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Two new long-pedipalp spiders (Araneae: Pholcochyroceridae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar 缅甸北部克钦琥珀中白垩纪中期出土的两种新的长足瓣蜘蛛(蛛形纲:Pholcochyroceridae
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.6
YAN-MENG Hou, Xiangbo Guo, P. Selden, Lu-Yu Wang, Dong Ren
The spider genera Longissipalpus Wunderlich, 2015 and Pedipalparaneus Wunderlich, 2015 of the extinct family Pholcochyroceridae Wunderlich, 2008, are reported from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber only. Members of both genera exhibit extremely elongated pedipalps. Here, two new species are described: Longissipalpus albistriatus sp. nov. and Pedipalparaneus protumidus sp. nov., both are endemic to Kachin amber. Detailed diagnoses and illustrations are provided, and their potential living habits are also discussed.
据报道,已灭绝的 Pholcochyroceridae Wunderlich Wunderlich, 2008 科的 Longissipalpus Wunderlich, 2015 和 Pedipalparaneus Wunderlich, 2015 属仅产自白垩纪中期的克钦琥珀。这两个属的成员都表现出极度拉长的足瓣。这里描述了两个新物种:Longissipalpus albistriatus sp.本文提供了详细的诊断和插图,并讨论了它们潜在的生活习性。
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引用次数: 0
The first report of fossil of Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in the Mesozoic 首次报告中生代百足目化石(半翅目:异翅目:红蝶科
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.16
PEI-PEI Zhang, Yingqi Liu, Dong Ren, YUN-ZHI Yao
A new genus and species of fossil of Centrocnemidinae, Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from other genera by the humeral angle with a sharp spine and the posterior lateral angle of each connexival tergite with a setigerous spine. Acutiangulus densus is the first fossil record of Centrocnemidinae from Mesozoic and also represents a member of the stem group. Furthermore, the irregular trapezoidal cell situated in the corium’s inner apical is proposed to serve as an adjunctive diagnostic character for Centrocnemidinae.
本研究描述了白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中发现的百足目化石新属、新种 Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen.Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen. et sp. nov.与其他属种的区别在于肱骨角上有一个尖锐的棘刺,每个连接体的后外侧角上有一个刚毛棘刺。Acutiangulus densus是中生代 Centrocnemidinae 的第一个化石记录,也是茎类的一个成员。此外,位于冠状体内侧顶端的不规则梯形细胞被认为是百足虫科的辅助诊断特征。
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引用次数: 0
New genus and species of Yuripopovinidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber 白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中的 Yuripopovinidae(异翅目:五形目)新属和新种
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.13
Rui Dai, S. Du, ZHENG-KUN Hu, Dong Ren, YUN-ZHI Yao
Based on an exquisitely preserved Yuripopovinidae specimen, a new genus and species, Tumpectus triporcatus gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new genus has a unique vein pattern in the forewings, and we discuss the forewing veins features of the Yuripopovinidae. Furthermore, the new genus also has some interesting features that are different from other genera, comparison between the new species and other fossil genera in the Yuripopovinidae is provided.
基于一个保存完好的 Yuripopovinidae 标本,描述了一个新属和新种 Tumpectus triporcatus gen.该新属的前翅有独特的脉纹,我们讨论了 Yuripopovinidae 的前翅脉纹特征。此外,该新属还具有一些不同于其他属的有趣特征,并将该新属与 Yuripopovinidae 中的其他化石属进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Driven apart: fossil parasitic long-legged velvet mite larvae on gall midges represent a long lost parasitic association between mites and dipterans 分道扬镳:寄生在瘿蚊身上的长脚绒螨幼虫化石代表了螨类与双翅目昆虫之间消失已久的寄生关系
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.9
Sofía I. Arce, C. Haug, J. Haug, A. Amaral
Parasites are virtually ubiquitous, and this has probably been the case for quite some time. The record of parasitic mites (sensu lato) goes back as far as the Carboniferous (~359–259 mya) and, in fact, they are one of the most reported parasites in amber. The six-legged larvae of the mite group Parasitengona have a wide host range, among which are flies. Here we report for the first time cases of larval erythraeoidean mites, commonly referred to as long-legged velvet mites, parasitising gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) in about 100 million years old (Cretaceous) Kachin amber, Myanmar. In three of the four cases here reported, a single erythraeoidean mite was attached to a gall midge, while in one of the cases two mites are associated to a gall midge host. Of the reported gall midges, one specimen represents the ingroup Lestremiinae, two represent unnamed lineages closely related to Cecidomyiinae, and one specimen might represent the group Cecidomyiinae, being the earliest record of this group so far. In the extant fauna, there are no records of associations of erythraeoidean larvae with gall midges. After the Cretaceous, long-legged velvet mites may have shifted their host range, although knowledge on the host range of parasitengonan mites is still limited to arrive to definitive conclusion.
