Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002821
Eva Sánchez-Martínez, Jörg Schaller
Abstract: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can present a wide variety of clinical and histopathological manifestations. We present the case of a 75-year-old patient with a persistent maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities, in which the biopsy showed an exclusively perifollicular granulomatous infiltrate. In the immunohistochemical staining with anti- Treponema pallidum antibodies, spirochetes scattered within the perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate were identified. These findings together with the serological analysis allowed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. Folliculotropic nonalopecic syphilis is rare, and the pathogenic mechanisms that cause this specific tropism are unknown. On the other hand, granulomatous inflammation is a pattern typically described in tertiary syphilis but also occasionally found in secondary syphilis. We present a case of secondary syphilis with the combination of both histopathological findings, an uncommon constellation for dermatopathologists to consider.
{"title":"Granulomatous Folliculotropic Secondary Syphilis: An Unusual Histopathological Clue.","authors":"Eva Sánchez-Martínez, Jörg Schaller","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002821","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can present a wide variety of clinical and histopathological manifestations. We present the case of a 75-year-old patient with a persistent maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities, in which the biopsy showed an exclusively perifollicular granulomatous infiltrate. In the immunohistochemical staining with anti- Treponema pallidum antibodies, spirochetes scattered within the perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate were identified. These findings together with the serological analysis allowed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. Folliculotropic nonalopecic syphilis is rare, and the pathogenic mechanisms that cause this specific tropism are unknown. On the other hand, granulomatous inflammation is a pattern typically described in tertiary syphilis but also occasionally found in secondary syphilis. We present a case of secondary syphilis with the combination of both histopathological findings, an uncommon constellation for dermatopathologists to consider.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"839-841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002752
Gianmarco D Bigotto, Antonio Podo Brunetti, Stefania Guida, Giorgio Stabile, Nathalie Rizzo, Franco Rongioletti
Abstract: Primary cutaneous spindle B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon subtype of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by a distinct spindled cytology of neoplastic B cells. Despite sharing clinical, histopathological, and phenotypical similarities with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, an indolent form of B-cell lymphoma, it also exhibits certain features akin to primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Notably, in rare instances, a more aggressive clinical course has been observed. This report details a rare case of primary cutaneous spindle cell B-cell follicle center lymphoma, manifested as a prolonged solitary plaque of cicatricial alopecia. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of existing cases documented in the literature.
摘要:原发性皮肤纺锤形B细胞淋巴瘤是一种不常见的皮肤淋巴瘤亚型,其特点是肿瘤性B细胞呈明显的纺锤形细胞学。尽管在临床、组织病理学和表型上与原发性皮肤滤泡中心淋巴瘤(B细胞淋巴瘤的一种惰性形式)相似,但它也表现出与原发性皮肤弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤相似的某些特征。值得注意的是,在极少数情况下,患者的临床病程更具侵袭性。本报告详细介绍了一例罕见的原发性皮肤纺锤形细胞 B 细胞滤泡中心淋巴瘤,表现为长期单发的卡他性脱发斑。此外,我们还对文献中记载的现有病例进行了全面回顾。
{"title":"Primary Cutaneous Spindle Cell B-Cell Follicle Center Lymphoma Presenting as Long-Standing Plaque of Cicatricial Alopecia: A Case Report With a Comprehensive Review of the Literature.","authors":"Gianmarco D Bigotto, Antonio Podo Brunetti, Stefania Guida, Giorgio Stabile, Nathalie Rizzo, Franco Rongioletti","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002752","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Primary cutaneous spindle B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon subtype of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by a distinct spindled cytology of neoplastic B cells. Despite sharing clinical, histopathological, and phenotypical similarities with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, an indolent form of B-cell lymphoma, it also exhibits certain features akin to primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Notably, in rare instances, a more aggressive clinical course has been observed. This report details a rare case of primary cutaneous spindle cell B-cell follicle center lymphoma, manifested as a prolonged solitary plaque of cicatricial alopecia. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of existing cases documented in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"819-824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002853
