Ratmawati Malaka, K. I. Prahesti, M. Mahendradatta, Made Astawan, W. S. Putranto, F. A. Arief, S. N. Waqiah, R. W. Kadir
Background: Dangke-cheese is a traditional product of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, made by coagulating buffalo, cow, goat, or sheep milk, heating and adding papaya latex (Carica papaya). Methods: Dangke-cheese was made from fresh-cow-milk heated at 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100oC for 1 minute and added with papaya-latex 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%. The curd was formed in a coconut-shell template, pressed until compact. Dangke-cheese was evaluated for physicochemical-properties. Result: Dangke-cheese pH increased with increasing temperature, opposite to lactic-acid %. The best Dangke-cheese quality is heated at 75oC with a papaya-latex concentration of 0.5% and contains protein 17.94%, fat 24.295%, lactose 14.12%, pH 5.93 and lactic acid 0.296%.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of Dangke-cheese by Different Temperature Processing and Papaya-latex as Coagulant","authors":"Ratmawati Malaka, K. I. Prahesti, M. Mahendradatta, Made Astawan, W. S. Putranto, F. A. Arief, S. N. Waqiah, R. W. Kadir","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dangke-cheese is a traditional product of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, made by coagulating buffalo, cow, goat, or sheep milk, heating and adding papaya latex (Carica papaya). Methods: Dangke-cheese was made from fresh-cow-milk heated at 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100oC for 1 minute and added with papaya-latex 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%. The curd was formed in a coconut-shell template, pressed until compact. Dangke-cheese was evaluated for physicochemical-properties. Result: Dangke-cheese pH increased with increasing temperature, opposite to lactic-acid %. The best Dangke-cheese quality is heated at 75oC with a papaya-latex concentration of 0.5% and contains protein 17.94%, fat 24.295%, lactose 14.12%, pH 5.93 and lactic acid 0.296%.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"51 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anand B. Mastiholi, B.R. Sathish, T. Allolli, H. P. Maheswarappa, Kulapati Hipparagi, S. M. Prasanna, D. L. Rudresh, Suvarna Patil
Background: Sustainable production of fruit crops with the use of locally available natural resources to reduce dependence on external inputs needs to be addressed with suitable alternatives. Standardization of optimum dose of inputs used in natural farming helps the farmers for profitable cultivation of crops under ecological farming systems. Methods: The field study in 15 year old guava(Psidium guajava L.) orchard was conducted consecutively for three years to optimize the dosage and frequency of jeevamrutha applied at Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Dharwad, Karnataka. There were nine treatment combinations which were compared with three controls and replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out under factorial randomized block design. Result: Higher dosage of jeevamrutha (1000 l/ha) applied at shorter interval (once in 15 days) (D3F1) recorded higher yield, yield parameters, net returns and B:C ratio. However, recommended package of practices (RPP) recorded higher yield, returns and B: C ratio than all other treatments under study. The quality parameters such as TSS, TSS: Acid ratio, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars content were found higher in RPP. However, the values of the quality parameters recorded in D3F1 were found on par with RPP.