寄生虫几乎无处不在,这种情况可能存在已久。关于寄生螨(sensu lato)的记录最早可以追溯到石炭纪(约 359-259 mya),事实上,它们是琥珀中报道最多的寄生虫之一。寄生螨(Parasitengona)类的六足幼虫有广泛的寄主范围,其中包括苍蝇。在这里,我们首次报告了在距今约一亿年(白垩纪)的缅甸克钦琥珀中发现的长脚绒螨寄生于瘿蠓(Cecidomyiidae)的情况。在报告的四个案例中,有三个案例中的瘿蚊寄生在一只红腹锦蝇上,而在其中一个案例中,瘿蚊寄生在两只红腹锦蝇上。在报告的瘿蚊中,一个标本代表了瘿蚊科(Lestremiinae),两个标本代表了与瘿蚊科(Cecidomyiinae)密切相关的未命名品系,还有一个标本可能代表了瘿蚊科(Cecidomyiinae),这也是迄今为止瘿蚊科(Cecidomyiinae)的最早记录。在现存动物群中,没有红腹角雉幼虫与瘿蠓结合的记录。白垩纪之后,长脚绒螨的寄主范围可能发生了转移,但对寄生螨寄主范围的了解仍然有限,无法得出明确的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving incongruences in insect phylogenomics: A reply to Boudinot et al. (2023) 解决昆虫系统发生组学中的不一致问题:回复 Boudinot 等人 (2023)
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.2
Chenyang Cai, Erik Tihelka, D. Pisani, P. Donoghue
Over the last two decades, advances in molecular phylogenetics have established a new understanding of beetle phylogeny. However, some historically contentious relationships, particularly among early-diverging beetle clades, remain to be resolved. In a recent paper (Cai et al., 2022), we identified model-dependent signals in beetle phylogeny and showed how the removal of the most compositionally heterogeneous sites, in combination with the use of across-site compositionally heterogeneous models leads to results that are more congruent with the distribution of morphological characters and the beetle fossil record. In their reply, Boudinot et al. (2023) suggested that our analyses are affected by a range of shortcomings, encompassing almost every aspect of our study. Unfortunately, the arguments presented by Boudinot et al. (2023) are based on misinterpretation of the results of statistical tests, as well as misconceptions concerning substitution models, model testing and its role in phylogenomics. Here we clarify these misconceptions and show that the critiques raised by Boudinot et al. (2023) have no merit.
在过去二十年中,分子系统学的进步使人们对甲虫的系统发育有了新的认识。然而,一些历史上有争议的关系,尤其是早期分化的甲虫支系之间的关系,仍有待解决。在最近的一篇论文(Cai 等,2022 年)中,我们发现了甲虫系统发育中依赖于模型的信号,并展示了如何去除组成异质性最强的位点,结合使用跨位点组成异质性模型,从而得出更符合形态特征分布和甲虫化石记录的结果。Boudinot 等人(2023 年)在回复中指出,我们的分析受到一系列缺陷的影响,几乎涵盖了我们研究的方方面面。遗憾的是,Boudinot 等人(2023 年)提出的论点是基于对统计检验结果的误读,以及对替换模型、模型检验及其在系统发生组学中的作用的误解。在此,我们将澄清这些误解,并说明 Boudinot 等人(2023 年)提出的批评没有任何道理。
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引用次数: 0
A new genus of polistine wasps from the Oligocene of Aix-en-Provence, France (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) 来自法国普罗旺斯地区艾克斯渐新世的一种新的多角蜂属(膜翅目:蜉蝣科)
Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.2.4
Michael S. Engel, Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen, André Nel
Polistine wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) are iconic eusocial wasps found throughout the world, famed for their range of social organization and therefore a favorite subject for sociobiological studies (e.g., Gadagkar, 2001; Piekarski et al., 2018). The subfamily is currently organized into four tribes: the New World Epiponini and Mischocyttarini, the cosmopolitan Polistini, and the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australian Ropalidiini.
