Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005
Rhema Olajide Ajao
Timber, as a building material, when effectively maximized, can be used to ensure sustainability and low-cost housing. Timber, with its great qualities and abundance of availability in Nigeria, has predominantly been confined in its usage in building construction in Nigeria to the unseen and peripheral components of a building. It is sparsely used for structural reasons, mostly limited to the roof structure, furniture fittings, doors, and decorative purposes in some cases. As such, this research responds to that call. This paper aims to explicitly examine the drivers and barriers of its usage and adoption for building construction in Nigeria using Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, as the case study. The research confronts the topic by conducting a literature analysis of the possible use of timber in building construction, as well as its qualities and challenges as a building material. Questionnaires were also designed to investigate the factors that could promote its use and the barriers that are hindering its adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. A random sampling method was used to collect the required data from a total population size of 60 building professionals. A statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical package for social science. Results indicated that timber is a recognized building material, but its utilization in the Nigerian construction industry is restricted. This limitation is attributed to perceived challenges, including concerns about susceptibility to water damage and fire and a lack of technical expertise in utilizing timber for various building components. The study recommends that the usage of timber should be advanced through collaboration and training about the use of timber among building construction experts and also that building codes that would guide the use of timber in building construction should be worked on and included in the Nigeria national building codes as this would help to improve its awareness and encourage its use in the building industry.
{"title":"Drivers and Barriers of Timber for Building Construction in Nigeria: A Case Study of Akure, Ondo State","authors":"Rhema Olajide Ajao","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005","url":null,"abstract":"Timber, as a building material, when effectively maximized, can be used to ensure sustainability and low-cost housing. Timber, with its great qualities and abundance of availability in Nigeria, has predominantly been confined in its usage in building construction in Nigeria to the unseen and peripheral components of a building. It is sparsely used for structural reasons, mostly limited to the roof structure, furniture fittings, doors, and decorative purposes in some cases. As such, this research responds to that call. This paper aims to explicitly examine the drivers and barriers of its usage and adoption for building construction in Nigeria using Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, as the case study. The research confronts the topic by conducting a literature analysis of the possible use of timber in building construction, as well as its qualities and challenges as a building material. Questionnaires were also designed to investigate the factors that could promote its use and the barriers that are hindering its adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. A random sampling method was used to collect the required data from a total population size of 60 building professionals. A statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical package for social science. Results indicated that timber is a recognized building material, but its utilization in the Nigerian construction industry is restricted. This limitation is attributed to perceived challenges, including concerns about susceptibility to water damage and fire and a lack of technical expertise in utilizing timber for various building components. The study recommends that the usage of timber should be advanced through collaboration and training about the use of timber among building construction experts and also that building codes that would guide the use of timber in building construction should be worked on and included in the Nigeria national building codes as this would help to improve its awareness and encourage its use in the building industry.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005
Rhema Olajide Ajao
Timber, as a building material, when effectively maximized, can be used to ensure sustainability and low-cost housing. Timber, with its great qualities and abundance of availability in Nigeria, has predominantly been confined in its usage in building construction in Nigeria to the unseen and peripheral components of a building. It is sparsely used for structural reasons, mostly limited to the roof structure, furniture fittings, doors, and decorative purposes in some cases. As such, this research responds to that call. This paper aims to explicitly examine the drivers and barriers of its usage and adoption for building construction in Nigeria using Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, as the case study. The research confronts the topic by conducting a literature analysis of the possible use of timber in building construction, as well as its qualities and challenges as a building material. Questionnaires were also designed to investigate the factors that could promote its use and the barriers that are hindering its adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. A random sampling method was used to collect the required data from a total population size of 60 building professionals. A statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical package for social science. Results indicated that timber is a recognized building material, but its utilization in the Nigerian construction industry is restricted. This limitation is attributed to perceived challenges, including concerns about susceptibility to water damage and fire and a lack of technical expertise in utilizing timber for various building components. The study recommends that the usage of timber should be advanced through collaboration and training about the use of timber among building construction experts and also that building codes that would guide the use of timber in building construction should be worked on and included in the Nigeria national building codes as this would help to improve its awareness and encourage its use in the building industry.