{"title":"Yield, Economics and Quality of Guava as Influenced by Varied Levels and Frequency of Application of Jeevamrutha","authors":"Anand B. Mastiholi, B.R. Sathish, T. Allolli, H. P. Maheswarappa, Kulapati Hipparagi, S. M. Prasanna, D. L. Rudresh, Suvarna Patil","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sustainable production of fruit crops with the use of locally available natural resources to reduce dependence on external inputs needs to be addressed with suitable alternatives. Standardization of optimum dose of inputs used in natural farming helps the farmers for profitable cultivation of crops under ecological farming systems. Methods: The field study in 15 year old guava(Psidium guajava L.) orchard was conducted consecutively for three years to optimize the dosage and frequency of jeevamrutha applied at Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Dharwad, Karnataka. There were nine treatment combinations which were compared with three controls and replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out under factorial randomized block design. Result: Higher dosage of jeevamrutha (1000 l/ha) applied at shorter interval (once in 15 days) (D3F1) recorded higher yield, yield parameters, net returns and B:C ratio. However, recommended package of practices (RPP) recorded higher yield, returns and B: C ratio than all other treatments under study. The quality parameters such as TSS, TSS: Acid ratio, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars content were found higher in RPP. However, the values of the quality parameters recorded in D3F1 were found on par with RPP.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Maneerat, C. Saensano, R. Chiarawipa, V. Wongvarodom, P. Teerawattanapong, M. Rueangkhanab
Background: Robusta coffee is a type of cultivated agricultural commodity. It is grown to produce high-quality coffee. The weather conditions have a significant impact on the characteristics of green coffee beans, such as their aroma and taste. As a result, fluctuations in weather conditions can affect the quality of the final product. Methods: This study assessed Robusta coffee beans¢physical properties and defects in southern Thailand. The characteristics of green coffee beans and the weather variations of the southern peninsula were observed. Result: It was found that significantly different proportions of normal, pea berry and defective coffee beans were found across geographical regions. In areas with high rainy days and total rainfall, full black disorder had a higher incidence (16.46%) of defective coffee beans. Additionally, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and surface area of green coffee beans had a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (Tmin) after the 6-to 9-month period of fruit setting. This study indicates that recent weather variations have had a significant impact on the characteristics and quality of Robusta green beans. The improvement of green coffee bean practices to achieve high-quality Robusta beans in response to pre-harvest weather conditions should be further investigated.
{"title":"Impact of Seasonal Weather Variations on Physical Attributes of Robusta Coffee Beans","authors":"E. Maneerat, C. Saensano, R. Chiarawipa, V. Wongvarodom, P. Teerawattanapong, M. Rueangkhanab","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-865","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Robusta coffee is a type of cultivated agricultural commodity. It is grown to produce high-quality coffee. The weather conditions have a significant impact on the characteristics of green coffee beans, such as their aroma and taste. As a result, fluctuations in weather conditions can affect the quality of the final product. Methods: This study assessed Robusta coffee beans¢physical properties and defects in southern Thailand. The characteristics of green coffee beans and the weather variations of the southern peninsula were observed. Result: It was found that significantly different proportions of normal, pea berry and defective coffee beans were found across geographical regions. In areas with high rainy days and total rainfall, full black disorder had a higher incidence (16.46%) of defective coffee beans. Additionally, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and surface area of green coffee beans had a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (Tmin) after the 6-to 9-month period of fruit setting. This study indicates that recent weather variations have had a significant impact on the characteristics and quality of Robusta green beans. The improvement of green coffee bean practices to achieve high-quality Robusta beans in response to pre-harvest weather conditions should be further investigated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"63 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devi Lal Kikraliya, U.N. Shukla, M. Mehriya, Anuj Kumar, K. K. Bijarnia
Background: Integrated application of sorghum extract along with herbicides are viable option for reducing herbicidal dose and their effect in soil and plant. This led to reduce environmental pollution as well as check the growth of weeds in the crop without having detreating effect on crop. Therefore, an integrated approaches involving botanicals conjunctive with herbicide will be the alternatives to reduce post-effects of herbicide. an it is Sorgoleone is the allelochemicals which is present in sorghum and having potential to suppress the growth of weeds at early stage by checking water and nutrient absorption. The basic aim of the study to calibrate the potential of sorghum extract on weed suppression as well as to reduce the quantity of herbicides in wheat crop. Methods: A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on weed dynamics and productivity of wheat in western Rajasthan” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design replicated thrice and comprised of eleven treatments of weed management practices. Result: Sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha as post-emergence was found to be the most effective in controlling weeds which led to significant reduction in weed density and weed dry weight with highest weed control efficiency showed significant superiority over all treatments.