Polistine 黄蜂(蝶形目:Polistinae)是遍布全球的标志性社会性黄蜂,以其广泛的社会组织而闻名,因此也是社会生物学研究的热门对象(例如,Gadagkar,2001;Piekarski 等人,2018)。该亚科目前分为四个部落:新大陆的 Epiponini 和 Mischocyttarini、世界性的 Polistini 以及非洲热带、印度洋和澳大利亚的 Ropalidiini。
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引用次数: 0
Supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography, 2023 缅甸琥珀名录和书目补编,2023 年
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.11
Andrew J. Ross
This is a supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography covering taxa described or recorded during 2023, plus a couple of earlier records that were missed previously. Up to the end of 2023, 2,781 species have been recorded from Kachin amber, of which 244 were named in 2023; 16 species have been recorded from older Hkamti amber (six were named in 2023), of which two are known from both Hkamti and Kachin amber. Another four species were named in 2023, though it is uncertain whether they are in Kachin or Hkamti amber. In total 253 species were named from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar in 2023.
这是对缅甸琥珀名录和书目的补充,涵盖了2023年期间描述或记录的分类群,以及之前遗漏的一些早期记录。截至 2023 年底,克钦琥珀中记录了 2,781 个物种,其中 244 个物种在 2023 年被命名;较早的赫康提琥珀中记录了 16 个物种(6 个物种在 2023 年被命名),其中 2 个物种在赫康提和克钦琥珀中均有记录。另有 4 个物种在 2023 年被命名,但尚不确定是克钦琥珀还是赫康提琥珀中的物种。2023 年,缅甸白垩纪琥珀中共命名了 253 个物种。
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引用次数: 1
Unusual snakefly larvae in about 100 million-year-old amber and the evolution of the larva-pupa transition 约 1 亿年前琥珀中的异常蛇蝇幼虫与幼虫-蛹过渡时期的进化
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.7
J. Haug, Ana Zippel, Simon Linhart, Patrick Müller, C. Haug
The evolutionary success of Insecta, more precisely of its ingroup Holometabola, has partly been explained by their ontogeny, with larvae and adults differing in their morphology and ecology. This differentiation occurs in large and well-known groups such as beetles, butterflies and bees, but also in the relatively species-poor group of snakeflies (Raphidioptera). Despite the rather small number of species, snakeflies are evolutionarily very significant as they were part of the early diversification of Holometabola and still exhibit several plesiomorphic traits retained from the ground pattern of the latter, for example, a mobile pupa. Furthermore, during development, some snakeflies show a mixture of larval and pupal, sometimes even of adult characters, a phenomenon called metathetely. We here report a 100 million-year-old fossil snakefly larva from Myanmar amber with possible characters reminiscent of metathetely. Different dimensions of the body were measured in the specimen and other snakefly larvae and pupae, and ratios were calculated and compared among the larvae. The new fossil shows similarities to extant pupae in the larger length of the prothorax, similarities to modern adults in the small width of the prothorax, but also similarities to other fossil snakefly larvae such as the undivided tarsus and the antenna being subdivided into only five elements. Such a mixture of characters from different developmental stages points to a less pronounced metamorphosis in fossil snakeflies than in extant ones. Similar ontogenetic patterns, with a more gradual development in earlier representatives evolving into a more pronounced metamorphosis in modern representatives, are also known in other groups of Euarthropoda and point to heterochronic events in the evolution of these lineages.