{"title":"Drivers and Barriers of Timber for Building Construction in Nigeria: A Case Study of Akure, Ondo State","authors":"Rhema Olajide Ajao","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-005","url":null,"abstract":"Timber, as a building material, when effectively maximized, can be used to ensure sustainability and low-cost housing. Timber, with its great qualities and abundance of availability in Nigeria, has predominantly been confined in its usage in building construction in Nigeria to the unseen and peripheral components of a building. It is sparsely used for structural reasons, mostly limited to the roof structure, furniture fittings, doors, and decorative purposes in some cases. As such, this research responds to that call. This paper aims to explicitly examine the drivers and barriers of its usage and adoption for building construction in Nigeria using Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, as the case study. The research confronts the topic by conducting a literature analysis of the possible use of timber in building construction, as well as its qualities and challenges as a building material. Questionnaires were also designed to investigate the factors that could promote its use and the barriers that are hindering its adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. A random sampling method was used to collect the required data from a total population size of 60 building professionals. A statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical package for social science. Results indicated that timber is a recognized building material, but its utilization in the Nigerian construction industry is restricted. This limitation is attributed to perceived challenges, including concerns about susceptibility to water damage and fire and a lack of technical expertise in utilizing timber for various building components. The study recommends that the usage of timber should be advanced through collaboration and training about the use of timber among building construction experts and also that building codes that would guide the use of timber in building construction should be worked on and included in the Nigeria national building codes as this would help to improve its awareness and encourage its use in the building industry.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"75 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-007
Sodamade, A., Adeboye, O. O., Amusat, M. A., Owonikoko, A. D.
Protein malnutrition is one of the global nutritional problems encountered in the less developed countries of the world, prompting researchers to search for alternative dietary protein sources that would alleviate problems of protein shortage and could also provide, to a certain extent, some important medicinal purposes. The leaves of the plant were washed with distilled water to remove dust, authenticated at the forest research institute Jericho Ibadan and processed for leaf protein concentrates to evaluate for proximate composition, mineral content, phytochemical analysis and amino acid profile using the standard method of analysis. The results of proximate analysis of the sample in g/100g showed moisture content (12.58±0.053), Ash (2.14±0.061), Fat (15.67±0.031), Crude protein (43.78±0.031), Crude fat (17.23±0.071) and Carbohydrate (8.58±0.113). The mineral composition of the sample had 0.19±0.00mg/g of magnesium, Na; 41.382±0.35mg/g, Fe; 1.292±0.002, K; 9.098±0.02, Fe; 1.293±0.00mg/g, Zn; 0.013±0.00mg/g, Cr; 0.026±0.00mg/g phosphorus; 19.520±0.29 Ni; 0.001±0.00, Cd; 0.0143±0.00mg/g, while lead and selenium were not detected in the sample. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Tannin, Saponin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and phenol in reasonable amounts, revealing that the sample would possess certain important medicinal characteristics. The amino acid content of the samples showed valuable essential and non-essential amino acids. It is evident from the study that the leaf protein concentrates from Mentha piperita plants' source of nutrients, phytochemicals, and essential and non-essential amino acids, indicating that the plant could still be classified as nutraceuticals apart from cosmeceuticals due to the concentration of phytochemicals and nutritive parameters of the sample.
{"title":"Chemical Profile, Amino Acid Characteristics and Phytochemical Study of Mentha Piperita Leaf Protein Concentrates","authors":"Sodamade, A., Adeboye, O. O., Amusat, M. A., Owonikoko, A. D.","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-007","url":null,"abstract":"Protein malnutrition is one of the global nutritional problems encountered in the less developed countries of the world, prompting researchers to search for alternative dietary protein sources that would alleviate problems of protein shortage and could also provide, to a certain extent, some important medicinal purposes. The leaves of the plant were washed with distilled water to remove dust, authenticated at the forest research institute Jericho Ibadan and processed for leaf protein concentrates to evaluate for proximate composition, mineral content, phytochemical analysis and amino acid profile using the standard method of analysis. The results of proximate analysis of the sample in g/100g showed moisture content (12.58±0.053), Ash (2.14±0.061), Fat (15.67±0.031), Crude protein (43.78±0.031), Crude fat (17.23±0.071) and Carbohydrate (8.58±0.113). The mineral composition of the sample had 0.19±0.00mg/g of magnesium, Na; 41.382±0.35mg/g, Fe; 1.292±0.002, K; 9.098±0.02, Fe; 1.293±0.00mg/g, Zn; 0.013±0.00mg/g, Cr; 0.026±0.00mg/g phosphorus; 19.520±0.29 Ni; 0.001±0.00, Cd; 0.0143±0.00mg/g, while lead and selenium were not detected in the sample. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Tannin, Saponin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and phenol in reasonable amounts, revealing that the sample would possess certain important medicinal characteristics. The amino acid content of the samples showed valuable essential and non-essential amino acids. It is evident from the study that the leaf protein concentrates from Mentha piperita plants' source of nutrients, phytochemicals, and essential and non-essential amino acids, indicating that the plant could still be classified as nutraceuticals apart from cosmeceuticals due to the concentration of phytochemicals and nutritive parameters of the sample.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2310-011