{"title":"Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Weed Dynamics and Productivity of Wheat in Western Rajasthan","authors":"Devi Lal Kikraliya, U.N. Shukla, M. Mehriya, Anuj Kumar, K. K. Bijarnia","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6224","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Integrated application of sorghum extract along with herbicides are viable option for reducing herbicidal dose and their effect in soil and plant. This led to reduce environmental pollution as well as check the growth of weeds in the crop without having detreating effect on crop. Therefore, an integrated approaches involving botanicals conjunctive with herbicide will be the alternatives to reduce post-effects of herbicide. an it is Sorgoleone is the allelochemicals which is present in sorghum and having potential to suppress the growth of weeds at early stage by checking water and nutrient absorption. The basic aim of the study to calibrate the potential of sorghum extract on weed suppression as well as to reduce the quantity of herbicides in wheat crop. Methods: A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on weed dynamics and productivity of wheat in western Rajasthan” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design replicated thrice and comprised of eleven treatments of weed management practices. Result: Sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha as post-emergence was found to be the most effective in controlling weeds which led to significant reduction in weed density and weed dry weight with highest weed control efficiency showed significant superiority over all treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"63 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. J. Reddy, C.P. Chandrashekara, B. Rajyalakshmi, D.P. Biradar, G.R. Rajakumar, P. S. Kanannavar
Background: Soil test crop response (STCR) approach assists in determining the appropriate amount of fertilizer to use for particular season and location based on the initial soil fertility status and crop response in terms of nutrient uptake and yield. A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Dharwad, by adopting the Inductive Cum Targeted Yield Model to develop soil test-based fertilizer prescriptions under STCR and STCR-IPNS approach to achieve desired target yields of maize in vertisols of Northern Karnataka, India. Methods: In the experiment’s first phase, an exhaust crop fodder maize was grown in three different fertility strips. After the harvest of fodder maize, the soil fertility levels varied significantly among the strips, indicating the creation of fertility gradients. In the second phase of the experiment, a test crop (hybrid maize) was grown and the response of maize to four levels of N, P and K and three levels of FYM under different fertility gradients was studied. The basic parameters viz, nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed using the data from test crop experiment. The basic parameters viz, nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed using the data from test crop experiment. Result: Using the basic parameters, fertilizer prescription equations for desired yield targets of maize under NPK fertilizers alone and under STCR-IPNS (with FYM) were derived based on initial soil test values. Results of the validation experiment in kharif 2021 revealed that the grain yield was significantly higher under STCR-IPNS equation with a target yield of 100 q ha-1 as compared to other treatments. STCR-IPNS equation with the application of FYM to achieve 100 q ha-1 target yield resulted in savings of 11, 10 and 15 percent of N, P2O5 and K2O as compared to STCR-NPK alone equation.
{"title":"Development of Soil Test Crop Response (Stcr) and Stcr-Integrated Plant Nutrition Supply (Ipns) Models to Achieve Targeted Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka","authors":"K. J. Reddy, C.P. Chandrashekara, B. Rajyalakshmi, D.P. Biradar, G.R. Rajakumar, P. S. Kanannavar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil test crop response (STCR) approach assists in determining the appropriate amount of fertilizer to use for particular season and location based on the initial soil fertility status and crop response in terms of nutrient uptake and yield. A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Dharwad, by adopting the Inductive Cum Targeted Yield Model to develop soil test-based fertilizer prescriptions under STCR and STCR-IPNS approach to achieve desired target yields of maize in vertisols of Northern Karnataka, India. Methods: In the experiment’s first phase, an exhaust crop fodder maize was grown in three different fertility strips. After the harvest of fodder maize, the soil fertility levels varied significantly among the strips, indicating the creation of fertility gradients. In the second phase of the experiment, a test crop (hybrid maize) was grown and the response of maize to four levels of N, P and K and three levels of FYM under different fertility gradients was studied. The basic parameters viz, nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed using the data from test crop experiment. The basic parameters viz, nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) were computed using the data from test crop experiment. Result: Using the basic parameters, fertilizer prescription equations for desired yield targets of maize under NPK fertilizers alone and under STCR-IPNS (with FYM) were derived based on initial soil test values. Results of the validation experiment in kharif 2021 revealed that the grain yield was significantly higher under STCR-IPNS equation with a target yield of 100 q ha-1 as compared to other treatments. STCR-IPNS equation with the application of FYM to achieve 100 q ha-1 target yield resulted in savings of 11, 10 and 15 percent of N, P2O5 and K2O as compared to STCR-NPK alone equation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Kumari, L. Tzudir, T. Gohain, A. Singh, D. Nongmaithem, Rekha Yadav, N. Kikon, Manoj Dutta
Background: The study on the effect of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) to varying tillage methods and seaweed bio-stimulant application was carried out at the Experimental Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SAS, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland during Kharif season of 2021-2022. Methods: The experiment was laid out in the split-plot design (SPD). The treatment consisted of three tillage practices (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and zero tillage) in the main-plots while sub-plots received two different types of seaweed-sap from species i.e. Kappaphycus alvarezii (K-Sap) and Sargassum wightii (S-Sap) with three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) used for seed treatment followed by foliar spray at three different stages of crop growth. Result: Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the tillage practices and concentration and species of seaweed sap for maximum traits under studied. Growth attributes, yield attributes and yield was found to be significantly higher in CT as compared to MT and ZT at all crop stages. Similarly application of S-Sap upto 10% concentration resulted in significantly higher values as over K-Sap.