Mouaz Alsawas, Fiorinda F Muhaj, Phyu P Aung, Priyadharsini Nagarajan, Woo Cheal Cho
Abstract: Poromas are benign adnexal neoplasms of eccrine origin, believed to arise from the outer layer of acrosyringia and upper dermal eccrine ducts, with a predilection for glabrous skin. They typically present as a pink or red papule with a surrounding thin moat on the palms and soles. We report a case of poroma with histopathologic features reminiscent of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP). A 70-year-old woman presented with a 2.0 cm pedunculated nodule on the left suprapubic abdomen. Histopathologically, the lesion predominantly displayed features of a conventional poroma but also included areas with endophytic invaginations lined by large, plump epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional decapitation secretion, alongside a stroma rich in plasma cells-characteristics suggestive of SCAP. However, definitive bilayers with myoepithelial cells were not observed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for TRPS1 (particularly around SCAP-like areas) and CEA (indicating ductal differentiation), but negative for BRAF V600E and NUT. The diagnosis of poroma with apocrine differentiation mimicking SCAP was favored. This unusual morphologic variation in poromas is rare, with fewer than 5 cases documented in the literature. These SCAP-like features likely represent a variation within the morphologic spectrum of poromas rather than the presence of 2 synchronous tumors. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing such variations in poroid neoplasms to ensure accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum-Like Features in Poroma: An Unusual Morphologic Pattern of Poroma or True Synchronous Occurrence of 2 Distinct Neoplasms?","authors":"Mouaz Alsawas, Fiorinda F Muhaj, Phyu P Aung, Priyadharsini Nagarajan, Woo Cheal Cho","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002853","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Poromas are benign adnexal neoplasms of eccrine origin, believed to arise from the outer layer of acrosyringia and upper dermal eccrine ducts, with a predilection for glabrous skin. They typically present as a pink or red papule with a surrounding thin moat on the palms and soles. We report a case of poroma with histopathologic features reminiscent of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP). A 70-year-old woman presented with a 2.0 cm pedunculated nodule on the left suprapubic abdomen. Histopathologically, the lesion predominantly displayed features of a conventional poroma but also included areas with endophytic invaginations lined by large, plump epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and occasional decapitation secretion, alongside a stroma rich in plasma cells-characteristics suggestive of SCAP. However, definitive bilayers with myoepithelial cells were not observed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for TRPS1 (particularly around SCAP-like areas) and CEA (indicating ductal differentiation), but negative for BRAF V600E and NUT. The diagnosis of poroma with apocrine differentiation mimicking SCAP was favored. This unusual morphologic variation in poromas is rare, with fewer than 5 cases documented in the literature. These SCAP-like features likely represent a variation within the morphologic spectrum of poromas rather than the presence of 2 synchronous tumors. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing such variations in poroid neoplasms to ensure accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"871-874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Case presentation: We report a case of erythematoviolaceous cutaneous plaques in an uncommon location (abdomen and dorsum) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and without other disorders such as atherosclerotic disease, macromastia and smoking.
Discussion and conclusion: It is believed that ischemia or inflammation creates local hypoxia, leading to an increase in pro-angiogenic cytokines with subsequent endothelial proliferation and neovascularization. We report a case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune disease) who presented with an asymptomatic cutaneous violaceous and roundish lesion in the trunk that may be related to diffuse dermal angiomatosis.