Vibiah Muvili Munanie, Annette Obukosia Busula, George Timothy Opande
Bacterial infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, with high financial impacts among human beings globally. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. They eliminate or prevent bacteria from reproducing and spreading. Since they do so at different rates, some bacteria may mutate with an under-dose and resist antibiotic treatment through natural selection. The bacteria develop acquired antimicrobial resistance to several drugs due to increased use and misuse of antibiotics. This has resulted in increased interest in the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of bacterial infections. The plants serve as resistance modifying agents from the metabolites that they produce. Previous studies show that metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids and polyphenols may have antimicrobial and resistance-modifying properties. They destroy the microorganisms and interfere with the crucial events in the pathogenic process, reducing the bacteria's ability to develop resistance to botanicals. Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott leaves were previously tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the extracts showed higher activity against bacterial infections compared to the use of the antibiotic drug Clarithromycin. Leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Colocasia esculenta in previous studies were found to contain steroids, Flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, Anthroquinones and Alkaloids. The extracts were found to have anti-diabetic activity and anti-helminthic activity compared to the standard drug, Piperazine citrate. This study determined phytochemicals present in ethanolic extracts of the bark and tuber of Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott in Kenya. A qualitative research design was adopted in this study. Colocasia esculenta plant samples used in this study were purposely obtained from Kaimosi Friends University farm in Vihiga County. They were taken to the laboratory of Botany at Maseno University, where they were washed with sterile distilled water, separated into bark and tuber, dried, crushed into powder, packed separately in airtight plastic containers, labelled and stored for later use. Plant ethanolic extracts were prepared separately (from powders) in triplicate for use in experiments. Screening for the presence of phytochemicals was done using standard methods. Qualitative analysis of the plant samples was used to check for the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and anthraquinones. Data were collected and then analyzed. Results were presented in the form of a table as the presence or absence of the specific phytochemicals. Results showed that Saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenolic compounds were present in both the tuber and bark ethanolic extracts of Colocasia esculenta. Interestingly, the bark extract had more saponins and tannins than the tuber extract. The results of this study can be used to further determine the antibacterial activi
{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling of Ethanolic Extracts from the Bark and Tuber of Colocasia Esculenta (L) Schott, Identification and Quantification of Compounds Present in Kenya","authors":"Vibiah Muvili Munanie, Annette Obukosia Busula, George Timothy Opande","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2310-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2310-011","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, with high financial impacts among human beings globally. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. They eliminate or prevent bacteria from reproducing and spreading. Since they do so at different rates, some bacteria may mutate with an under-dose and resist antibiotic treatment through natural selection. The bacteria develop acquired antimicrobial resistance to several drugs due to increased use and misuse of antibiotics. This has resulted in increased interest in the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of bacterial infections. The plants serve as resistance modifying agents from the metabolites that they produce. Previous studies show that metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids and polyphenols may have antimicrobial and resistance-modifying properties. They destroy the microorganisms and interfere with the crucial events in the pathogenic process, reducing the bacteria's ability to develop resistance to botanicals. \u0000Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott leaves were previously tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the extracts showed higher activity against bacterial infections compared to the use of the antibiotic drug Clarithromycin. Leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Colocasia esculenta in previous studies were found to contain steroids, Flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, Anthroquinones and Alkaloids. The extracts were found to have anti-diabetic activity and anti-helminthic activity compared to the standard drug, Piperazine citrate. This study determined phytochemicals present in ethanolic extracts of the bark and tuber of Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott in Kenya. A qualitative research design was adopted in this study. Colocasia esculenta plant samples used in this study were purposely obtained from Kaimosi Friends University farm in Vihiga County. They were taken to the laboratory of Botany at Maseno University, where they were washed with sterile distilled water, separated into bark and tuber, dried, crushed into powder, packed separately in airtight plastic containers, labelled and stored for later use. Plant ethanolic extracts were prepared separately (from powders) in triplicate for use in experiments. Screening for the presence of phytochemicals was done using standard methods. Qualitative analysis of the plant samples was used to check for the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and anthraquinones. Data were collected and then analyzed. Results were presented in the form of a table as the presence or absence of the specific phytochemicals. Results showed that Saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenolic compounds were present in both the tuber and bark ethanolic extracts of Colocasia esculenta. Interestingly, the bark extract had more saponins and tannins than the tuber extract. The results of this study can be used to further determine the antibacterial activi","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"452 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2308-007
