Huiming Chen, Huandong Wang, Qingyue Long, Depeng Jin, Yong Li
Federated learning (FL) is a promising technique for resolving the rising privacy and security concerns. Its main ingredient is to cooperatively learn the model among the distributed clients without uploading any sensitive data. In this paper, we conducted a thorough review of the related works, following the development context and deeply mining the key technologies behind FL from the perspectives of theory and application. Specifically, we first classify the existing works in FL architecture based on the network topology of FL systems with detailed analysis and summarization. Next, we abstract the current application problems, summarize the general techniques and frame the application problems into the general paradigm of FL base models. Moreover, we provide our proposed solutions for model training via FL. We have summarized and analyzed the existing FedOpt algorithms, and deeply revealed the algorithmic development principles of many first-order algorithms in depth, proposing a more generalized algorithm design framework. With the instantiation of these frameworks, FedOpt algorithms can be simply developed. As privacy and security is the fundamental requirement in FL, we provide the existing attack scenarios and the defense methods. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first tier to review the theoretical methodology and propose our strategies since there are very few works surveying the theoretical approaches. Our survey targets motivating the development of high-performance, privacy-preserving, and secure methods to integrate FL into real-world applications.
{"title":"Advancements in Federated Learning: Models, Methods, and Privacy","authors":"Huiming Chen, Huandong Wang, Qingyue Long, Depeng Jin, Yong Li","doi":"10.1145/3664650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Federated learning (FL) is a promising technique for resolving the rising privacy and security concerns. Its main ingredient is to cooperatively learn the model among the distributed clients without uploading any sensitive data. In this paper, we conducted a thorough review of the related works, following the development context and deeply mining the key technologies behind FL from the perspectives of theory and application. Specifically, we first classify the existing works in FL architecture based on the network topology of FL systems with detailed analysis and summarization. Next, we abstract the current application problems, summarize the general techniques and frame the application problems into the general paradigm of FL base models. Moreover, we provide our proposed solutions for model training via FL. We have summarized and analyzed the existing FedOpt algorithms, and deeply revealed the algorithmic development principles of many first-order algorithms in depth, proposing a more generalized algorithm design framework. With the instantiation of these frameworks, FedOpt algorithms can be simply developed. As privacy and security is the fundamental requirement in FL, we provide the existing attack scenarios and the defense methods. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first tier to review the theoretical methodology and propose our strategies since there are very few works surveying the theoretical approaches. Our survey targets motivating the development of high-performance, privacy-preserving, and secure methods to integrate FL into real-world applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals has emerged as a prominent research field, facilitating objective evaluation of diseases like depression and motion detection for heathy people. Starting from the basic concepts of temporal-frequency-spatial features in EEG and the methods for cross-domain feature fusion. This survey then extends the overfitting challenge of EEG single-modal to the problem of heterogeneous modality modeling in multi-modal conditions. It explores issues such as feature selection, sample scarcity, cross-subject emotional transfer, physiological knowledge discovery, multi-modal fusion methods and modality missing. These findings provide clues for researchers to further investigate emotion recognition based on EEG signals.
