Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3638
M. Szeliga
{"title":"(Review) Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny, Anna Rauba-Bukowska, Agnieszka Kukułka (eds), Najstarsza osada kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej z terenu Polski. Gwoździec stan. 2, gm. Zakliczyn/ The earliest settlement of the Linear Pottery Culture from the territory","authors":"M. Szeliga","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3598
Andrzej Janowski, Krzysztof Sojka, Ewa Włodarczak
Detector recognition carried out in Lesser Poland in last few years deliver a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a sword scabbard chape made of a copper alloy discovered in the middle of Niepołomice Forest. The paper subjected this artefact to typological classifications, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characterization. Sword scabbard chapes in this type are very rare finds and most of them were discovered in southern and eastern Europe in Bulgaria, Ungarn and Ukraine, and are dated to the second half of the 10th and the 11th century. Specimen from Niepołomice Forest was presumably created in one of these areas and ended up here via one of the trade routes that intersected in Cracow.
{"title":"In the middle of nowhere. Unique sword scabbard chape from Niepołomice Forest","authors":"Andrzej Janowski, Krzysztof Sojka, Ewa Włodarczak","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3598","url":null,"abstract":"Detector recognition carried out in Lesser Poland in last few years deliver a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a sword scabbard chape made of a copper alloy discovered in the middle of Niepołomice Forest. The paper subjected this artefact to typological classifications, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characterization. Sword scabbard chapes in this type are very rare finds and most of them were discovered in southern and eastern Europe in Bulgaria, Ungarn and Ukraine, and are dated to the second half of the 10th and the 11th century. Specimen from Niepołomice Forest was presumably created in one of these areas and ended up here via one of the trade routes that intersected in Cracow.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"390 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3472
Marek Florek, A. Szczepanek
The subject of this article is a grave dated to the end of the 10th c. AD discovered in 2016 at the culmination of the so-called Old Town Hill in Sandomierz. The grave, just like a burial found in 2006 – located a dozen or so metres from the discussed feature – was unusually oriented – approximately along the N-S axis. Specialist analyses and examination of the burial goods found in the grave – a knife, a firesteel, a flint strike-a-light and a vessel fragment – indicate that the buried man probably lived in Sandomierz or its surroundings. The graves discovered in 2006 and 2016 are not part of a vast cemetery that occupied the middle and upper part of the Old Town Hill in the 11th c., but they are separate burials. It is possible that they attest to an abandoned attempt to establish a cemetery by an unspecified group inhabiting Sandomierz at the end of the 11th c., desiring to stress their distinctiveness from the rest of the population not only by having their own necropolis, but also by digging graves that were oriented in a different direction.
{"title":"Early medieval burial from the culmination of the Old Town Hill in Sandomierz","authors":"Marek Florek, A. Szczepanek","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3472","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this article is a grave dated to the end of the 10th c. AD discovered in 2016 at the culmination of the so-called Old Town Hill in Sandomierz. The grave, just like a burial found in 2006 – located a dozen or so metres from the discussed feature – was unusually oriented – approximately along the N-S axis. Specialist analyses and examination of the burial goods found in the grave – a knife, a firesteel, a flint strike-a-light and a vessel fragment – indicate that the buried man probably lived in Sandomierz or its surroundings. The graves discovered in 2006 and 2016 are not part of a vast cemetery that occupied the middle and upper part of the Old Town Hill in the 11th c., but they are separate burials. It is possible that they attest to an abandoned attempt to establish a cemetery by an unspecified group inhabiting Sandomierz at the end of the 11th c., desiring to stress their distinctiveness from the rest of the population not only by having their own necropolis, but also by digging graves that were oriented in a different direction.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"163 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3150
E. Kvavadze, Inga Martkoplishvili, K. Kakhiani, Nana Rezesidze
Eight small glass bottles (vials) have been obtained from five graves of the Kanchaani cemetery, dating to the 1st-3rd centuries AD. The objects came to the laboratory almost intact, and their contents have also survived. Analysis of the plant pollen and the study of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) of these contents showed that there was a set of various medicinal plants in seven bottles, and one bottle contained an infusion made from in-sects, which also had medicinal properties. The pollen of 23 medicinal plants has been determined to genus and species levels in the contents of the bottles. The paper describes in detail the characteristics of all found medici-nal plants and their use in folk medicine. It turns out, that the ethnopharmacology of the Late Antiquity Period in the region under consideration was rather well developed.