{"title":"Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report.","authors":"Jessia Pagan Faria, Gabriele Harumi Seko, Eldis Mioto, Marina Gubert, Mariana Collete, Icaro Allysson Siqueira, Alisson Rombi Malia, Izabela Finatti","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000002775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of erythematoviolaceous cutaneous plaques in an uncommon location (abdomen and dorsum) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and without other disorders such as atherosclerotic disease, macromastia and smoking.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>It is believed that ischemia or inflammation creates local hypoxia, leading to an increase in pro-angiogenic cytokines with subsequent endothelial proliferation and neovascularization. We report a case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune disease) who presented with an asymptomatic cutaneous violaceous and roundish lesion in the trunk that may be related to diffuse dermal angiomatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":"46 12","pages":"847-849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002769
Mitchell J Finkelstein, Tatsiana Pukhalskaya, Jeffrey A North, Thaddeus Mully, W Allen Wesche, Michael T Tetzlaff
Abstract: Silicone granulomas, or "siliconomas," are the common foreign-body inflammatory responses to injected silicone material. In rare cases, siliconomas develop remotely from the original site of injection, secondary to silicone migration. If a history of silicone injection is not noted, such lesions risk misdiagnosis (possibly as infection or malignancy). Intraocular silicone oil is commonly used in retinal detachment surgery, with occasional reports of granulomatous responses after its application in this context. Here, we report a 66-year-old man who developed a periocular silicone granuloma years after scleral buckle surgery for a detached retina and summarize the literature of similar reports of migratory siliconoma.
{"title":"Silicone on the Move: Migratory Siliconoma After Retinal Surgery Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Mitchell J Finkelstein, Tatsiana Pukhalskaya, Jeffrey A North, Thaddeus Mully, W Allen Wesche, Michael T Tetzlaff","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002769","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Silicone granulomas, or \"siliconomas,\" are the common foreign-body inflammatory responses to injected silicone material. In rare cases, siliconomas develop remotely from the original site of injection, secondary to silicone migration. If a history of silicone injection is not noted, such lesions risk misdiagnosis (possibly as infection or malignancy). Intraocular silicone oil is commonly used in retinal detachment surgery, with occasional reports of granulomatous responses after its application in this context. Here, we report a 66-year-old man who developed a periocular silicone granuloma years after scleral buckle surgery for a detached retina and summarize the literature of similar reports of migratory siliconoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"e124-e127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002838
Maged Daruish, Graeme Kerr, Saleem Taibjee
Abstract: Squamomelanocytic tumor is a poorly defined term that indicates co-occurrence of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma within the same lesion. We present an unusual case of squamomelanocytic tumor in which both intermingling components showed predominantly spindle cell morphology and were confirmed with double staining for SOX-10 and AE1/AE3.
{"title":"A Combined Spindle Cell Melanoma and Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rather Unique Squamomelanocytic Tumor.","authors":"Maged Daruish, Graeme Kerr, Saleem Taibjee","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002838","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Squamomelanocytic tumor is a poorly defined term that indicates co-occurrence of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma within the same lesion. We present an unusual case of squamomelanocytic tumor in which both intermingling components showed predominantly spindle cell morphology and were confirmed with double staining for SOX-10 and AE1/AE3.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"875-877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002832
Kei Shing Oh, Meera Mahalingam
Abstract: The standard treatment of choice for pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), a relatively uncommon soft tissue sarcoma and 1 morphologically similar to atypical fibroxanthoma, is wide local excision with close clinical follow-up. Studies regarding management of advanced/metastatic PDS with immune checkpoint inhibitors are limited as most STSs have historically been viewed as being immunologically inert. Contradicting this belief, in this report, we describe 2 cases of PDS with a robust host response. Histopathology of both cases revealed a dermal neoplasm comprising mitotically active, pleomorphic, spindled-to-ovoid cells, which were immunohistochemically negative for keratinocytic, melanocytic, and smooth muscle markers. An unusual feature in both cases was the presence of a brisk host response. Additional workup of the infiltrating lymphocyte population revealed an abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio in both cases, with the proportion of CD8 + lymphocytes surpassing (case 1) and equaling (case 2) that of the CD4 + T-lymphocyte population. The increased proportion of CD8 + lymphocytes prompted the additional workup of TCR gene rearrangement, which revealed a clonal population of T lymphocytes in both cases. The robust and clonal T-lymphocyte host response in both of our cases suggests that PDS appears to fit the classic model of an inflammatory-type tumor and may be a candidate for checkpoint inhibition. Future work includes additional reports of cases of PDS with an infiltrating clonal T-lymphocyte population and detailing the function and specificity of the infiltrating T lymphocytes to ascertain whether they have the potential to recognize and lyse the tumors they colonize.
