.\u0000 An in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of SKD on enzymatic parameters: lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. In addition, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and quantification of the radical scavenging activity were also measured. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic profiling of SKD and molecular docking simulation were conducted.\u0000 The findings suggest that SKD, rich in secondary metabolites, can inhibit lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase activities. It demonstrated in vitro anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties, potentially reducing metabolic and inflammatory issues.\u0000 Thus, SKD could be a therapeutic beverage to alter metabolic issues associated with obesity. Nevertheless, further preclinical study is warranted to determine SKD’s potential in vivo.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"41 S190","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122471
Yetti Anggraini, S. Soetrisno, B. Wasita, R. Cilmiaty
Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant health problem in pregnancy, affecting 6–7% of all gestations and leading to fetal growth retardation, infant morbidity and mortality, premature birth, and maternal death. Currently, effective treatment options for PE are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of olive leaf extract (OLE) and nifedipine, alone and in combination, in improving pregnancy outcomes in rats induced with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Rats were treated with single and combination treatments of nifedipine and OLE for four weeks, after being induced with L-NAME for six weeks. Following gestational day assessment and systolic blood pressure testing, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), proteinuria and Creatinine (SCr) Levels examinations. The results revealed the combination of nifedipine and OLE significantly improved the results of several biomarker analyses associated with PE, including increased NGAL levels, a significant decrease in MDA levels, decrease in proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels. The combination nifedipine and OLE treatment also exhibited a significant antihypertensive effect compared to either nifedipine or OLE monotherapy, as evidenced by the reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. This study provides novel evidence for the potential of olive leaf extract as a nutraceutical adjunct for the prevention and treatment of PE. The significant improvements observed in several pathological features associated with PE, including antihypertensive effects, warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and exploring the clinical applicability of olive leaf extract in human populations with PE.
子痫前期（PE）是妊娠期的一个重要健康问题，影响到 6%-7% 的妊娠，导致胎儿发育迟缓、婴儿发病率和死亡率、早产和产妇死亡。目前，针对 PE 的有效治疗方案十分有限。本研究旨在评估橄榄叶提取物（OLE）和硝苯地平单独或联合使用对ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐（L-NAME）诱导的大鼠改善妊娠结局的治疗潜力。在用 L-NAME 诱导大鼠妊娠六周后，对大鼠进行为期四周的硝苯地平和 OLE 单药和联合治疗。在进行妊娠日评估和收缩压测试后，大鼠被处死，并采集血样进行中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂联素（NGAL）、丙二醛（MDA）、蛋白尿和肌酐（SCr）水平检查。结果显示，联合使用硝苯地平和 OLE 能明显改善与 PE 相关的几项生物标志物分析结果，包括 NGAL 水平升高、MDA 水平明显降低、蛋白尿减少和肌酐水平升高。与硝苯地平或 OLE 单药治疗相比，硝苯地平和 OLE 联合治疗也具有显著的降压效果，收缩压和舒张压水平的降低就证明了这一点。这项研究为橄榄叶提取物作为预防和治疗 PE 的营养保健辅助药物的潜力提供了新的证据。在与 PE 相关的几个病理特征方面观察到的明显改善，包括降压作用，值得进一步研究。未来的研究应侧重于阐明其潜在的作用机制，并探索橄榄叶提取物在患有 PE 的人群中的临床适用性。
{"title":"Effects of olive leaf extract and nifedipine, alone and in combination, on blood pressure, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels in an Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced rat model of preeclampsia","authors":"Yetti Anggraini, S. Soetrisno, B. Wasita, R. Cilmiaty","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122471","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant health problem in pregnancy, affecting 6–7% of all gestations and leading to fetal growth retardation, infant morbidity and mortality, premature birth, and maternal death. Currently, effective treatment options for PE are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of olive leaf extract (OLE) and nifedipine, alone and in combination, in improving pregnancy outcomes in rats induced with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Rats were treated with single and combination treatments of nifedipine and OLE for four weeks, after being induced with L-NAME for six weeks. Following gestational day assessment and systolic blood pressure testing, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), proteinuria and Creatinine (SCr) Levels examinations. The results revealed the combination of nifedipine and OLE significantly improved the results of several biomarker analyses associated with PE, including increased NGAL levels, a significant decrease in MDA levels, decrease in proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels. The combination nifedipine and OLE treatment also exhibited a significant antihypertensive effect compared to either nifedipine or OLE monotherapy, as evidenced by the reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. This study provides novel evidence for the potential of olive leaf extract as a nutraceutical adjunct for the prevention and treatment of PE. The significant improvements observed in several pathological features associated with PE, including antihypertensive effects, warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and exploring the clinical applicability of olive leaf extract in human populations with PE.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120686
Irina Vaneva, Ibryam Ibryam, Rumyana Kuzmanova
Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are being widely used in neurological practice. These are being prescribed as standard treatment not only of epilepsy, but also in various non-epileptic conditions, such as psychic illnesses and chronic pain. The main issue for women with epilepsy and their doctors during the AED administration is child and mother’s safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Anti-epileptic treatment during these periods could have an unfavourable impact on the frequency of mother’s seizures and child’s psychomotor development. Breastfeeding-related risks during the AED administration remain theoretical, bearing in mind the insufficient data from the limited previously undertaken research. In view of the established benefits from breastfeeding for babies’ long-term health in the general population, breastfeeding is to be promoted, with discretion on whether this should be balanced, individual, with monitoring of AED concentration in mother’s milk and mother and breastfed child’s serum.
