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Remote qualitative research after the COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical reflections from a prepandemic study with families of the enforced disappeared in Perú COVID-19 大流行后的远程定性研究:大流行前对秘鲁强迫失踪者家庭的研究的伦理反思
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241264666
Miryam Rivera-Holguín, Sofie de Smet, Victoria Cavero Huapaya, Jozef Corveleyn, Lucia De Haene
This article considers the ethical complexities of remote research practices in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. It draws on an analysis of prepandemic in-person fieldwork with survivors of collective violence and families of the enforced disappeared in Perú. We shed light on the specific challenges of using remote research processes with victims of human rights abuses. We propose a reflective research practice that is oriented on closely aligning the remote research process to the relational and social context of the research participants. Our main contribution is to reflect on the potential implications and challenges of conducting remote qualitative research with survivors of political violence, and on remote qualitative research more broadly. We outline three challenges and propose key recommendations.
本文探讨了 "Covid-19 "大流行后远程研究实践的伦理复杂性。文章借鉴了对秘鲁集体暴力幸存者和强迫失踪者家属进行的流行前亲自实地调查的分析。我们阐明了对侵犯人权行为的受害者使用远程研究过程所面临的具体挑战。我们提出了一种反思性研究实践,其方向是将远程研究过程与研究参与者的关系和社会背景紧密结合起来。我们的主要贡献在于反思对政治暴力幸存者开展远程定性研究的潜在影响和挑战,以及更广泛的远程定性研究。我们概述了三个挑战,并提出了主要建议。
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引用次数: 0
Global crisis and research production: COVID-19 as shaper and shaker or micro-interruption? 全球危机与科研生产:COVID-19 是动荡还是微观干扰?
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241264676
David Mwambari, Andrea Purdeková, Aymar Nyenyezi Bisoka
This special issue asks what happens to international research and collaboration when the research community becomes temporarily immobilized. The COVID-19 global pandemic powerfully disrupted normal ways of doing research and, therefore, created a perfect natural experiment of the “otherwise” for digital qualitative research in sensitive contexts. The collected papers argue that the lessons extracted from this recent global health crisis should shape our thinking on qualitative research amid crisis and research on the crisis. The authors speak to core themes like the digital platforming of research, continued inequality in research relations, and the concept of compounding crises. The special issue reflects on the authors’ own experiences with international collaborations during COVID-19 in a multiplicity of contexts from Peru, to Pakistan, Mexico and the Great Lakes Region of Africa. This introductory essay argues that the uniquely rapid and global context of COVID-19 offered a glimpse into one possible alterity of research production. It extracts lessons for the present and future, not only for other global crises, but for willed disruptions of research relations so that these are marked by less inequality and more balanced power relations.
本特刊旨在探讨当研究界暂时无法开展活动时,国际研究与合作会发生什么变化。COVID-19 全球大流行严重破坏了正常的研究方式,因此为敏感环境下的数字定性研究创造了一个完美的 "其他 "自然实验。收录的论文认为,从最近这场全球健康危机中汲取的经验教训应影响我们对危机中的定性研究和危机研究的思考。作者们谈到了一些核心主题,如研究的数字化平台化、研究关系中持续存在的不平等以及复合危机的概念。特刊反映了作者在 COVID-19 期间在秘鲁、巴基斯坦、墨西哥和非洲大湖区等多种背景下开展国际合作的亲身经历。这篇介绍性文章认为,COVID-19 独特的快速和全球性背景让我们看到了研究成果的一种可能的变化。它不仅为当前和未来的其他全球性危机提供了经验教训,也为有意破坏研究关系提供了经验教训,从而减少了不平等现象,使权力关系更加平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Designing afro-emancipatory qualitative research with and for Black people 与黑人一起并为黑人设计非洲解放定性研究
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241264458
Johanne Jean-Pierre, Alicia Boatswain-Kyte, Tya Collins, Emmanuela N Ojukwu
Since the tragic death of George Floyd in May 2020, there has been increased interest in anti-racist research. Consequently, several scholars are instigating qualitative inquiries in Black communities with limited preparation or expertise. This article presents a reflection regarding essential principles that can guide general and afro-emancipatory health and social sciences qualitative inquiries in Black diasporas. We contend that it is essential that researchers engage in reflexivity and consider Black ontologies, axiology and epistemologies. Furthermore, we propose the application of the following deontological principles to fulfil an ethical afro-emancipatory research framework: (a) include critical theories, (b) target the liberation of Afro-descendant peoples to enable their full participation as their whole selves in society; (c) ensure their leadership and meaningful involvement throughout the research process; (d) implement accountability mechanisms towards community members; (e) embrace intersectionality, an asset-based lens, and aspirational stance and; (f) foster healing, growth and joy.