摘要:多形性真皮肉瘤(PDS)是一种相对少见的软组织肉瘤,形态上与非典型纤维黄瘤相似,其标准治疗方法是局部广泛切除,并进行密切的临床随访。有关使用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗晚期/转移性PDS的研究非常有限,因为大多数STS历来被认为是免疫惰性的。与这一观点相反,在本报告中,我们描述了两例具有强大宿主反应的 PDS 病例。这两例病例的组织病理均显示为真皮肿瘤,由有丝分裂活跃的多形性纺锤形至卵球形细胞组成,免疫组化结果显示其角质细胞、黑素细胞和平滑肌标记物均为阴性。这两个病例的一个不寻常之处是出现了强烈的宿主反应。对浸润淋巴细胞群的进一步检查发现,两例病例的 CD4:CD8 比率均异常,CD8+淋巴细胞的比例分别超过(病例 1)和等于(病例 2)CD4+ T 淋巴细胞群的比例。CD8+ 淋巴细胞比例的增加促使对 TCR 基因重排进行额外检查,结果显示两个病例中都存在克隆 T 淋巴细胞群。我们两个病例中强大而克隆的T淋巴细胞宿主反应表明,PDS似乎符合炎症型肿瘤的经典模型,可能是检查点抑制的候选病例。今后的工作包括进一步报道具有浸润性克隆T淋巴细胞群的PDS病例,并详细研究浸润性T淋巴细胞的功能和特异性,以确定它们是否具有识别和裂解其定植的肿瘤的潜力。
{"title":"T-cell Clonality in Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma in Male Veterans: A Report of 2 Cases and a Review of the Literature.","authors":"Kei Shing Oh, Meera Mahalingam","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002832","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The standard treatment of choice for pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), a relatively uncommon soft tissue sarcoma and 1 morphologically similar to atypical fibroxanthoma, is wide local excision with close clinical follow-up. Studies regarding management of advanced/metastatic PDS with immune checkpoint inhibitors are limited as most STSs have historically been viewed as being immunologically inert. Contradicting this belief, in this report, we describe 2 cases of PDS with a robust host response. Histopathology of both cases revealed a dermal neoplasm comprising mitotically active, pleomorphic, spindled-to-ovoid cells, which were immunohistochemically negative for keratinocytic, melanocytic, and smooth muscle markers. An unusual feature in both cases was the presence of a brisk host response. Additional workup of the infiltrating lymphocyte population revealed an abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio in both cases, with the proportion of CD8 + lymphocytes surpassing (case 1) and equaling (case 2) that of the CD4 + T-lymphocyte population. The increased proportion of CD8 + lymphocytes prompted the additional workup of TCR gene rearrangement, which revealed a clonal population of T lymphocytes in both cases. The robust and clonal T-lymphocyte host response in both of our cases suggests that PDS appears to fit the classic model of an inflammatory-type tumor and may be a candidate for checkpoint inhibition. Future work includes additional reports of cases of PDS with an infiltrating clonal T-lymphocyte population and detailing the function and specificity of the infiltrating T lymphocytes to ascertain whether they have the potential to recognize and lyse the tumors they colonize.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"855-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002847
Steven Kossard, Shahin Sharifi, Linda Calvey
Background: In contrast to early-onset dysplastic nevi, late-onset atypical nevi of the elderly are more often precursors to distinctive nevoid melanomas. PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry was applied to delineate the nevoid aspect of late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway. Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, regulatory T-cell mesenchymal hubs, has emerged as a translational tool and was used to define nevoid oncogenesis within a dynamic meta-analytic pathway.