Nkwemoh Clement Anguh, Wirsir Destain Yungsi
The Jakiri Plateau is an epitome of sub-Saharan agglomerations where man has had an untold impact on the land cover dynamics. This research thus stood to decipher and view in detail the role of man in determining landcover change. The study relies on the collection of data from secondary and primary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 310 Farmers and 84 Pastoralists in 17 villages. Information from Focus Group Discussions and Interviews was beefed up with facts based on measurements and Observations from the Field. The Topographic Map of Nkambe NB32XVII, at the scale: 1:200 000, was exploited. Data from satellite images were derived using the Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM +). ASTER images for 2007 were used. Data were treated with the use of SPSS, ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE software. The study reveals that anthropogenic actions are predominant in degradation; meanwhile, physical factors only contribute to the degradation process that rendered the Jakiri plateau susceptible to soil erosion and mass movement. The Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed a decrease in NDVI values from +0.92 in 1988, +0.74 in 2001 and +0.5 in 2020, showing a vegetation decrease. Meanwhile, the Land Cover Classification revealed a change in forest/land cover, from 24.4% in 1988 to 9.83% in 2020, with a decrease in forest cover of 14.5%. On the contrary, built-up areas, grassland (savannah) and bare surfaces have witnessed an increase in land cover classes from 34.4%, 10%, and 31.2% in 1988 to 37.7%, 14%, and 38% in 2020, respectively. Our study equally identified population pressure, deforestation, rudimentary agricultural activities, overgrazing and forest exploitation Practices that transformed the landscape of Jakiri. The solutions that have been proposed focus on landscape restoration through improved farming systems such as agroforestry and also the application of certain technical methods. The proposed solutions are those that will take care of the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing that of the future generation.
{"title":"The Role of Man on Land Cover Dynamics in the Jakiri Area, N.W. Region of Cameroon","authors":"Nkwemoh Clement Anguh, Wirsir Destain Yungsi","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2308-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2308-007","url":null,"abstract":"The Jakiri Plateau is an epitome of sub-Saharan agglomerations where man has had an untold impact on the land cover dynamics. This research thus stood to decipher and view in detail the role of man in determining landcover change. The study relies on the collection of data from secondary and primary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 310 Farmers and 84 Pastoralists in 17 villages. Information from Focus Group Discussions and Interviews was beefed up with facts based on measurements and Observations from the Field. The Topographic Map of Nkambe NB32XVII, at the scale: 1:200 000, was exploited. Data from satellite images were derived using the Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM +). ASTER images for 2007 were used. Data were treated with the use of SPSS, ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE software. The study reveals that anthropogenic actions are predominant in degradation; meanwhile, physical factors only contribute to the degradation process that rendered the Jakiri plateau susceptible to soil erosion and mass movement. The Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed a decrease in NDVI values from +0.92 in 1988, +0.74 in 2001 and +0.5 in 2020, showing a vegetation decrease. Meanwhile, the Land Cover Classification revealed a change in forest/land cover, from 24.4% in 1988 to 9.83% in 2020, with a decrease in forest cover of 14.5%. On the contrary, built-up areas, grassland (savannah) and bare surfaces have witnessed an increase in land cover classes from 34.4%, 10%, and 31.2% in 1988 to 37.7%, 14%, and 38% in 2020, respectively. Our study equally identified population pressure, deforestation, rudimentary agricultural activities, overgrazing and forest exploitation Practices that transformed the landscape of Jakiri. The solutions that have been proposed focus on landscape restoration through improved farming systems such as agroforestry and also the application of certain technical methods. The proposed solutions are those that will take care of the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing that of the future generation.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-002
Opeoluwa Oyedele, Monique Van Wyk
Although little is known about the contributing factors of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Namibia besides no masking, no sanitizing and no social distancing, there is a need for an exhaustive study to be done to explore the factors contributing to new confirmed cases in the country. In this retrospective study, the Negative Binomial regression technique was used to examine the factors contributing to the new confirmed cases in Namibia using the data collected from the COVID-19 reports from Ministry of Health and Social Services official Facebook page, Worldometer and WHO webpage from 13 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Results from this study revealed that Khomas, Erongo and Otjozondjupa regions had the most reported confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. In addition, the weather season (p=0.003), national events (p<0.001), vaccination period (p<0.001), sex (p=0.010) and region (p=0.018) were significant contributors to new confirmed cases. It is, therefore, recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Services, together with governmental and non-governmental/aid organizations, use these findings in their efforts to further curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the country, especially during the current wave of the virus as well as in the event of a potential sixth and seventh wave outbreak.