自 2020 年 5 月乔治-弗洛伊德不幸去世以来,人们对反种族主义研究的兴趣日益浓厚。因此,一些学者在准备不足或专业知识有限的情况下,开始在黑人社区开展定性研究。本文提出了一些基本原则,这些原则可以指导在黑人散居地开展的一般性和非洲解放性健康与社会科学定性调查。我们认为,研究人员必须进行反思,并考虑黑人的本体论、公理和认识论。此外,我们建议应用以下义务论原则来实现非洲解放伦理研究框架:(a) 纳入批判性理论;(b) 以非洲裔人民的解放为目标,使他们能够作为完整的自我充分参与社会;(c) 确保他们在整个研究过程中的领导地位和有意义的参与;(d) 实施对社区成员的问责机制;(e) 接受交叉性、基于资产的视角和期望立场;(f) 促进愈合、成长和快乐。
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引用次数: 0
(Un) exceptional times: Compounding crises and local stakeholders in field work during COVID-19 (非常时期:COVID-19 期间实地工作中的多重危机和当地利益攸关方
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241264667
Cecilia Farfán-Méndez, Marcos Vizcarra
From the positionality of a Mexican scholar in security studies who identifies as female and an investigative journalist born and working in Sinaloa, Mexico, this article builds on existing scholarship examining the positionality of local stakeholders who are integral to the production of knowledge in conflict settings. In early 2021, Mexico had the world's third-highest number of deaths caused by Covid-19. Additionally, close to 80,000 people were officially missing and 52,000 remains in state custody lacked identification. In this context, civil society groups raised concerns about the proper handling of bodies, fearing cremation prior to identification of the remains. The article highlights two phenomena as evidence of a reflexivity process followed by the authors: first, for mothers searching for their children, Covid-19 was an additional life-threatening risk (not the main health risk, as in the general population). Second, we consider how global pandemics produce compounding crises in contexts of chronic violence and vulnerability, while simultaneously bolstering advantages for scholars in the Global North. The article is a call to action for more ethical qualitative research methodologies within the emerging social science community working on illicit economies and extralegal actors.
本文从一名墨西哥安全研究学者(女性)和一名出生并工作在墨西哥锡那罗亚州的调查记者的立场出发,在现有学术研究的基础上,探讨了在冲突环境下知识生产中不可或缺的当地利益相关者的立场。2021 年初,墨西哥因 Covid-19 导致的死亡人数位居世界第三。此外,有近 8 万人正式失踪,52,000 具由州政府保管的遗体无法确认身份。在这种情况下,民间社会团体对尸体的妥善处理表示担忧,担心在确认遗体身份之前就将其火化。文章强调了两个现象,作为作者所遵循的反思过程的证据:首先,对于寻找孩子的母亲来说,Covid-19 是一个额外的威胁生命的风险(而不是主要的健康风险,就像在普通人群中一样)。其次,我们考虑了全球流行病如何在长期暴力和脆弱性的背景下产生复合危机,同时又为全球北方的学者带来优势。这篇文章呼吁采取行动,在研究非法经济和法外行为者的新兴社会科学界中采用更符合道德规范的定性研究方法。
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引用次数: 0
For an ethics of generosity: Values for ethnography in a time of regulatory ethics 为了慷慨的伦理:监管伦理时代的民族志价值观
Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241259978
Paul Atkinson, Silvia Cataldi, David Wästerfors
The paper recommends a values-driven regeneration of research ethics for ethnography. In contrast to the current regulatory version of research ethics we propose a more subtle, field-oriented and traditional version, grounded in ethnographic experience. The paper is in three parts. The first part highlights the tacit assumptions of current systems of ethical approval for social research and their unintended and even perverse effects. Ethnography is the focus of the second part, where we highlight the distinctive issues for ethnographic research of current practice. In the final part we argue for a culture of ethnographic work grounded in an ethnographic understanding of social conduct and an ethic of generosity. Defined as a key-value for social sensitivity, this implies abandoning a procedural logic in favour of a values-based research culture faithful to the spirit of ethnographic and qualitative inquiry.