{"title":"Research Progress of EEG-Based Emotion Recognition: A Survey","authors":"Yiming Wang, Bin Zhang, Lamei Di","doi":"10.1145/3666002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3666002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals has emerged as a prominent research field, facilitating objective evaluation of diseases like depression and motion detection for heathy people. Starting from the basic concepts of temporal-frequency-spatial features in EEG and the methods for cross-domain feature fusion. This survey then extends the overfitting challenge of EEG single-modal to the problem of heterogeneous modality modeling in multi-modal conditions. It explores issues such as feature selection, sample scarcity, cross-subject emotional transfer, physiological knowledge discovery, multi-modal fusion methods and modality missing. These findings provide clues for researchers to further investigate emotion recognition based on EEG signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Tocchetti, Lorenzo Corti, Agathe Balayn, Mireia Yurrita, Philip Lippmann, Marco Brambilla, Jie Yang
Despite the impressive performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, their robustness remains elusive and constitutes a key issue that impedes large-scale adoption. Besides, robustness is interpreted differently across domains and contexts of AI. In this work, we systematically survey recent progress to provide a reconciled terminology of concepts around AI robustness. We introduce three taxonomies to organize and describe the literature both from a fundamental and applied point of view: 1) methods and approaches that address robustness in different phases of the machine learning pipeline; 2) methods improving robustness in specific model architectures, tasks, and systems; and in addition, 3) methodologies and insights around evaluating the robustness of AI systems, particularly the trade-offs with other trustworthiness properties. Finally, we identify and discuss research gaps and opportunities and give an outlook on the field. We highlight the central role of humans in evaluating and enhancing AI robustness, considering the necessary knowledge they can provide, and discuss the need for better understanding practices and developing supportive tools in the future.
{"title":"A.I. Robustness: a Human-Centered Perspective on Technological Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Andrea Tocchetti, Lorenzo Corti, Agathe Balayn, Mireia Yurrita, Philip Lippmann, Marco Brambilla, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1145/3665926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3665926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the impressive performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, their robustness remains elusive and constitutes a key issue that impedes large-scale adoption. Besides, robustness is interpreted differently across domains and contexts of AI. In this work, we systematically survey recent progress to provide a reconciled terminology of concepts around AI robustness. We introduce three taxonomies to organize and describe the literature both from a fundamental and applied point of view: 1) methods and approaches that address robustness in different phases of the machine learning pipeline; 2) methods improving robustness in specific model architectures, tasks, and systems; and in addition, 3) methodologies and insights around evaluating the robustness of AI systems, particularly the trade-offs with other trustworthiness properties. Finally, we identify and discuss research gaps and opportunities and give an outlook on the field. We highlight the central role of humans in evaluating and enhancing AI robustness, considering the necessary knowledge they can provide, and discuss the need for better understanding practices and developing supportive tools in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Image and video synthesis has become a blooming topic in computer vision and machine learning communities along with the developments of deep generative models, due to its great academic and application value. Many researchers have been devoted to synthesizing high-fidelity human images as one of the most commonly seen object categories in daily lives, where a large number of studies are performed based on various models, task settings and applications. Thus, it is necessary to give a comprehensive overview on these variant methods on human image generation. In this paper, we divide human image generation techniques into three paradigms, i.e., data-driven methods, knowledge-guided methods and hybrid methods. For each paradigm, the most representative models and the corresponding variants are presented, where the advantages and characteristics of different methods are summarized in terms of model architectures. Besides, the main public human image datasets and evaluation metrics in the literature are summarized. Furthermore, due to the wide application potentials, the typical downstream usages of synthesized human images are covered. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities of human image generation are discussed to shed light on future research.
{"title":"Human Image Generation: A Comprehensive Survey","authors":"Zhen Jia, Zhang Zhang, Liang Wang, Tieniu Tan","doi":"10.1145/3665869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3665869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Image and video synthesis has become a blooming topic in computer vision and machine learning communities along with the developments of deep generative models, due to its great academic and application value. Many researchers have been devoted to synthesizing high-fidelity human images as one of the most commonly seen object categories in daily lives, where a large number of studies are performed based on various models, task settings and applications. Thus, it is necessary to give a comprehensive overview on these variant methods on human image generation. In this paper, we divide human image generation techniques into three paradigms, i.e., data-driven methods, knowledge-guided methods and hybrid methods. For each paradigm, the most representative models and the corresponding variants are presented, where the advantages and characteristics of different methods are summarized in terms of model architectures. Besides, the main public human image datasets and evaluation metrics in the literature are summarized. Furthermore, due to the wide application potentials, the typical downstream usages of synthesized human images are covered. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities of human image generation are discussed to shed light on future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tristan Bilot, Nour El Madhoun, Khaldoun Al Agha, Anis Zouaoui
Malware detection has become a major concern due to the increasing number and complexity of malware. Traditional detection methods based on signatures and heuristics are used for malware detection, but unfortunately, they suffer from poor generalization to unknown attacks and can be easily circumvented using obfuscation techniques. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) and notably Deep Learning (DL) achieved impressive results in malware detection by learning useful representations from data and have become a solution preferred over traditional methods. Recently, the application of Graph Representation Learning (GRL) techniques on graph-structured data has demonstrated impressive capabilities in malware detection. This success benefits notably from the robust structure of graphs, which are challenging for attackers to alter, and their intrinsic explainability capabilities. In this survey, we provide an in-depth literature review to summarize and unify existing works under the common approaches and architectures. We notably demonstrate that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) reach competitive results in learning robust embeddings from malware represented as expressive graph structures such as Function Call Graphs (FCGs) and Control Flow Graphs (CFGs). This study also discusses the robustness of GRL-based methods to adversarial attacks, contrasts their effectiveness with other ML/DL approaches, and outlines future research for practical deployment.