{"title":"Results of a palynological study of the contents of small glass bottles of the Late Antiquity from the Kanchaani Cemetery (Southeastern Georgia)","authors":"E. Kvavadze, Inga Martkoplishvili, K. Kakhiani, Nana Rezesidze","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3150","url":null,"abstract":"Eight small glass bottles (vials) have been obtained from five graves of the Kanchaani cemetery, dating to the 1st-3rd centuries AD. The objects came to the laboratory almost intact, and their contents have also survived. Analysis of the plant pollen and the study of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) of these contents showed that there was a set of various medicinal plants in seven bottles, and one bottle contained an infusion made from in-sects, which also had medicinal properties. The pollen of 23 medicinal plants has been determined to genus and species levels in the contents of the bottles. The paper describes in detail the characteristics of all found medici-nal plants and their use in folk medicine. It turns out, that the ethnopharmacology of the Late Antiquity Period in the region under consideration was rather well developed.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"83 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3222
Joanna Pyzel, Louise Gomart
This article presents the results of the analysis of the manufacturing macrotraces on the LBK pottery from Cząstków Polski, Site XII, Czosnów commune. It is a small, highly fragmented, and eroded assemblage and the usefulness of such material for the study of pottery production was tested. Different lines of evidence could be combined and led to the recognition of various vessel forming methods and to the reconstruction of distinct chaînes opératoires and even individual traits within them, indicating the occupation of the site by one community of practice with multiple manufacturers. Pottery production at Cząstków Polski followed general LBKpotting standards but also shows some peculiarities indicating some degree of idiosyncrasy within this community of practice.
本文介绍了对来自 Cząstków Polski、Czosnów 公社 XII 号遗址的 LBK 陶器上的制造大痕迹的分析结果。这是一个小规模、高度破碎和侵蚀的集合体，对此类材料在研究陶器生产方面的有用性进行了测试。可以将不同的证据结合起来，从而识别出各种器皿的成型方法，并重建出不同的工作流程，甚至是其中的个别特征，这表明该遗址被一个拥有多个制造商的实践社区所占据。Cząstków Polski 的陶器生产遵循一般的枸杞科陶器生产标准，但也显示出一些特殊性，表明该生产群体内部存在一定程度的特异性。
{"title":"From pots to potters: reconstructing group and individual variability in pottery production. A case study of the LBK site Cząstków Polski XII, Comm. Czosnów","authors":"Joanna Pyzel, Louise Gomart","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3222","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the analysis of the manufacturing macrotraces on the LBK pottery from Cząstków Polski, Site XII, Czosnów commune. It is a small, highly fragmented, and eroded assemblage and the usefulness of such material for the study of pottery production was tested. Different lines of evidence could be combined and led to the recognition of various vessel forming methods and to the reconstruction of distinct chaînes opératoires and even individual traits within them, indicating the occupation of the site by one community of practice with multiple manufacturers. Pottery production at Cząstków Polski followed general LBKpotting standards but also shows some peculiarities indicating some degree of idiosyncrasy within this community of practice.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3623
A. Głód
{"title":"(Review) Martin Furholt, Ivan Cheben, Johannes Müller, Alena Bistáková, Maria Wunderlich, Nils Müller-Scheeßel (eds), Archaeology in the Žitava valley I: The LBK and Želiezovce settlement site of Vráble (= Scales of Transformation in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies 9)","authors":"A. Głód","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3374
Rafał Solecki, Patrycja Smereczyńska
Since the mid-1970s, the Polish Archaeological Record has been a national program in Poland with the primary objective of cataloguing archaeological sites, providing detailed descriptions and exact geographical locations. It is in operation to this day. So far, approximately 90% of the area of Poland has been prospected and almost 470,000 archaeological sites catalogued. Currently, work is underway to digitise the entire database. This paper presents our attempts to use the digitised data from this database to study the intensity of settlement processes in the past as well as how to visualise these data on a map. For the purpose of this research, archaeological data from an area in the northeast of Poland were digitised in a GIS environment. Examples of similar spatial analyses were taken from Scottish and Czech research and adapted to this case. The results, a series of maps showing the intensity of traces of human habitation in different time periods, demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of such visualisations.
{"title":"Attempts at spatial analyses of data from the Polish Archaeological Record","authors":"Rafał Solecki, Patrycja Smereczyńska","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3374","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-1970s, the Polish Archaeological Record has been a national program in Poland with the primary objective of cataloguing archaeological sites, providing detailed descriptions and exact geographical locations. It is in operation to this day. So far, approximately 90% of the area of Poland has been prospected and almost 470,000 archaeological sites catalogued. Currently, work is underway to digitise the entire database. This paper presents our attempts to use the digitised data from this database to study the intensity of settlement processes in the past as well as how to visualise these data on a map. For the purpose of this research, archaeological data from an area in the northeast of Poland were digitised in a GIS environment. Examples of similar spatial analyses were taken from Scottish and Czech research and adapted to this case. The results, a series of maps showing the intensity of traces of human habitation in different time periods, demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of such visualisations.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3481
S. Kadrow
A series of new radiocarbon dates from Neolithic Malice Culture (MC) sites in Lesser Poland allow for making significant corrections in the absolute chronology of this culture. Bayesian modelling of a series of MC dates made it possible also to specify the absolute chronology of individual phases of the development of this culture. The early classic phase (MC1a) is around 4800-4700 BC, the classic phase (MC1b) between 4700 and 4450 BC, and the late phase (MC2) between 4450 and 4200 BC. In addition, the review of the definitions of the MC phases and their new absolute chronology allow for the synchronization of their development with the culturalunits in the Tisza basin. Phase MC1b developed parallel to phase III of the Herpály culture, phase MC1c to Proto-Tiszapolgár (layer 5 on the Herpály tell), and phase MC2 with the Tiszapolgár culture.