Methods: PRAME immunohistochemistry was applied after designating a histopathologic diagnosis. Late-onset atypical nested lentiginous nevus, lentiginous nested melanoma, and hypercellular nested nevoid melanoma were the diagnostic categories. A positive PRAME for melanoma was set at 75% percentage labeling.A wide-ranging published evidence-based database was incorporated to develop a meta-analytic framework for oncogenic nevogenesis. This combined inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue incorporating the pleiotropic functions of regulatory T cells regulating immunity and gene regulatory epigenetics as principal modulators.
Results: Concordant-negative PRAME expression was present in 64 of 81 (79%) atypical nested lentiginous nevi, concordant-positive PRAME expression occurred in 54 of 75 (72%) nevoid lentiginous and nested melanomas, and 18 of 23 (78%) nevoid hypercellular nested melanomas.
Conclusions: PRAME expression confirmed the existence of a late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway that can be defined by histopathology. Subsequent meta-analysis data linked to the meta-analytic framework revealed that PRAME is an epigenetic surrogate antigen expressed because of repression of retinoic acid receptor signaling, preventing ligand-induced retinoic acid cellular differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis, and promoting melanoma growth and survival for melanomas. PRAME is only a single antigen within a highly complex dynamic framework that governs nevoid oncogenesis. Significantly, the retinoic acid/retinoic acid receptor complex has been shown to modulate the immunosuppressive arm of regulatory T cells underpinning immune tolerance and is pertinent to the broad framework but is not linked to PRAME expression in this arm.
背景:与早期发病的发育不良痣相比,晚期发病的老年非典型痣更常是独特痣型黑色素瘤的前兆。应用PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME)免疫组化技术,可确定晚发型致癌痣的痣样途径。诱导性皮肤相关淋巴组织是调节性T细胞间质枢纽,已成为一种转化工具,被用于在动态元分析途径中定义nevoid肿瘤发生:在确定组织病理学诊断后,应用 PRAME 免疫组化技术。晚期非典型巢状皮样痣、皮样巢状黑色素瘤和高细胞巢状痣样黑色素瘤是诊断类别。黑色素瘤的阳性 PRAME 定义为 75% 的标记百分比。我们将已发表的大量循证数据库纳入其中,建立了致癌痣生成的荟萃分析框架。该框架将诱导性皮肤相关淋巴组织与调节性 T 细胞调节免疫和基因调节表观遗传学的多重功能结合起来,作为主要的调节因子:81个非典型巢状黑痣中的64个(79%)存在PRAME一致阴性表达,75个黑痣中的54个(72%)和23个黑痣中的18个(78%)存在PRAME一致阳性表达:PRAME的表达证实了晚发型致癌痣通路的存在,这种通路可通过组织病理学加以定义。随后与荟萃分析框架相关联的荟萃分析数据显示,PRAME是一种表观遗传学替代抗原,其表达的原因是抑制视黄酸受体信号传导,阻止配体诱导的视黄酸细胞分化、生长停滞和凋亡,促进黑色素瘤的生长和存活。PRAME 只是控制痣癌发生的高度复杂动态框架中的一个抗原。值得注意的是,视黄酸/视黄酸受体复合物已被证明可调节调节性 T 细胞的免疫抑制臂,从而巩固免疫耐受,它与这一广泛的框架相关,但与 PRAME 在这一臂中的表达无关。
{"title":"Utilizing PRAME Expression and a Meta-Analytic Framework for iSALT to Explore Atypical Late-Onset Nevi of the Elderly and Their Relationship With Lentiginous and Nested Nevoid Melanomas.","authors":"Steven Kossard, Shahin Sharifi, Linda Calvey","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002847","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In contrast to early-onset dysplastic nevi, late-onset atypical nevi of the elderly are more often precursors to distinctive nevoid melanomas. PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry was applied to delineate the nevoid aspect of late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway. Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, regulatory T-cell mesenchymal hubs, has emerged as a translational tool and was used to define nevoid oncogenesis within a dynamic meta-analytic pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRAME immunohistochemistry was applied after designating a histopathologic diagnosis. Late-onset atypical nested lentiginous nevus, lentiginous nested melanoma, and hypercellular nested nevoid melanoma were the diagnostic categories. A positive PRAME for melanoma was set at 75% percentage labeling.A wide-ranging published evidence-based database was incorporated to develop a meta-analytic framework for oncogenic nevogenesis. This combined inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue incorporating the pleiotropic functions of regulatory T cells regulating immunity and gene regulatory epigenetics as principal modulators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concordant-negative PRAME