{"title":"Response of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) to Varying Tillage Methods and Seaweed Bio-stimulant Application","authors":"Shivani Kumari, L. Tzudir, T. Gohain, A. Singh, D. Nongmaithem, Rekha Yadav, N. Kikon, Manoj Dutta","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study on the effect of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) to varying tillage methods and seaweed bio-stimulant application was carried out at the Experimental Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SAS, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland during Kharif season of 2021-2022. Methods: The experiment was laid out in the split-plot design (SPD). The treatment consisted of three tillage practices (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and zero tillage) in the main-plots while sub-plots received two different types of seaweed-sap from species i.e. Kappaphycus alvarezii (K-Sap) and Sargassum wightii (S-Sap) with three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) used for seed treatment followed by foliar spray at three different stages of crop growth. Result: Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the tillage practices and concentration and species of seaweed sap for maximum traits under studied. Growth attributes, yield attributes and yield was found to be significantly higher in CT as compared to MT and ZT at all crop stages. Similarly application of S-Sap upto 10% concentration resulted in significantly higher values as over K-Sap.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"54 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: An experiment was carried out in the STR Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP, during the Rabi season of 2022-2023 to determine the impact of seed priming time and copper levels on seed germination and vigour characteristics of the coriander seedlings. Method: The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and 12 treatment combinations of Copper levels (0, 300, 400 and 500ppm) and soaking duration (14, 16 and 18 h). Results: The outcomes demonstrated that priming treatments had a noteworthy impact on seedling germination and vigour traits. Significantly higher germination (82%), least mean germination time (7.9 days), maximum germination index (22.83), longest radicle (17.30 cm) and plumule length (13.09 cm), maximum vigour index-I (2374.05 cm) and vigour index-II (12.29 g) and lowest mortality rate (18%) was observed when seeds were primed with Cu @ 500 ppm soaking for 16 h. Success of crop production depends on quality of seeds and it’s germination percentage. Quality of seed susceptible to diverse climatic conditions resulting poor vigour and germination. Since availability of quality seed of coriander is very low, seed priming is an excellent technique which improves germination and better crop stand.