{"title":"Intake of anticonvulsant drugs by women with epilepsy during pregnancy and breastfeeding: advantages and disadvantages","authors":"Irina Vaneva, Ibryam Ibryam, Rumyana Kuzmanova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120686","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are being widely used in neurological practice. These are being prescribed as standard treatment not only of epilepsy, but also in various non-epileptic conditions, such as psychic illnesses and chronic pain.\u0000 The main issue for women with epilepsy and their doctors during the AED administration is child and mother’s safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Anti-epileptic treatment during these periods could have an unfavourable impact on the frequency of mother’s seizures and child’s psychomotor development. Breastfeeding-related risks during the AED administration remain theoretical, bearing in mind the insufficient data from the limited previously undertaken research. In view of the established benefits from breastfeeding for babies’ long-term health in the general population, breastfeeding is to be promoted, with discretion on whether this should be balanced, individual, with monitoring of AED concentration in mother’s milk and mother and breastfed child’s serum.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"113 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823
Reem A. Issa, Mahmoud Abu Samak, Manal M. Abbas, Talal Al-Qaisi, Razan Obeidat, Bayan Y. Ghanim, NA Qinna
The necessity of maintaining healthy habits, diet and minimal medical complications is challenging. The current study investigates Equisetum ramosissimum on levels of leptin, ghrelin, and their ratio in association with body weight changes in animals receiving standard and high-fat diet. Ethanolic extract was prepared by maceration and total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin-cicalto and AlCl3 methods. Study animals were fed with either standard or high-fat diets prior treatment with E. ramosissimum extract (500mg/kg). Body weights were monitored and serum concentrations of leptin, ghrelin and their ratios were determined. The plant extract comprised total phenols and flavonoids of 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/mg as Gallic acid, and 0.04 ± 0.03 mg/mg as quercetin, respectively. Findings revealed significant decrease in body weights of standard-diet animals and restoration of weight to normal after treatment with extract along with significant increase in serum ghrelin concentrations with strong correlation R and R2 values in respect to body weight. As well, significant reduction in serum leptin/ghrelin ratio was positively correlated with body weight and serum leptin levels. E. ramosissimum extract possessed promising characteristics on being introduced in dietary supplements and weight control regimens. The current study presented the influence of extract in decreasing body weight in animals fed with standard diet. Moreover, it restored the weights of obese animals which received the extract after gaining weight and being on high-fat diet. Further preclinical studies are warranted to reveal the translational potentials of E. ramosissimum extract and its vital effect on adipokines.
保持健康的生活习惯和饮食习惯，并将医疗并发症降至最低是一项具有挑战性的工作。本研究探讨了马钱子对标准饮食和高脂饮食动物瘦素、胃泌素水平及其比率与体重变化的影响。浸渍法制备乙醇提取物，采用 Folin-cicalto 和 AlCl3 方法测定总酚和类黄酮含量。研究动物在接受雷公藤提取物（500 毫克/千克）处理之前，均以标准或高脂肪饮食喂养。对体重进行监测，并测定血清中瘦素、胃泌素的浓度及其比率。植物提取物的总酚和类黄酮含量分别为 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/mg （没食子酸）和 0.04 ± 0.03 mg/mg （槲皮素）。研究结果表明，标准饮食动物的体重明显下降，使用萃取物处理后体重恢复正常，同时血清胃泌素浓度明显升高，与体重的 R 和 R2 值密切相关。此外，血清瘦素/胃泌素比值明显降低，与体重和血清瘦素水平呈正相关。在膳食补充剂和体重控制方案中引入 E. ramosissimum 提取物具有很好的前景。目前的研究表明，萃取物对降低以标准饮食喂养的动物的体重有影响。此外，肥胖动物在体重增加和摄入高脂肪饮食后摄入提取物，其体重也得到了恢复。为了揭示 E. ramosissimum 提取物的转化潜力及其对脂肪因子的重要影响，有必要开展进一步的临床前研究。
{"title":"Effect of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. on body weight and Leptin/Ghrelin in standard and high-fat diet","authors":"Reem A. Issa, Mahmoud Abu Samak, Manal M. Abbas, Talal Al-Qaisi, Razan Obeidat, Bayan Y. Ghanim, NA Qinna","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of maintaining healthy habits, diet and minimal medical complications is challenging. The current study investigates Equisetum ramosissimum on levels of leptin, ghrelin, and their ratio in association with body weight changes in animals receiving standard and high-fat diet. Ethanolic extract was prepared by maceration and total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin-cicalto and AlCl3 methods. Study animals were fed with either standard or high-fat diets prior treatment with E. ramosissimum extract (500mg/kg). Body weights were monitored and serum concentrations of leptin, ghrelin and their ratios were determined. The plant extract comprised total phenols and flavonoids of 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/mg as Gallic acid, and 0.04 ± 0.03 mg/mg as quercetin, respectively. Findings revealed significant decrease in body weights of standard-diet animals and restoration of weight to normal after treatment with extract along with significant increase in serum ghrelin concentrations with strong correlation R and R2 values in respect to body weight. As well, significant reduction in serum leptin/ghrelin ratio was positively correlated with body weight and serum leptin levels. E. ramosissimum extract possessed promising characteristics on being introduced in dietary supplements and weight control regimens. The current study presented the influence of extract in decreasing body weight in animals fed with standard diet. Moreover, it restored the weights of obese animals which received the extract after gaining weight and being on high-fat diet. Further preclinical studies are warranted to reveal the translational potentials of E. ramosissimum extract and its vital effect on adipokines.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"114 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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