{"title":"Determinants of New Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Namibia: A Retrospective Observational Analysis","authors":"Opeoluwa Oyedele, Monique Van Wyk","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-002","url":null,"abstract":"Although little is known about the contributing factors of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Namibia besides no masking, no sanitizing and no social distancing, there is a need for an exhaustive study to be done to explore the factors contributing to new confirmed cases in the country. In this retrospective study, the Negative Binomial regression technique was used to examine the factors contributing to the new confirmed cases in Namibia using the data collected from the COVID-19 reports from Ministry of Health and Social Services official Facebook page, Worldometer and WHO webpage from 13 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Results from this study revealed that Khomas, Erongo and Otjozondjupa regions had the most reported confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. In addition, the weather season (p=0.003), national events (p<0.001), vaccination period (p<0.001), sex (p=0.010) and region (p=0.018) were significant contributors to new confirmed cases. It is, therefore, recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Services, together with governmental and non-governmental/aid organizations, use these findings in their efforts to further curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the country, especially during the current wave of the virus as well as in the event of a potential sixth and seventh wave outbreak.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mung beans have the potential to be processed into functional food. Mung beans are known as high-nutrition foods, especially protein and dietary fibre. One of the alternatives in processing mung beans is fermentation, which will produce mung bean yoghurt. The fermentation process can increase the nutritional value of mung beans. Besides that, the fermentation of mung bean yoghurt can also increase the consumer acceptability and economic value of mung bean. The objective of this research is to determine the ash content, water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and dietary fibre content of mung bean yoghurt, and also to find out the results of organoleptic analysis of mung bean yoghurt. This is a cross-sectional study, measuring every variable at one time on mung bean yoghurt. Organoleptic test, include the colour, aroma, flavour and texture of yoghurt were measured among 30 semi-trained panelists. Mung bean yoghurt contains 84 (45%) of water, 0 (7%) of ash, 7 (26%) of protein, 0 (15%) of fat, 7 (44%) of carbohydrates and 3 (66%) of dietary fibre. For organoleptic analysis, the color of mung bean yoghurt does not differ significantly compare to commercial cow milk yoghurt. While for the aroma, flavour, and texture, mungbean yoghurt differs significantly from commercial cow milk yoghurt. This research can be concluded that the protein and dietary fibre content of mung beans yoghurt is higher than commercial cow milk yoghurt. However, mung bean yoghurt has less fat than commercial cow milk yoghurt. The aroma, flavour, colour of commercial cow milk yoghurt is preferable to mung bean yoghurt.