{"title":"A Survey on Malware Detection with Graph Representation Learning","authors":"Tristan Bilot, Nour El Madhoun, Khaldoun Al Agha, Anis Zouaoui","doi":"10.1145/3664649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malware detection has become a major concern due to the increasing number and complexity of malware. Traditional detection methods based on signatures and heuristics are used for malware detection, but unfortunately, they suffer from poor generalization to unknown attacks and can be easily circumvented using obfuscation techniques. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) and notably Deep Learning (DL) achieved impressive results in malware detection by learning useful representations from data and have become a solution preferred over traditional methods. Recently, the application of Graph Representation Learning (GRL) techniques on graph-structured data has demonstrated impressive capabilities in malware detection. This success benefits notably from the robust structure of graphs, which are challenging for attackers to alter, and their intrinsic explainability capabilities. In this survey, we provide an in-depth literature review to summarize and unify existing works under the common approaches and architectures. We notably demonstrate that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) reach competitive results in learning robust embeddings from malware represented as expressive graph structures such as Function Call Graphs (FCGs) and Control Flow Graphs (CFGs). This study also discusses the robustness of GRL-based methods to adversarial attacks, contrasts their effectiveness with other ML/DL approaches, and outlines future research for practical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rawal, Adrienne Raglin, Danda B. Rawat, Brian M. Sadler, J. McCoy
Causal inference is the idea of cause-and-effect; this fundamental area of sciences can be applied to problem space associated with Newton’s laws or the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. The cause explains the “why” whereas the effect describes the “what”. The domain itself encompasses a plethora of disciplines from statistics and computer science to economics and philosophy. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, have nourished a renewed interest in identifying and estimating the cause-and-effect relationship from the substantial amount of available observational data. This has resulted in various new studies aimed at providing novel methods for identifying and estimating causal inference. We include a detailed taxonomy of causal inference frameworks, methods, and evaluation. An overview of causality for security is also provided. Open challenges are detailed, and approaches for evaluating the robustness of causal inference methods are described. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on such studies of causality. We provide an in-depth review of causality frameworks, and describe the different methods.