{"title":"Optimizing Seed Priming Duration and Copper Levels for Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Germination and Vigour","authors":"Varsha Verma, Reena Nair, H.K. Rai, R.S. Thakur, Ayushi Budholiya","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6192","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An experiment was carried out in the STR Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, MP, during the Rabi season of 2022-2023 to determine the impact of seed priming time and copper levels on seed germination and vigour characteristics of the coriander seedlings. Method: The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and 12 treatment combinations of Copper levels (0, 300, 400 and 500ppm) and soaking duration (14, 16 and 18 h). Results: The outcomes demonstrated that priming treatments had a noteworthy impact on seedling germination and vigour traits. Significantly higher germination (82%), least mean germination time (7.9 days), maximum germination index (22.83), longest radicle (17.30 cm) and plumule length (13.09 cm), maximum vigour index-I (2374.05 cm) and vigour index-II (12.29 g) and lowest mortality rate (18%) was observed when seeds were primed with Cu @ 500 ppm soaking for 16 h. Success of crop production depends on quality of seeds and it’s germination percentage. Quality of seed susceptible to diverse climatic conditions resulting poor vigour and germination. Since availability of quality seed of coriander is very low, seed priming is an excellent technique which improves germination and better crop stand.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Apple fruit is prone to various diseases that can significantly affect fruit quality. Methods: This paper proposes a novel approach for apple disease detection utilizing PPN-Pixel Pyramid Net, a neural network architecture designed for pixel-level segmentation tasks. The methodology incorporates spatial pyramid pooling techniques to effectively address input images of diverse sizes and aspect ratios. Result: Experimental results showcase the model’s performance metrics across different classes, providing an in-depth analysis of Accuracy, Intersection over unionand Mean BF Score.
{"title":"Enhancing Apple Disease Detection with Pixel Pyramid Net through Pixel-Level Segmentation and Spatial Pyramid Pooling Techniques","authors":"C. R. Devi, S.K. Jayanthi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apple fruit is prone to various diseases that can significantly affect fruit quality. Methods: This paper proposes a novel approach for apple disease detection utilizing PPN-Pixel Pyramid Net, a neural network architecture designed for pixel-level segmentation tasks. The methodology incorporates spatial pyramid pooling techniques to effectively address input images of diverse sizes and aspect ratios. Result: Experimental results showcase the model’s performance metrics across different classes, providing an in-depth analysis of Accuracy, Intersection over unionand Mean BF Score.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The livelihood patterns of indigenous tribal communities residing in the Ghumsur forests are intricately interwoven with their dependence on forest-related activities. However, the degradation of forest ecosystems, particularly the incidence of forest fires, exerts a profound impact on the socio-economic dynamics and resilience of these communities. Consequently, an exigent need arises to comprehensively elucidate, evaluate and comprehend the nuanced characteristics of these areas concerning the complex interplay between forest fires and livelihoods. Methods: A thorough investigation was conducted to evaluate livelihood vulnerability to forest fires in the Ghumsur North Division forests. This assessment utilized the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), incorporating 34 indicators condensed into six factors for a comprehensive composite index. The factors represented various aspects of vulnerability and were based on tangible indicators reflecting the complexity of livelihood vulnerability. Data sources were primarily used, with indicators standardized on a scale from 0 to 1, where values near 1 indicated higher vulnerability. Result: The Gallery sub-region is particularly vulnerable due to factors like poor infrastructure, increased reliance on forests, close proximity to forested areas, socio-economic fragility and exposure to extreme weather events. It’s crucial to improve adaptive capacity in fire-affected regions to reduce vulnerability to forest fires. Tailored policy interventions should focus on sector-specific development programs and involve communities in adaptation planning to address the link between livelihoods and susceptibility to forest fires.