{"title":"Radiocarbon Chronology of the post-LBK Malice Culture in Lesser Poland","authors":"S. Kadrow","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3481","url":null,"abstract":"A series of new radiocarbon dates from Neolithic Malice Culture (MC) sites in Lesser Poland allow for making significant corrections in the absolute chronology of this culture. Bayesian modelling of a series of MC dates made it possible also to specify the absolute chronology of individual phases of the development of this culture. The early classic phase (MC1a) is around 4800-4700 BC, the classic phase (MC1b) between 4700 and 4450 BC, and the late phase (MC2) between 4450 and 4200 BC. In addition, the review of the definitions of the MC phases and their new absolute chronology allow for the synchronization of their development with the culturalunits in the Tisza basin. Phase MC1b developed parallel to phase III of the Herpály culture, phase MC1c to Proto-Tiszapolgár (layer 5 on the Herpály tell), and phase MC2 with the Tiszapolgár culture.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3674
Anna Rauba-Bukowska, Maciej Nowak, Gabriela Jużwińska, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo
The paper presents the results of specialized research on a small collection of artefacts of the Linear Pottery Culture in southern Poland. Among the 27 pottery fragments discovered at the Prandocin Site 1, a few painted fragments were identified. Such kind of painting style directly relates to the Želiezovce group of this culture in western Slovakia. Painted vessels are rarely found in the context of the Linear Pottery Culture in Lesser Poland (Małopolska), which is why special attention was given to raw material and technological studies of the ceramics. The study aimed to answer the question of whether the painted vessel was produced locally or if it representsevidence of direct migration of people, objects, or ideas from the areas of present-day western Slovakia at the turn of the 6th and 5th millennium BC.
{"title":"Early Neolithic red-painted pottery from the Prandocin site, southern Poland. Indirect transfer in a technological context","authors":"Anna Rauba-Bukowska, Maciej Nowak, Gabriela Jużwińska, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3674","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of specialized research on a small collection of artefacts of the Linear Pottery Culture in southern Poland. Among the 27 pottery fragments discovered at the Prandocin Site 1, a few painted fragments were identified. Such kind of painting style directly relates to the Želiezovce group of this culture in western Slovakia. Painted vessels are rarely found in the context of the Linear Pottery Culture in Lesser Poland (Małopolska), which is why special attention was given to raw material and technological studies of the ceramics. The study aimed to answer the question of whether the painted vessel was produced locally or if it representsevidence of direct migration of people, objects, or ideas from the areas of present-day western Slovakia at the turn of the 6th and 5th millennium BC.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"409 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3500
M. Jaeger, Gabriella Kulcsár, Eszter Melis, M. Stróżyk, Paweł Piszora, Marietta Csányi, Réka Csuvár-Andrási, K. Fischl, Szilvia Guba, Evelin Pap, Emília Pásztor, Róbert Patay, Ildikó Szathmári, Gábor Szilas, Agnė Čivilytė, Viktória Kiss
Amber was one of the key raw materials distributed in Bronze Age Europe. One of its varieties – succinite – wasexchanged over a vast area stretching from its sources on the southern shores of the Baltic Sea to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The chemical identification of Baltic amber significantly expands our knowledge of the dynamics and nature of the relationships connecting different regions of Europe in the first half of the second millennium BC. One of the most significant cultural-geographical areas reached by this amber was the Carpathian Basin. This text presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the context, chronology, and the extent of amber occurrence in the Hungarian Bronze Age. At the same time, it supplements the catalogue of finds with artefacts acquired in recent years, providing new information regarding radiocarbon dating and spectral analysis of selected amber artifacts.
{"title":"Baltic Amber in Hungarian Bronze Age. New data and current stage of research","authors":"M. Jaeger, Gabriella Kulcsár, Eszter Melis, M. Stróżyk, Paweł Piszora, Marietta Csányi, Réka Csuvár-Andrási, K. Fischl, Szilvia Guba, Evelin Pap, Emília Pásztor, Róbert Patay, Ildikó Szathmári, Gábor Szilas, Agnė Čivilytė, Viktória Kiss","doi":"10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/sa/75.2023.2.3500","url":null,"abstract":"Amber was one of the key raw materials distributed in Bronze Age Europe. One of its varieties – succinite – wasexchanged over a vast area stretching from its sources on the southern shores of the Baltic Sea to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The chemical identification of Baltic amber significantly expands our knowledge of the dynamics and nature of the relationships connecting different regions of Europe in the first half of the second millennium BC. One of the most significant cultural-geographical areas reached by this amber was the Carpathian Basin. This text presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the context, chronology, and the extent of amber occurrence in the Hungarian Bronze Age. At the same time, it supplements the catalogue of finds with artefacts acquired in recent years, providing new information regarding radiocarbon dating and spectral analysis of selected amber artifacts.","PeriodicalId":509508,"journal":{"name":"Sprawozdania Archeologiczne","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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