昆虫类(更确切地说,是其内生类群 Holometabola)在进化上的成功,部分原因在于它们的本体,即幼虫和成虫在形态和生态上的差异。这种分化不仅出现在甲虫、蝴蝶和蜜蜂等广为人知的大型类群中,也出现在种类相对较少的蛇蝇类(Raphidioptera)中。尽管物种数量很少,但蛇蝇的进化意义却非常重大,因为它们是全翅类早期多样化的一部分,而且仍然表现出保留自全翅类地面模式的一些多形性特征,例如活动的蛹。此外,在发育过程中,一些蛇蛉表现出幼虫和蛹的混合特征,有时甚至表现出成虫的特征,这种现象被称为 "元蝶"(metathetely)。我们在此报告了缅甸琥珀中的一亿年前的蛇蝇幼虫化石,其特征可能让人联想到元蝶。我们测量了该标本及其他蛇蝇幼虫和蛹身体的不同尺寸,计算并比较了幼虫之间的比率。新化石与现生蛹的相似之处在于前胸的长度较大,与现代成虫的相似之处在于前胸的宽度较小,但也与其他蛇蛉幼虫化石相似,例如跗节不分节,触角仅细分为五个元素。这些来自不同发育阶段的特征表明,化石蛇蝇的变态过程没有现生蛇蝇那么明显。类似的本体发育模式在欧陆脊椎动物的其他类群中也是已知的,早期代表物种的发育较为渐进,而现代代表物种的变态则较为明显,这表明这些类群在进化过程中发生了异时性事件。
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引用次数: 0
First record of insects from the oldest and older Dryas of Altai (Russia). Coleoptera assemblages from Lebed River 首次记录来自阿尔泰(俄罗斯)最古老和最古老旱季的昆虫。列别德河的鞘翅目昆虫组合
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.8
A. Gurina, R. Dudko, Yuri E. Mikhailov, A. A. Prokin, A. Solodovnikov, Evgeny V. Zinovyev, A. Legalov
Subfossil remains of insects found in the Lebed site (52.25220°N, 87.15692°E) located on the Lebed River, Altai Republic are recorded. The calibrated radiocarbon dates for two layers of these deposits were 16,461–17,056 cal BP, and 13,520–14,077 cal BP, which correspond to the oldest and older Dryas (Late Pleistocene). Insect assemblages of these deposits are mainly represented by Coleoptera, which are noteworthy there for high taxonomic and ecological diversity and include several endemic and relic species. At least 120 beetle species from 17 families have been found altogether, of them, 37 species are recorded for the Pleistocene deposits of Western Siberia for the first time. Three families, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Curculionidae are most abundantly represented in the examined Lebed site. Ecologically, this beetle assemblage is dominated by species that are currently confined to the taiga belt and alpine meadows of the Altai Mountains; aquatic and near-water species are also well represented. The studied assemblages are rather different from the previously studied Pleistocene insect fauna in the south of the West Siberian Plain. The taxonomic and ecological compositions of the beetle fauna of Lebed site suggest its existence under humid palaeoclimate that was significantly colder than modern climate in this area.
记录了在位于阿尔泰共和国列别德河的列别德遗址(52.25220°N,87.15692°E)发现的昆虫化石。这些沉积物两层的校准放射性碳年代分别为 16,461-17,056 卡(公元前)和 13,520-14,077 卡(公元前),分别对应于最古老和较古老的旱季(晚更新世)。这些矿床的昆虫群主要以鞘翅目昆虫为代表,它们在分类学和生态学方面具有高度的多样性,其中包括多个特有种和遗存种。已发现的甲虫共有 17 科 120 种,其中 37 种是首次在西西伯利亚西部更新世沉积中发现。在考察的列别德遗址中,甲虫科(Carabidae)、甲壳虫科(Staphylinidae)和甲壳虫科(Curculionidae)这三个科的数量最多。从生态学角度来看,该甲虫群主要由目前仅限于阿尔泰山泰加带和高山草甸的物种组成;水生和近水物种也有大量出现。所研究的昆虫群与之前在西西伯利亚平原南部研究的更新世昆虫群相当不同。列别德遗址甲虫动物群的分类学和生态组成表明,该遗址是在潮湿的古气候下存在的,该地区的气候比现代气候要冷得多。
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引用次数: 0
A new Triassic Tettigarctidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) from the Amisan Formation (Republic of Korea) 来自安美山地层(大韩民国)的一种新的三叠纪 Tettigarctidae(昆虫纲,半翅目)
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.9
C. Jouault, G. Nam, Mathieu Boderau, SEUNG-HYUK Kwon, André Nel
A new species of Tettigarctidae Sanmai? zetavena sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Late Triassic Amisan Formation (Republic of Korea). This new species is the oldest representative of the genus Sanmai Chen et al., 2016, previously only known from the Middle Jurassic of China. This discovery expands the temporal range of the genus Sanmai and increases the morphological diversity of Cicadomorpha during the Triassic. Together with recent discoveries of new fossil insect taxa, the description of this new species advocates for further study of the Amisan Formation palaeoentomofauna.
描述并图示了三叠纪晚期安美山地层(大韩民国)中的一个新种Tettigarctidae Sanmai?该新种是Sanmai属最古老的代表,以前仅见于中国的中侏罗世。这一发现扩大了三螨属的时间范围,增加了三叠纪蝉科昆虫的形态多样性。结合近期发现的新昆虫类群化石,该新物种的描述有助于对阿米山地层古脊椎动物群的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Palaeoentomology
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