{"title":"Forest Fire Hazards and Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment of Ghumsur Forests in Ganjam District of Odisha","authors":"Sudarshan Behera, Damodar Jena, Nibal Dibiat, Debasish Mohapatra, Abha Mishra, Rajkishore Rout","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6254","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The livelihood patterns of indigenous tribal communities residing in the Ghumsur forests are intricately interwoven with their dependence on forest-related activities. However, the degradation of forest ecosystems, particularly the incidence of forest fires, exerts a profound impact on the socio-economic dynamics and resilience of these communities. Consequently, an exigent need arises to comprehensively elucidate, evaluate and comprehend the nuanced characteristics of these areas concerning the complex interplay between forest fires and livelihoods. Methods: A thorough investigation was conducted to evaluate livelihood vulnerability to forest fires in the Ghumsur North Division forests. This assessment utilized the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), incorporating 34 indicators condensed into six factors for a comprehensive composite index. The factors represented various aspects of vulnerability and were based on tangible indicators reflecting the complexity of livelihood vulnerability. Data sources were primarily used, with indicators standardized on a scale from 0 to 1, where values near 1 indicated higher vulnerability. Result: The Gallery sub-region is particularly vulnerable due to factors like poor infrastructure, increased reliance on forests, close proximity to forested areas, socio-economic fragility and exposure to extreme weather events. It’s crucial to improve adaptive capacity in fire-affected regions to reduce vulnerability to forest fires. Tailored policy interventions should focus on sector-specific development programs and involve communities in adaptation planning to address the link between livelihoods and susceptibility to forest fires.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"139 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In India, mustard, an essential oilseed crop, encounters several challenges including diminished yield and environmental apprehensions. The diligent mix of micronutrients and plant growth regulators indicates the potential for enhancing mustard crop output while retaining environmental sustainability. Manganese and salicylic acid play a vital role in plant metabolism. Methods: The trial was planned with ten treatments with three replications under randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of control, varying concentrations of salicylic acid (75, 150, 300 ppm), varying concentrations of manganese (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mM MnSO4) and combinations of both. Result: The experimental findings indicate the synergistic use of salicylic acid and manganese resulted in enhanced growth dynamics and improved yield potential compared to the separate treatments of manganese and salicylic acid. The exogenous application of 0.5 mM manganese with 150 ppm salicylic acid increased plant height by 10.83%, total dry matter by 49.6%, chlorophyll content by 51.61%, number of siliquae by 81.94%, test weight by 5.8%, grain yield by 41.26% and stover yield by 48.76% over the control. Growth and yield attributes positively correlated with grain and stover yield. Hence the application of both 0.5 mM Mn with 150 ppm SA is feasible for enhancement of Indian mustard productivity.
背景：在印度，芥菜作为一种重要的油籽作物，面临着产量减少和环境问题等诸多挑战。微量营养元素和植物生长调节剂的合理搭配显示了在保持环境可持续性的同时提高芥菜产量的潜力。锰和水杨酸在植物新陈代谢中起着至关重要的作用。试验方法试验采用随机完全区组设计，共设十个处理，三个重复。处理包括对照、不同浓度的水杨酸（75、150、300 ppm）、不同浓度的锰（0.25、0.5、0.75 mM MnSO4）以及两者的组合。结果实验结果表明，与单独使用锰和水杨酸相比，协同使用水杨酸和锰能增强生长动力，提高产量潜力。与对照相比，外源施用 0.5 mM 锰和 150 ppm 水杨酸可使株高增加 10.83%、总干物质增加 49.6%、叶绿素含量增加 51.61%、茎秆数增加 81.94%、试验重量增加 5.8%、谷物产量增加 41.26%、秸秆产量增加 48.76%。生长和产量属性与谷粒和秸秆产量呈正相关。因此，同时施用 0.5 mM Mn 和 150 ppm SA 是提高印度芥菜产量的可行方法。
{"title":"Exemplification of Manganese with Salicylic Acid on Growth, Antioxidants and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)","authors":"Aritra Guin, Santosh Korav, Akshay Kanjibhai Hirani, Biswajyoti Banik","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, mustard, an essential oilseed crop, encounters several challenges including diminished yield and environmental apprehensions. The diligent mix of micronutrients and plant growth regulators indicates the potential for enhancing mustard crop output while retaining environmental sustainability. Manganese and salicylic acid play a vital role in plant metabolism. Methods: The trial was planned with ten treatments with three replications under randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of control, varying concentrations of salicylic acid (75, 150, 300 ppm), varying concentrations of manganese (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mM MnSO4) and combinations of both. Result: The experimental findings indicate the synergistic use of salicylic acid and manganese resulted in enhanced growth dynamics and improved yield potential compared to the separate treatments of manganese and salicylic acid. The exogenous application of 0.5 mM manganese with 150 ppm salicylic acid increased plant height by 10.83%, total dry matter by 49.6%, chlorophyll content by 51.61%, number of siliquae by 81.94%, test weight by 5.8%, grain yield by 41.26% and stover yield by 48.76% over the control. Growth and yield attributes positively correlated with grain and stover yield. Hence the application of both 0.5 mM Mn with 150 ppm SA is feasible for enhancement of Indian mustard productivity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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