{"title":"Proximate, Dietary Fibre and Organoleptic Analysis of Mung Beans Yoghurt","authors":"Adisti Qamahadlina, Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa, Fasty Arum Utami","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2310-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i10/st2310-013","url":null,"abstract":"Mung beans have the potential to be processed into functional food. Mung beans are known as high-nutrition foods, especially protein and dietary fibre. One of the alternatives in processing mung beans is fermentation, which will produce mung bean yoghurt. The fermentation process can increase the nutritional value of mung beans. Besides that, the fermentation of mung bean yoghurt can also increase the consumer acceptability and economic value of mung bean. The objective of this research is to determine the ash content, water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and dietary fibre content of mung bean yoghurt, and also to find out the results of organoleptic analysis of mung bean yoghurt. This is a cross-sectional study, measuring every variable at one time on mung bean yoghurt. Organoleptic test, include the colour, aroma, flavour and texture of yoghurt were measured among 30 semi-trained panelists. Mung bean yoghurt contains 84 (45%) of water, 0 (7%) of ash, 7 (26%) of protein, 0 (15%) of fat, 7 (44%) of carbohydrates and 3 (66%) of dietary fibre. For organoleptic analysis, the color of mung bean yoghurt does not differ significantly compare to commercial cow milk yoghurt. While for the aroma, flavour, and texture, mungbean yoghurt differs significantly from commercial cow milk yoghurt. This research can be concluded that the protein and dietary fibre content of mung beans yoghurt is higher than commercial cow milk yoghurt. However, mung bean yoghurt has less fat than commercial cow milk yoghurt. The aroma, flavour, colour of commercial cow milk yoghurt is preferable to mung bean yoghurt.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"247 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-008
Moilwa Stella, Setlhaolo Ditiro, Sakala Japhet
Many African countries, such as Botswana, receive high insolation that can be used to generate electricity. However, they still rely on thermal power generation and imports from neighbouring countries through various African power pools. Thermal generation methods result in an increase in carbon footprint. Therefore, in pursuance of the global climate change goals, the Government of Botswana has subscribed to allow all end users with the capacity to install solar rooftops and sell extra electricity to the power utility. These interconnections of solar PV plants to the grid are bound to bring challenges to the steady state system performance. This research, therefore, evaluates the performance of the integrated system focusing on the greater Gaborone distribution system (GGDS), where five government projects are being piloted. The study has adopted two scenarios by providing a performance comparative analysis between the system baselines to a solar integrated system using DIgSILENT Power Factory software. The system studies conducted include power flow, effects on voltage and line loading. This research found out that integrating PV plants to GGDS distribution network improves voltage profiles and a decrease in overall percentage loading of the feeders and interconnectors. However, some notes could only permit a limited loading. In conclusion, the implications of the effects of solar PV on the distribution system differ from one circuit to another; therefore, it calls for utilities to conduct an intensive network assessment for each particular feeder before interconnecting with solar.
许多非洲国家，如博茨瓦纳，日照充足，可以用来发电。然而，这些国家仍然依赖火力发电和通过各种非洲电力联营从邻国进口电力。火力发电方式导致碳足迹增加。因此，为了实现全球气候变化目标，博茨瓦纳政府已同意允许所有有能力的终端用户安装太阳能屋顶，并向电力公司出售额外的电力。这些太阳能光伏电站与电网的互联势必会给稳态系统性能带来挑战。因此，本研究将以大哈博罗内配电系统（GGDS）为重点，评估综合系统的性能，该系统正在试点五个政府项目。研究采用了两种方案，利用 DIgSILENT Power Factory 软件对系统基线和太阳能集成系统进行性能比较分析。系统研究包括功率流、对电压和线路负载的影响。研究发现，将光伏电站集成到 GGDS 配电网络中可以改善电压曲线，降低馈线和互连线的总体负载百分比。然而，有些注意事项只能允许有限的负载。总之，太阳能光伏发电对配电系统的影响因电路而异；因此，电力公司需要在太阳能互联之前对每条特定馈线进行深入的网络评估。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Distribution System Interconnected with Solar PV Plants Using DIgSILENT","authors":"Moilwa Stella, Setlhaolo Ditiro, Sakala Japhet","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i11/st2311-008","url":null,"abstract":"Many African countries, such as Botswana, receive high insolation that can be used to generate electricity. However, they still rely on thermal power generation and imports from neighbouring countries through various African power pools. Thermal generation methods result in an increase in carbon footprint. Therefore, in pursuance of the global climate change goals, the Government of Botswana has subscribed to allow all end users with the capacity to install solar rooftops and sell extra electricity to the power utility. These interconnections of solar PV plants to the grid are bound to bring challenges to the steady state system performance. This research, therefore, evaluates the performance of the integrated system focusing on the greater Gaborone distribution system (GGDS), where five government projects are being piloted. The study has adopted two scenarios by providing a performance comparative analysis between the system baselines to a solar integrated system using DIgSILENT Power Factory software. The system studies conducted include power flow, effects on voltage and line loading. This research found out that integrating PV plants to GGDS distribution network improves voltage profiles and a decrease in overall percentage loading of the feeders and interconnectors. However, some notes could only permit a limited loading. In conclusion, the implications of the effects of solar PV on the distribution system differ from one circuit to another; therefore, it calls for utilities to conduct an intensive network assessment for each particular feeder before interconnecting with solar.","PeriodicalId":510026,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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