本文建议以价值观为导向,对人种学研究伦理进行革新。与现行的规范性研究伦理相比,我们提出了一种更加微妙、以实地为导向、以民族学经验为基础的传统研究伦理。本文分为三个部分。第一部分强调了当前社会研究伦理审批制度的默示假设及其意外的甚至反常的影响。人种学是第二部分的重点,在这一部分中,我们强调了当前实践中人种学研究的独特问题。在最后一部分,我们主张建立一种以对社会行为的人种学理解和慷慨伦理为基础的人种学工作文化。作为社会敏感性的关键价值观,这意味着放弃程序逻辑,转而支持忠实于人种学和定性调查精神的以价值观为基础的研究文化。
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引用次数: 0
Chasing scorpions across North Africa: Ethical reflections on life story research with Sub-Saharan migrants 在北非追逐蝎子:对撒哈拉以南移民生活故事研究的伦理思考
Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241259965
Stacey Wilson-Forsberg, Abderrahman Beggar
In this Research Note, two researchers present their reflections on the ethical challenges they encountered while collecting life stories of sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco and the Disputed Territory of Western Sahara. The reflections are based on field notes and excerpts from unedited transcripts of daily debriefing sessions that the researchers undertook together. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed into written notes. The materials reveal their thoughts and feelings as they grappled with the ethics of keeping their research participants (“Narrators”) safe, working with community organizations on the ground, attempting to conduct interviews as humanely as possible, while also managing and concealing their own emotions.
在本研究说明中,两位研究人员介绍了他们在摩洛哥和西撒哈拉争议领土收集撒哈拉以南移民生活故事时遇到的伦理挑战的反思。这些思考基于研究人员共同开展的每日汇报会的实地记录和未经编辑的记录摘录。汇报会进行了录音,并转录为书面记录。这些材料揭示了研究人员在处理以下伦理问题时的想法和感受:保护研究参与者("叙述者")的安全,与当地社区组织合作,尝试尽可能人道地进行访谈,同时管理和隐藏自己的情绪。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring client-therapist relationships through joint interviews 通过联合访谈探索客户与治疗师之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241255245
Marie Strand Skånland, Gisle Fuhr
In the last few years, there has been an increase of literature on the use of interviews with two participants, otherwise known as joint interviews. Researchers who employ this methodology describe challenges and potential advantages inherent to this approach, distinguishing it from individual and group interviews. In this article, we present and discuss results from two studies on therapeutic relationships in music therapy that include joint interviews with clients and their music therapists. Combining the data from the two studies, we identify and reflect on how the method of data collection shaped the interview situations and the findings that can be drawn from the empirical material. We found that the joint interview setting offered safety and support for the clients. Further, the joint interview setting allowed the music therapists and clients to address each other, build on each other's statements, and develop and negotiate shared understandings. Specifically, in joint interviews, as opposed to separate interviews, interactions within the dyad can be observed. This observation offers valuable information about the relationship within the dyad. The therapeutic relationship is key to therapeutic effect, but the client and therapist have been found to perceive their relationship differently. It is, therefore, essential to include both client and therapist when researching their relationship, and we argue that the joint interview holds a specific potential of producing rich data.
在过去几年中,关于使用有两名参与者的访谈(又称联合访谈)的文献越来越多。采用这种方法的研究人员描述了这种方法固有的挑战和潜在优势,并将其与个别访谈和小组访谈区分开来。在本文中,我们介绍并讨论了两项关于音乐治疗中治疗关系的研究结果,其中包括对客户及其音乐治疗师的联合访谈。结合这两项研究的数据,我们确定并反思了数据收集方法是如何塑造访谈情境以及从实证材料中得出结论的。我们发现,联合访谈为客户提供了安全和支持。此外,联合访谈的环境允许音乐治疗师和客户相互交流,在彼此陈述的基础上发展和协商共同的理解。具体来说,在联合访谈中,与单独访谈相比,可以观察到二人组内部的互动。这种观察可以提供有关二人关系的宝贵信息。治疗关系是治疗效果的关键,但研究发现,求助者和治疗师对他们之间的关系有不同的看法。因此,在研究求助者和治疗师的关系时,必须将他们都包括在内,我们认为联合访谈具有产生丰富数据的特定潜力。
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引用次数: 1
From Interpretation to Interruption: Embracing disruptive analysis 从解释到中断:接受颠覆性分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241230240
Timothy Clark
Qualitative analysis is, inherently, a complex, messy and nuanced process. In the context of contested notions of validity, for novice researchers there is therefore an attraction in adopting established, systematic and formulaic approaches. Yet, in prioritising methodical processes, over critical engagement and methodologically coherent quality criteria, these approaches can risk limiting research to a process of cataloguing and reporting face value readings. This research note reflects on an attempt to address and examine this risk in a doctoral research project by progressing from an initial thematic interpretative approach to data analysis to a secondary stage informed by ideas of interruptive analysis. The paper introduces a conceptualisation of interruption as prioritising interrogation of aspects of presentation, over a focus on the interpretation of content or a shift from analysing what is said, to how it is said. Empirical data from research exploring doctoral students’ methodological decision-making is utilised to illustrate the approach and to provoke consideration of the value of embracing disruption. Analysis of two narrative accounts from the study is presented, providing a snapshot of the different understandings and an insight into the learning it generated. The learning in this research note is intended to act as an illustration and provocation for thinking rather than any form of procedural guide.