{"title":"Causality for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence: Status, Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"A. Rawal, Adrienne Raglin, Danda B. Rawat, Brian M. Sadler, J. McCoy","doi":"10.1145/3665494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3665494","url":null,"abstract":"Causal inference is the idea of cause-and-effect; this fundamental area of sciences can be applied to problem space associated with Newton’s laws or the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. The cause explains the “why” whereas the effect describes the “what”. The domain itself encompasses a plethora of disciplines from statistics and computer science to economics and philosophy. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, have nourished a renewed interest in identifying and estimating the cause-and-effect relationship from the substantial amount of available observational data. This has resulted in various new studies aimed at providing novel methods for identifying and estimating causal inference. We include a detailed taxonomy of causal inference frameworks, methods, and evaluation. An overview of causality for security is also provided. Open challenges are detailed, and approaches for evaluating the robustness of causal inference methods are described. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on such studies of causality. We provide an in-depth review of causality frameworks, and describe the different methods.","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Wan, Zhangqian Bi, Yang He, Jianguo Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Yulei Sui, Guandong Xu, Hai Jin, Philip Yu
Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of computer programming. Currently, there is already a thriving research community focusing on code intelligence, with efforts ranging from software engineering, machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, and programming languages. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on deep learning for code intelligence, from the aspects of code representation learning, deep learning techniques, and application tasks. We also benchmark several state-of-the-art neural models for code intelligence, and provide an open-source toolkit tailored for the rapid prototyping of deep-learning-based code intelligence models. In particular, we inspect the existing code intelligence models under the basis of code representation learning, and provide a comprehensive overview to enhance comprehension of the present state of code intelligence. Furthermore, we publicly release the source code and data resources to provide the community with a ready-to-use benchmark, which can facilitate the evaluation and comparison of existing and future code intelligence models (https://xcodemind.github.io). At last, we also point out several challenging and promising directions for future research.
{"title":"Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkit","authors":"Yao Wan, Zhangqian Bi, Yang He, Jianguo Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Yulei Sui, Guandong Xu, Hai Jin, Philip Yu","doi":"10.1145/3664597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of computer programming. Currently, there is already a thriving research community focusing on code intelligence, with efforts ranging from software engineering, machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, and programming languages. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on deep learning for code intelligence, from the aspects of code representation learning, deep learning techniques, and application tasks. We also benchmark several state-of-the-art neural models for code intelligence, and provide an open-source toolkit tailored for the rapid prototyping of deep-learning-based code intelligence models. In particular, we inspect the existing code intelligence models under the basis of code representation learning, and provide a comprehensive overview to enhance comprehension of the present state of code intelligence. Furthermore, we publicly release the source code and data resources to provide the community with a ready-to-use benchmark, which can facilitate the evaluation and comparison of existing and future code intelligence models (https://xcodemind.github.io). At last, we also point out several challenging and promising directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-tuning is a feature of autonomic databases that includes the problem of automatic schema design. It aims at providing an optimized schema that increases the overall database performance. While in relational databases automatic schema design focuses on the automated design of the physical schema, in NoSQL databases all levels of representation are considered: conceptual, logical, and physical. This is mainly because the latter are mostly schema-less and lack a standard schema design procedure as is the case for SQL databases. In this work, we carry out a systematic literature survey on automatic schema design in both SQL and NoSQL databases. We identify the levels of representation and the methods that are used for the schema design problem, and we present a novel taxonomy to classify and compare different schema design solutions. Our comprehensive analysis demonstrates that, despite substantial progress that has been made, schema design is still a developing field and considerable challenges need to be addressed, notably for NoSQL databases. We highlight the most important findings from the results of our analysis and identify areas for future research work.
{"title":"Self-tuning Database Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Automatic Database Schema Design and Tuning","authors":"M. Mozaffari, Anton Dignös, J. Gamper, U. Störl","doi":"10.1145/3665323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3665323","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Self-tuning is a feature of autonomic databases that includes the problem of automatic schema design. It aims at providing an optimized schema that increases the overall database performance. While in relational databases automatic schema design focuses on the automated design of the physical schema, in NoSQL databases all levels of representation are considered: conceptual, logical, and physical. This is mainly because the latter are mostly schema-less and lack a standard schema design procedure as is the case for SQL databases. In this work, we carry out a systematic literature survey on automatic schema design in both SQL\u0000 and\u0000 NoSQL databases. We identify the levels of representation and the methods that are used for the schema design problem, and we present a novel taxonomy to classify and compare different schema design solutions. Our comprehensive analysis demonstrates that, despite substantial progress that has been made, schema design is still a developing field and considerable challenges need to be addressed, notably for NoSQL databases. We highlight the most important findings from the results of our analysis and identify areas for future research work.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoxiong Ji, Xiaobo Li, Wei Sun, Hang Dong, Ara Taalas, Yijia Zhang, Honghan Wu, Esa Pitkänen, Pekka Marttinen
Automated medical coding, an essential task for healthcare operation and delivery, makes unstructured data manageable by predicting medical codes from clinical documents. Recent advances in deep learning and natural language processing have been widely applied to this task. However, deep learning-based medical coding lacks a unified view of the design of neural network architectures. This review proposes a unified framework to provide a general understanding of the building blocks of medical coding models and summarizes recent advanced models under the proposed framework. Our unified framework decomposes medical coding into four main components, i.e., encoder modules for text feature extraction, mechanisms for building deep encoder architectures, decoder modules for transforming hidden representations into medical codes, and the usage of auxiliary information. Finally, we introduce the benchmarks and real-world usage and discuss key research challenges and future directions.