expression was present in 64 of 81 (79%) atypical nested lentiginous nevi, concordant-positive PRAME expression occurred in 54 of 75 (72%) nevoid lentiginous and nested melanomas, and 18 of 23 (78%) nevoid hypercellular nested melanomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRAME expression confirmed the existence of a late-onset oncogenic nevoid pathway that can be defined by histopathology. Subsequent meta-analysis data linked to the meta-analytic framework revealed that PRAME is an epigenetic surrogate antigen expressed because of repression of retinoic acid receptor signaling, preventing ligand-induced retinoic acid cellular differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis, and promoting melanoma growth and survival for melanomas. PRAME is only a single antigen within a highly complex dynamic framework that governs nevoid oncogenesis. Significantly, the retinoic acid/retinoic acid receptor complex has been shown to modulate the immunosuppressive arm of regulatory T cells underpinning immune tolerance and is pertinent to the broad framework but is not linked to PRAME expression in this arm.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"825-832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002856
Mahzad Azimpouran, Chau M Bui, Bonnie Balzer, Sumire Kitahara
Abstract: Primary cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounting for <1% of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The exact cause of PCGDTCL is not known, however, it is thought that chronic antigen exposure in the skin may lead to immune dysregulation at the site, resulting in abnormal proliferation of mature, post-thymic cytotoxic gamma delta T cells. Mutations are the most common genetic alteration seen in PCGDTCL, while structural abnormalities such as gene fusions are not common. We report a case of PCGDTCL with atypical immunophenotypic features, including expression of CD5 with lack of cytotoxic marker expression, and a structural alteration leading to FYN deletion at exon 8. Recently, it was described that a deletion of the area between FYN exon 8 and TRAF3IP2 intron 2 results in a novel FYN::TRAF3IP2 fusion in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. We describe our patient's clinical course, differential diagnosis, and potential implications of FYN deletion on disease pathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an FYN structural alteration to be described in PCGDTCL.
{"title":"Rapidly Progressive Primary Cutaneous Gamma Delta T-Cell Lymphoma With FYN Gene Alteration.","authors":"Mahzad Azimpouran, Chau M Bui, Bonnie Balzer, Sumire Kitahara","doi":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002856","DOIUrl":"10.1097/DAD.0000000000002856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Primary cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounting for <1% of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The exact cause of PCGDTCL is not known, however, it is thought that chronic antigen exposure in the skin may lead to immune dysregulation at the site, resulting in abnormal proliferation of mature, post-thymic cytotoxic gamma delta T cells. Mutations are the most common genetic alteration seen in PCGDTCL, while structural abnormalities such as gene fusions are not common. We report a case of PCGDTCL with atypical immunophenotypic features, including expression of CD5 with lack of cytotoxic marker expression, and a structural alteration leading to FYN deletion at exon 8. Recently, it was described that a deletion of the area between FYN exon 8 and TRAF3IP2 intron 2 results in a novel FYN::TRAF3IP2 fusion in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. We describe our patient's clinical course, differential diagnosis, and potential implications of FYN deletion on disease pathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an FYN structural alteration to be described in PCGDTCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":50967,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Dermatopathology","volume":" ","pages":"e120-e123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}