定性分析本质上是一个复杂、混乱和微妙的过程。因此,在有效性概念备受争议的背景下,对新手研究人员来说,采用既定的、系统的和公式化的方法具有吸引力。然而,这些方法优先考虑的是方法过程,而不是批判性参与和方法上一致的质量标准,因此有可能将研究局限于编目和报告表面价值解读的过程。本研究报告反思了在一个博士研究项目中应对和检查这种风险的尝试,即从最初的专题解释性数据分析方法发展到以中断分析思想为指导的第二阶段。论文介绍了中断的概念,即优先考虑对陈述的各个方面进行审问,而不是将重点放在对内容的解释上,或者从分析说了什么转向分析是如何说的。本文利用对博士生方法论决策进行探索研究的经验数据来说明这种方法,并引发对接受中断的价值的思考。本研究报告对研究中的两个叙述进行了分析,提供了不同理解的缩影,并对研究中产生的学习成果进行了深入探讨。本研究说明中的学习内容旨在说明和启发思考,而不是任何形式的程序指南。
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引用次数: 0
From Interpretation to Interruption: Embracing disruptive analysis 从解释到中断:接受颠覆性分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241230240
Timothy Clark
Qualitative analysis is, inherently, a complex, messy and nuanced process. In the context of contested notions of validity, for novice researchers there is therefore an attraction in adopting established, systematic and formulaic approaches. Yet, in prioritising methodical processes, over critical engagement and methodologically coherent quality criteria, these approaches can risk limiting research to a process of cataloguing and reporting face value readings. This research note reflects on an attempt to address and examine this risk in a doctoral research project by progressing from an initial thematic interpretative approach to data analysis to a secondary stage informed by ideas of interruptive analysis. The paper introduces a conceptualisation of interruption as prioritising interrogation of aspects of presentation, over a focus on the interpretation of content or a shift from analysing what is said, to how it is said. Empirical data from research exploring doctoral students’ methodological decision-making is utilised to illustrate the approach and to provoke consideration of the value of embracing disruption. Analysis of two narrative accounts from the study is presented, providing a snapshot of the different understandings and an insight into the learning it generated. The learning in this research note is intended to act as an illustration and provocation for thinking rather than any form of procedural guide.
定性分析本质上是一个复杂、混乱和微妙的过程。因此,在有效性概念备受争议的背景下,对新手研究人员来说,采用既定的、系统的和公式化的方法具有吸引力。然而,这些方法优先考虑的是方法过程,而不是批判性参与和方法上一致的质量标准,因此有可能将研究局限于编目和报告表面价值解读的过程。本研究报告反思了在一个博士研究项目中应对和检查这种风险的尝试,即从最初的专题解释性数据分析方法发展到以中断分析思想为指导的第二阶段。论文介绍了中断的概念,即优先考虑对陈述的各个方面进行审问,而不是将重点放在对内容的解释上,或者从分析说了什么转向分析是如何说的。本文利用对博士生方法论决策进行探索研究的经验数据来说明这种方法,并引发对接受中断的价值的思考。本研究报告对研究中的两个叙述进行了分析,提供了不同理解的缩影,并对研究中产生的学习成果进行了深入探讨。本研究说明中的学习内容旨在说明和启发思考,而不是任何形式的程序指南。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic ethnography: Fieldwork in transformed social space 大流行病人种学:变革社会空间中的实地调查
Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/14687941241230230
Tadeo Weiner Davis, Hannah Obertino-Norwood
This methodological analysis traces the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on two ethnographic studies in Chicago: a neighborhood fight for affordable housing, and an effort to increase local participation in the 2020 U.S. Census. We attend to the relationship between space and visibility after the onset of the pandemic as methodological and political challenges. Drawing on Haraway's seminal description of situated knowledge, this article explores the changes that the pandemic brought to our situated and partial perspective as ethnographers of political process. To do so, we present fieldwork from both studies before and after they became fully virtual. Finally, we discuss shared emergent methodological implications with a focus on embodiment in fieldwork, the dynamics of access, and the formalization of participation in online venues.
本方法论分析追溯了 COVID-19 大流行病爆发对芝加哥两项人种学研究的影响:一项是为经济适用房而进行的邻里斗争,另一项是为提高当地对 2020 年美国人口普查的参与度而做出的努力。我们关注疫情爆发后空间与能见度之间的关系,将其视为方法论和政治上的挑战。本文借鉴哈拉维(Haraway)对情景知识的开创性描述,探讨了大流行给我们作为政治进程民族志研究者的情景和局部视角带来的变化。为此,我们介绍了两项研究在完全虚拟化之前和之后的实地工作。最后,我们讨论了共同出现的方法论影响,重点是田野工作中的体现、访问的动态性以及在线参与的正规化。
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引用次数: 0
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Qualitative Research
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