{"title":"A Unified Review of Deep Learning for Automated Medical Coding","authors":"Shaoxiong Ji, Xiaobo Li, Wei Sun, Hang Dong, Ara Taalas, Yijia Zhang, Honghan Wu, Esa Pitkänen, Pekka Marttinen","doi":"10.1145/3664615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3664615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automated medical coding, an essential task for healthcare operation and delivery, makes unstructured data manageable by predicting medical codes from clinical documents. Recent advances in deep learning and natural language processing have been widely applied to this task. However, deep learning-based medical coding lacks a unified view of the design of neural network architectures. This review proposes a unified framework to provide a general understanding of the building blocks of medical coding models and summarizes recent advanced models under the proposed framework. Our unified framework decomposes medical coding into four main components, i.e., encoder modules for text feature extraction, mechanisms for building deep encoder architectures, decoder modules for transforming hidden representations into medical codes, and the usage of auxiliary information. Finally, we introduce the benchmarks and real-world usage and discuss key research challenges and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metaverse delivered through converged and amalgamated technologies holds promise. No wonder technology heavyweights, large corporates, research organizations and businesses cutting across industry verticals are racing to put in place a metaverse-first strategy. The bets on consumers rapidly migrating from traditional social networks and collaborative applications to more immersive digital experiences have been placed. However, the transition is not expected to be seamless. Privacy, safety and security concerns abound in the early versions of the metaverse. Increased regulatory oversight and diverse national laws threaten to derail the hype around the metaverse. It is increasingly clear that the final iteration of the metaverse will need to assuage the concerns of individual users while addressing complex legal and regulatory requirements. Thus, a multi-perspective approach needs to be adopted to help set the agenda for the evolution of the metaverse. This research paper examines the different aspects and challenges which the future metaverse will need to address. A set of ”first principles” are formulated, which if implemented will lead to the development of an equitable, inclusive, safe and secure metaverse.
{"title":"The First Principles: Setting the Context for a Safe and Secure Metaverse","authors":"Ankur Gupta, Sahil Sawhney, Kashyap Kompella","doi":"10.1145/3665495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3665495","url":null,"abstract":"The metaverse delivered through converged and amalgamated technologies holds promise. No wonder technology heavyweights, large corporates, research organizations and businesses cutting across industry verticals are racing to put in place a metaverse-first strategy. The bets on consumers rapidly migrating from traditional social networks and collaborative applications to more immersive digital experiences have been placed. However, the transition is not expected to be seamless. Privacy, safety and security concerns abound in the early versions of the metaverse. Increased regulatory oversight and diverse national laws threaten to derail the hype around the metaverse. It is increasingly clear that the final iteration of the metaverse will need to assuage the concerns of individual users while addressing complex legal and regulatory requirements. Thus, a multi-perspective approach needs to be adopted to help set the agenda for the evolution of the metaverse. This research paper examines the different aspects and challenges which the future metaverse will need to address. A set of ”first principles” are formulated, which if implemented will lead to the development of an equitable, inclusive, safe and secure metaverse.","PeriodicalId":50926,"journal":{"name":"ACM Computing Surveys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}